Wearing transfemoral prosthesis is the only way to complete daily physical activity for amputees. Motion pattern recognition is important for the control of prosthesis, especially in the recognizing swing phase and stance phase. In this paper, it is reported that surface electromyography (sEMG) signal is used in swing and stance phase recognition. sEMG signal of related muscles was sampled by Infiniti of a Canadian company. The sEMG signal was then filtered by weighted filtering window and analyzed by height permitted window. The starting time of stance phase and swing phase is determined through analyzing special muscles. The sEMG signal of rectus femoris was used in stance phase recognition and sEMG signal of tibialis anterior is used in swing phase recognition. In a certain tolerating range, the double windows theory, including weighted filtering window and height permitted window, can reach a high accuracy rate. Through experiments, the real walking consciousness of the people was reflected by sEMG signal of related muscles. Using related muscles to recognize swing and stance phase is reachable. The theory used in this paper is useful for analyzing sEMG signal and actual prosthesis control.
Artificial Limbs ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Leg ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Walking ; physiology

Cells, Cultured ; Flutamide ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb ; metabolism ; Sp1 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

Objective To study the change of angiotensin Ⅱ in the applications of pumpless ECMO, and its effect on prognosis of the acute respiratory failure. Methods The study was performed in ten dogs [ weight 18 - 35 kg, mean weight ( 23.4 ± 4.7 ) kg].A respiratory failure animal model was established end then was treated by bilateral femoral artery-venous ECMO. Collection right atriurn blood end constitution of lung at different time (before ECMO, during ECMO 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h). Angiotensin Ⅱ content in blood and lung homogenate was detected by radio-immunity mothod. Angiotensin Ⅱ expression loci in lung were detected by immunohistochemistry mothod. Results Angiotensin Ⅱ content in plasma was decreased at completion of the model, it was back up at 1 hour and reached the peak at 3 hours, then it slowly declined. Angiotensin Ⅱ content in lung homogenate increased at the beginning, peaked by 2 hours, end then it decreased. Loci angiotensin Ⅱ in lung by immunohistochemistry were expressed in most of epithelial cells cytoplast of bronchiole dissepimont, smooth muscle cell cytoplast of small blood vessel around it end a few macrophage cytoplasts during the model time..Conclusion It is valuable to measure engiotensin Ⅱ in blood through the bilateral femoral artery-venous ECMO, because it can reflect angiotensin Ⅱ in lung and the resume of lung in certain degree.

Objective To investigate the regulation of miR-1 and miR-133 a on L-type calcium channel β2 subunit ( Cavβ2 ) and α1C subunit during rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy .Methods Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was in-duced by isoproterenol (ISO, 10μmol/L).The targets of miR-1 and miR-133a were predicted by online database microCosm and Targetscan , respectively .The 3′untranslated region sequences of Cavβ2 andα1C were respectively cloned into reporter vector and then transiently transfected into HEK 293 cells.The luciferase activities of samples were measured for demonstrating the expression of luciferase reporter vector .The protein expression of Cavβ2 andα1C were evaluated by Western blot .The expression levels of Cavβ2 andα1C were inhibited by RNAi to determine theeffectsofCavβ2andα1Concardiomyocytehypertrophy.Results 1)Cavβ2wasoneofpotentialtargetsof miR-1,α1C was the one of potential targets of miR-133a.2) The luciferase activities of HEK293 cells with the plasmid containing widetype Cavβ2 3′UTR sequence or α1 C significantly decreased ( P <0.05 , P <0.01 ) . 3 ) Upregulation of the miR-1 and miR-133 a by miR-1 mimic and miR-133 a mimic transfection suppressed pro-tein expression of Cavβ2 and α1C, respectively(P<0.01, P<0.05).4)Downregulation of Cavβ2 andα1C by RNAi could markedly inhibit the increase of cell surface area ( P<0.01 ) , mRNA expression of ANP andβ-MHC (P<0.05).Conclusions Cavβ2 is the target gene of miR-1 and α1C is the target gene of miR-133a.miR-1 and miR-133a can negatively regulate the expression of L-type calcium channel Cavβ2 andα1C subunit, inhibi-ting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

[Objective]To evaluate a preliminary outcome of volar surgical treatment of dorsally displaced fractures of distal radius with open reduction and internal fixation with T shape locking compression plate(TLCP).[Method]From Sept.2003 to Nov.2005,9 cases with dorsally unstable distal radius fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with T-LCP.This study involved 3 males and 6 femals with an average age of 63.5 years(ranged from 52 to 74 years old).According to AO classification: 2 cases of types B2;1 case of type B3;2 cases of type C1;3 cases of type C2;1 case of type C3,all of them were closed fractures of distal radius.The fractures of 9 cases were fixated with T-LCP by volar approach and dorsal soft tissues were not dissected during the operation.The Osteosets and the artificial bone substitute were implanted into bone defects if they were large enough.[Result]Nine cases were followed up for 6 to 17 months and the average time was 10.7 months.The X-ray pictures showed that unions have been achieved in all patients and a mean healing time was 7 weeks.The Osteosets were implanted into large bone defects in one case.No complication was found as infection,non-union,loosing of nails,syndrome of wrist,and medium neuritis.The functional recovery was achieved from 6 to 29 weeks with an average time of 12.5 weeks after operation.Passive wrist motion,active finger motion and forearm rotation were encouraged immediately after surgery.Active wrist motion was suggested in 7 days postoperatively.The clinical outcomes were evaluated according to modified Mcbide grading system.There were 7 excellent,1 good and 1 fair,the satisfactory rate was 88.9%.[Conclusion]The volar fixation of T-LCP for dorsally displaced fractures of distal radius has a good clinical outcome.It allows the patients to begin early exercise.

The aim of this study was to explore the myocardial ultrastructure of experimental uremic rats and the effect of myocardiocyte succinate dehydrogenase(SDH) and free cytosolic calcium changes on membrane channel. By making a uremia model in rats, changes of SDH activation was observed by quantitative enzyme cytochemistry methods and membrane calcium channel was checked by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results showed that with the uremia becoming heavier, myocardiocyte membrane was rolled and broken, myofibrils were swollen and broken. The quantity of mitochondria with SDH products significantly decreased, while activation of cell membrane calcium channel markedly increased and cytosolic calcium piled up. It is suggested that impaired myocardial membrane, decreased contents of mitochondrial function enzyme and cytosolic calcium overload are the pathophisiological basis leading to cardiac dysfunction in uremia.

Hydrodynamic chromatography(HDC) and slalom chromatography(SC) called as dynamic liquid chromatography(DLC) were introduced and reviewed, mainly for the recent development of separation principle, theoretical model, and applications. Fifty two

Churg-Strauss Syndrome ; complications ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Objective To evaluate the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on liver injury induced by lethal hemorrhagic shock in rats first entering high altitude.Methods Forty healthy male SpragueDawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 240-280 g,transported from breeding grounds at an altitude of 1520 meters to the experimental station at an altitude of 3780 meters,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10each):sham operation group (group S),lethal hemorrhagic shock group (group LHS),normal saline group (group NS),and SAHA group.Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of 3% isoflurane and maintained with inhalation of 0.5%-1.0% isoflurane.Lethal hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood from the femoral artery in groups LHS,NS and SAHA.Normal saline 0.25 ml and SAHA 7.5 mg/kg (0.25 ml) were injected intravenously over 2 min after completion of blood-letting in groups NS and SAHA,respectively.The survival rates with 3 h were recorded.Blood samples from femoral veins were taken before blood-letting,immediately after completion of blood-letting and at 3 h after completion of blood-letting (immediately after death if the survival time was less than 3 h) for determination of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities by the colorimetric method.Liver specimens were taken at 3 h after completion of blood-letting or immediately after death for examination of the pathological changes of the liver and for determination of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),phosphorylated-JNK (p-JNK) and caspase-3 expression and acetylation of H3K9 in liver tissues by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the activities of serum AST,ALT and LDH were significantly increased in the other three groups (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with LHS and NS groups,the activities of serum AST,ALT and LDH were significantly decreased,the survival rate within 3 h and acetylation of H3K9 were increased,caspase-3 expression was down-regulated,and p-JNK/JNK ratio was decreased in group SAHA (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The pathological changes of the liver were severe in LHS and NS groups and attenuated in SAHA group.Conclusion Administration of SAHA in early shock can significantly protect the liver after lethal hemorrhage in rats first entering high altitude,and increased acetylation of H3K9 and inhibition of the JNK/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway in liver tissues are involved in the mechanism.