Objective To explore the accuracy and feasibility of infrared computer navigation for femur,tibia tunnel positioning in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Methods Data of patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction using infrared computer navigation from January 2012 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 26 males and 9 females,with an average age of 26.8 years old.35 patients were with concomitant meniscal injury 21 cases,and 3 cases with medial collateral ligament injury.All patients were treated with gracilis and semitendinosus knit stitch as grafts,and bone ends were made with hydroxyapatite extrusion screws,door-shaped nails and porous plate.Results The mean follow-up time was 16 months.The rate of postoperative femoral tunnel site measurements was 63.8％±6.6％,and tibial tunnel site measurements was 45.7％±4.2％.1 patient appeared heterotopic ossification in tibia tracker pinhole 3 months after surgery,and the joint activities was normal.Lachman test:there were 1 case with Ⅱ degree,30 with Ⅲ degree,and 4 with Ⅳ degree before operation,and 33 with Ⅰ degree,1 with Ⅱ degree,1 with Ⅲ degree after operation.The KT-1000 test was from 6.47±0.75 mm preoperatively to 1.01±1.14 mm postoperatively.Preoperative knee laxity differences was more than 5 mm in 32 cases,3-5 mm in 3,and after operation they were 0-3 mm in 31,3-5 mm in 2,and less that 0 mm in 2 cases.Lysholm score and Tegner scores were from preoperative 52.74± 10.91 points and 4.64± 1.34 points to postoperative 93.97±4.13 and 6.56±0.81 points.ROM was from 85.6°± 11.2° to 118.3°±5.7°;33 cases were without flexion and extension limited; two cases had knee flexion,extension limitation less than 10°.After straight leg raising training and proprioception functional training for 6 months,the knee ROM returned to normal.Conclusion Infrared computer assisted navigation system for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is to navigate through the use of anatomical landmarks and kinematic data,kinematic data by detecting and recording the knee,selected a secure tunnel site,viable surgical method,you can make femur,tibia tunnel position more accurately,good curative effect evaluation.

BACKGROUND:With more and more research available,there are different classification systems for intertrochanteric fracture,from Evans and Boyd-Griffin classification to Evans-Jensen and AO/OTA classification,all providing guidance for choosing an appropriate treatment scheme.OBJECTIVE:To review the advance in the treatment of senile unstable intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,WanFang and CNKI databases were searched with the keywords of intertrochanteric fracture,intramedullary nail,hip arthroplasty in English and Chinese,respectively.1 535 literatures were retrieved firstly,and finally 47 articles were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The therapy conception of intertrochanteric fractures has been changed from conservative traction to early surgical treatment.With the development of technology,the internal fixators have been improved continuously.Screw-plate system has been developed from Jewett plate,AO/ASIF plate to dynamic hip screw.Intramedullary nails such as Gamma,proximal femoral and proximal femoral antirotation nails have been successfully applied in clinic.Senile patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures also obtain favorable prognosis through active internal fixation,but the high incidence of complications appears because of osteoporosis,osteogenesis deficiency and accompanied by degenerative hip diseases.Thereafter,hip arthroplasty is recommended to treat senile unstable intertrochanteric fractures so as to achieve rapid functional recovery,desired efficacy and low incidence of complications.However,it still remains controversial to choose internal fixation or hip arthroplasty.

Data of 55 patients with duodenal mass lesions treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors of delayed bleeding after ESD were explored by univariate analysis and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis. Duodenal delayed bleeding occurred in 5 patients (9.09%). No closure treatment under endoscopy( P=0.035) was significantly different between the delayed bleeding group and the non-delayed bleeding group. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression showed no closure treatment under endoscopy was an independent risk factor for delayed bleeding after ESD in duodenal mass lesions ( P=0.029, OR=0.079, 95% CI: 0.008-0.776). Patients older than 60 years and who did not take endoscopic closure treatment have higher incidences of delayed bleeding after ESD. No closure treatment under endoscopy is directly related to postoperative delayed bleeding.

AIM:To compare the difference between diopter of refration measured after cycloplegic mydriasis with retinoscopy and hand-held autorefractor so as to explore the feasibility of using hand - held autorefractor for refraction screening in cadet candidates.
METHODS:Respectively using hand-held autorefractor and streak retinoscope to do optometry examination in 317 cadet candidates students ( 634 eyes ) after mydriasis. Main index of refraction values ( spherical, cylindrical mirror degree and axial) were analyzed by difference test and correlation analysis. And the elimination rate was comparatively analyzed.
RESULTS: Diopters of sphere and cyclic refraction measured by hand-held autorefration were significantly higher than those by retinoscopy ( P< 0. 05 ), but the correction analysis showed that there was high correlation (r=0. 733, 0. 694), axial of refration measured by these two methods were non - significant ( P > 0. 05 ). The disqualifying rate using autorefraction was much higher than that using retinoscopy. It was easy to be wrongly eliminated.
CONCLUSION:Because of the high correlation between diopters of autorefraction measured by retinascopy and autorefractor, autorefraction has application value in refraction screening in cadet candidates with normal vision.

Dental Impression Materials ; Disinfection

Adult ; Crown Lengthening ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; Esthetics, Dental ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; therapy

Objective To analyze the curative effects of total knee arthroplasty(TKA)for severe genu varus combined with flexion deformity.Methods The clinical data of 25 patients(36 knees),who had undergone TKA for severe genu varus combined with flexion deformity from January 2005 to October 2010,were retrospectively analyzed.There were 7 males and 18 females,aged from 55 to 80 years(average 70.5 years).The primary diseases were osteoarthritis in 22 cases and rheumatoid arthritis in 3 cases.HSS knee score was used before and after the operation to assess the efficacy of the TKA.Results All of the patients were followed up for 4 to 9 years(average 6 years).The degree of flexion deformity was reduced from (21 ±63)°to(1.1 ±2.3)°;the degree of the varus decreased from(210 ±4.8)°to(175.6 ±2.1)°;range of motion of the knee joint increased from(70.5 ±20.5)°to(115.1 ±5.3)°;knee score augmen-ted from(33.2 ±10.5)to(90.7 ±8.5);function score added from(35.5 ±14.2)to(85.6 ±10.5);there were 21 cases(8 knees)rated as excellent,2(3 knees)as good and 2(3 knees)as fair,and the excel-lent and good rate was 86%.Most of the patients had normal force line of the knee joint,but 2 patients re-mained varus deformity of 5°~10°.Conclusion Satisfying outcome can be achieved by TKA in treating severe genu varus combined with flexion deformity of the knee.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic results of embolectomy and thrombolysis for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in 165 patients. Methods Embolectomy was undertaken with Fogarty catheter in 64 patients while 101 patients were treated by thrombolytic agents. Results Ninety-six cases (58.2%) were followed-up, ranging from 7 months to 218 months with an averge of 71 months including 44 cases undergoing embolectomy and 52 cases receiving thrombolytic agents. Symptoms disappeared in 20.5% of patients in embolectomy group and in 13.5% in thrombolytic group.In embolectomy group,the superficial varicoses and derma pigmentation in lower extremity appeared in 31.8% of patients,while in thrombolytic group the signs appeared in 50.5% of patients, respectively.Conclusions Embolectomy protecting the valve of deep trunk vein in some patients helps to reduce later complications of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.

This paper deals with the ultrastructure of the body wall of adult Pagumogonimus skrjabini by transmission electron microscopy. Infected crabs were collected from Siyen, Hubei Provine, and adult worms were obtained from the lungs of experimentally infected dogs 90 days post-infection.The normal structure of body wall of the P. skrjabini is composed of tegument, tegument cell, musele, muscle cell and protoplasmic tubules, all of which form together syncytium.The tegument contains external plasma membrane, tegument matrix and basal plasma membrane. The cell coat in fine granules is distributed over the whole external plasma membrane surface. The tegument matrix contains various secretory bodies, vesicles and mitochondria. The tegument cell is irregular in shape. Golgi complex, ribosome, autoly-sosome are seen in the cytoplasm. There are two layers of muscle, the external circular muscle and the inner longitudinal muscle layers. The nucleus of immature muscle cell has many heterochromatins, while the nucleus of mature muscle cell is large and round in shaps. Mitochondria and glyco-gen granules are transmitted from muscle cell proper to the muscle by protoplasmic tubules (Figs. 1-7).

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a large group of common hereditary eye diseases with highlyheterogeneous genetic background. Over forty genes with diverse functionalities are associated with RP and they include a set of ubiquitously expressed genes. These include five genes involved in the precursor messenger RNA( premRNA) splicing. Recent progress in disease gene identification for RP has established the involvement of pre-mRNA splicing as one important mechanism in the disease etiology and has shed light on the splicing process itself, a fundamental biological process. To this date, studies in this field have been focused on two major issues. First, how do the mutations of the adRP associated splicing factors (adRP-SF) affect the splicing function? Second, how do the mutations in these ubiquitously expressed genes lead to specific retinopathy? The two topics fit with the two continuous important steps of the disease pathogenesis. Recently, researchers have made a dramatic progress in the first topic. The identification of the SNRNP200 gene,the fifth adRP-SF and its relevant functional study has shown significance to the progress in the study of RP. Numerous investigations are also being carried out in addressing the second issue.Generation of a variety of models led to a better description of the pathological process of the disease. However, in respect to the key pathogenic mechanism,researchers are still puzzled with a number of confusing questions. In this commentary,the results from the latest investigations were summarized, and in particular,the difficulties in studying the molecular mechanism by which the pre-mRNA splicing deficiency causes RP were detailed.