Cell competition is a phenomenon that the expansion of superior cells at the expense of surrounding inferior cells.It makes sense as a mechanism to maximize tissue fitness and optimize organ function.However,disadjust cell competition may also result in proliferation of abnormal cells.If such a cellular activity in model organisms(such as D.melanogaster)does exist in human,it might help to understand the early events of carcinogenesis and explain some pathological findings.It could be useful for early diagnosis and therapy of cancer.

Objective To elucidate the clinical characteristics of patients with empty sella (ES) and to improve the realization of this disease. Methods The clinical data of 44 patients with ES were collected from April 1988 to February 2005 and were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) The patients, including 13 males and 31 females, aged (53±17) years (23-84). The median duration of the disease was 36 months (5-480). (2) The primary ES (93.2%) was more frequent than the secondary ES (6.8%). Among the patients, 19 cases (43.2%) with hypertension and 17 cases (38.6%) with cerebral infarction were found. Twenty-two female cases (71.0%) were multiparous. (3) The symptoms and clinical pictures included obesity (54.5%), dizziness (43.2%), headache (38.6%), impaired eyesight (20.5%) and hypopituitarism crisis (4.5%). (4) Secondary hypothyroidism occurred in 8 cases (22.9%), secondary hypogonadism in 5 cases (14.3%),secondary hypoadrenalism in 3 cases (8.6%) and hyperprolactinemia in 2 cases (5.7%). (5) The diagnosis depended on CT and MRI. The positive rate of pituitary MRI scan was 100%. Conclusions Long-term follow-up for ES cases is necessary. The patients with hypoadenia need to be treated as soon as possible to prevent the hypopituitarism crisis, which seems not to be infrequent and neads paying particular attention.

Objective To investigate the incidence of the common respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infection and to compare the results among different ages and to analyze the relationship between wheezing of children and various viruses.Methods Nasopharyngeal secretions of 618 children with respiratory infection hospitalized were assayed for 7 respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus ,adenovirus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, parainfluenza virus Ⅰ 、 Ⅱ、 Ⅲ.Results (1) A total of 166 cases, affected with viral etiology,were detected in 618 samples,and the total positive rate was 26.86％.The most common virus was RSV (17.96％), followed by PIV Ⅲ (5.99％), IFA (1.62％), ADV (0.81％), PIV Ⅰ (0.49％).Moreover, 1 case infected with RSV and PIVⅠ was included, with the positive rate 0.16％.(2)The positive rates were different in various ages, with 14d ～ ＜ 1-year 35.04％, 1 ～ ＜ 3-year 18.25％, 3 ～ ＜ 6-year 17.11％ and ≥ 6-year 9.26％.(3) There were differences of positive rate of viruses among different respiratory infectious diseases, and capillary bronchitis occupied the highest percentage(47.37％).(4)Among all the detected children, infants were more likely to whee in auscultation of lung, and RSV was the primary etiology.Conclusion RSV,which was the primary viral etiology in children with wheezing, was the most common virus leading to respiratory infection of children, followed by PIV Ⅲ.In the children with respiratory tract infection, the viral infection tends to occur in younger children.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of epicardial adipose tissue(EAT) thickness for the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (RAF) after concomitant valve replacement and bipolar radiofrequency ablation.Methods From January 2012 to May 2014,156 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and organic valvular diseases underwent concomitant valve replacement and successful bipolar radiofrequency ablation in the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu.After 1 year of follow-up,the recurrence of AF was analyzed and the correlation factors were analyzed statistically.Results All patients completed a regular follow-up.During a 12-month follow-up period,RAF was observed in 39 patients (25.0％).Echocardiography-derived regional EAT thickness was significantly greater in RAF patients than that in non-RAF patients((6.9±0.6) mm vs.(5.5±0.7) mm,t=4.649,P＜0.05).The EAT thickness strongly correlated with patients age,body mass index,Ratio of left atrial diameter,mitral diastolic blood flow velocity and early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and thyroglobulin (r =0.62,0.57,0.68,0.59,0.73,0.76;P ＜ 0.05).Cox multivariable analysis showed that,duration of AF history (95％CI:1.01-1.15,P =0.040),left atrial diameter (95％CI:1.07-1.24,P =0.021) and EAT thickness (95％CI:1.05-1.79,P =0.009) were independent predictors of RAF.Conclusion Echocardiography-derived regional EAT thickness combined with left atrial diameter may serve as effective parameters in identifying patients at the highest risk for RAF.

Objective:To design a system of computing and storing wound area. Methods:Visual C++6.0 platform has been used to develop the application.With image processing and by means of ADO, the wound area can be calculated and stored in the Access 2003 databse. Results:The system has achieved the expected effect which can be proved by measuring animal model and saving reaults. It can calculate the wound area and save the relative information fast. Conclusion:This system is qualified for computing and storing wound area and can search the information stored as well. Not only can it provide doctors with accurate information,but also bring patients convenience.

Objective To review the outcome of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using left internal thoracic artery grafts in the patients aged over 70 years old.Methods Two hundred and eighty-eight patients aged over 70 years old from January 2009 to January 2014 who underwent CABG were selected.All of the patients were divided into two groups on base of the graft:control group:only saphenous vein graft was used in 138 cases; observation group:the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery was used in 150 cases,which also included total arterial grafting,facilitated by the use of the radial artery,right gastroepiploic artery was operated in 7 cases,beside these artery grafts,saphenous vein graft was used to anastomosis with other vessels.Results Operative mortality was 2.9％ (4/138) in control group and 2.0％ (3/150) in observation group,and there was no significance (P ＞ 0.05).The volume of blood drainage was larger in observation group [(796.2 ± 382.4) ml] than that in control group [(512.8 ± 387.5) ml],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of second thoractomy,malignant arrhythmia,stroke,poor wound healing,and usage of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion It does not increase the mortality and incidence of serious complications using the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery in the patients aged over 70 years old during CABG.

Carbonic anhydrases(CA)is a zinc-enzyme family。They are involved in multiple aspects of systemic and cellular acid-base balance.This review is a general introduction to the disposition,molecular constitution,biological function and physiological function of CA.

Objective To discuss the value of MRI in clinical diagnosis.Methods Images between CR excretory urography and MRU were compared,which came from the results of 36 cases who were examined by both CR and MRU.Results The spiral MRU images were better than those of the CR excretory urography,and at the same time,the relationship between the parenchyma of the renal,renal pelvis,ureter,bladder and the urinary organs and adjacent tissues were displayed clearly.Conclusion The scanning time of MRI is shorter.The machine can not only reconstruct powerfully but also work out better images,and the result is better than MRI which can't detect pathological changes in detail in its images.Therefore MRI can be replaced by MRU if the higher cost can be afforded.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):80-81]

It is essentially indispensable to use multimedia methods in teaching "Clinical Medicine Outline". Such usage can diversify the teaching approaches and play a very important role in improving teaching methods and deepening students’ comprehension of course knowledge. Some problems existing in application of multimedia in the teaching process need to be settled.

Low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)is a kind of anticoagulant used in both the prevention of clot formation in the blood vessels(thrombosis)and the treatment of conditions caused by clot formation or embolization.They are agents formulated from chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of unfractionated heparin.In the past decade,LMWH has been extensively evaluated in many clinical settings.The applications of LMWH in recent years are reviewed.