Every year, waters on earth receive large quantities of wastewater from industry, agriculture, fish and poultry raising, and municipal sewage treatment plants. Consequently, the aquatic environment on the earth is under a serious challenge from a very large quantity of pollutants such as antibiotics, insecticides, herbicides, hydrocarbons, etc., contained in the domestic wastewater, industrial and agricultural waste water and illegal effluents. In particular, with the development of intensive aquiculture and poultry, the effluent pollution has recently become more and more serious with more attentions. Furthermore more and more chemical pollutants discharged into aquatic environment have been detected with the advancement of analytical techniques. These chemicals can cause toxic effects on water habitats after discharged into aquatic environment. However, microorganisms have many key functions in pollution control. In this review, applications of microorganism in the degradation of chemicals in aquatic environments are reviewed. It was concluded that most applications of microorganisms degrading chemicals focused on aquaculture waters, whereas other aquatic systems (such as river, lake, sea, coastal waters) have been scarcely studied.

Objective:To provide specific suggestions for the reasonable application of various quality sampling inspection methods for Chinese herbal medicines in order to improve the scientificity of sampling inspection plan. Methods:The sampling inspection pro-gram and the overall quality of Chinese herbal medicines in Hubei province from 2014 to 2016 were reviewed and the existing problems were analyzed, finally, suggestions for improvement were proposed for the future work. Results and Conclusion:The current sampling inspection methods have made certain achievements;however, each method still needs optimization. It is suggested that the supervision sampling inspection be standardized to solidify the basis of sampling inspection, special sampling inspection be arranged periodically to target the complicated and recurring quality issues, and evaluation sampling inspection be strengthened for certain varieties to evaluate the overall quality status and discover the risk signals.

? AIM: To evaluate efficacy of Ranibizumab and Conbercept for wet age-related macular degeneration ( wAMD) .?METHODS: This was a retrospective case series study. Thirty patients ( 30 eyes ) with wAMD were enrolled to receive intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (0.5mg) on 3 consecutive monthly schedule and 28 patients (30 eyes) with wAMD were enrolled to receive intravitreal injections of conbercept ( 0.5mg ) on 3 consecutive monthly schedule.Best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ), optic coherence tomography ( OCT ) measurement were compared at 1mo after injections.?RESULTS: One month after every injection, the BCVA increased while the central macular thickness ( CMT ) decreased compared with those before treatment in group A and B (P<0.05).BCVA and CMT changes between two groups were no statistically different (P>0.05).?CONCLUSION:Ranibizumab and conbercept therapy can control the prognosis of wAMD and improve the vision effectively. There is no statistical difference on the curative effect between two drugs for 3mo.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the management pattern that conducive to the development of the Chinese Herbal Pieces Department.METHODS: The pros and cons of the comprehensive pharmacy management pattern for Chinese Herbal Pieces Department were analyzed.RESULTS: The introduction of the comprehensive pharmacy management pattern in the Chinese Herbal Pieces Department resulted in the reduction of the human,material and financial resources;however,it also led to declining of the quality of the cut crude drug,reduction in drug consumption,lowering of pharmacists' sense of responsibility,presence of more risk factors of dispensing errors,lowering of social concern,weakening of the position of Chinese medicine and marginalization of status of Chinese medicine.CONCLUSION: The inclusion of Chinese Herbal Pieces Department into comprehensive pharmacy management should be carried out with prudence or it might as well to maintain the relative independence of the Chinese Herbal Pieces Department so as to protect and develop the Chinese medicine.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of human interferon alpha-2b in the patients with HPV infection. Methods:Totally 128 patients with HPV infection were divided into two groups by the random number table with 64 cases in each. The patients in the observation group were treated with human interferon alpha-2b and those in the control group were treated with Baofukang suppositories. The course of treatment was 30 days for two groups. The expression level of HPV E6 / E7 mRNA,p16 and p53 before and after the treatment and the severe adverse reactions in each group were studied. Results:The effective rate of the observation group was 93. 75% ,and that of the control group was 84. 38%(P < 0. 05),the effictive rate of the observation group was better than the control group. After the treatment,the median(M)and the positive expression rate of E6 / E7mRNA,p16 and p53 in the two groups were significantly changed when compared with those before the treatment(P < 0. 05),and the difference between the two groups was also significant(P < 0. 05). After treatment the expression and the positive rate of E6 / E7 mRNA P16 and P53 for different types of diseases in two groups were significanst difference(P < 0. 05),comparisons the parameters between groups were significant difference(P < 0. 05). Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b for HPV infection is better and the adverse drug reactions are mild,which can reduce the expression and positive rate of E6 / E7mRNA,p16 and p53 in the patients with HPV infection.

Objective To quantitate platelet GPIIb/IIIa occupancy and to evaluate the performance of the method, and investigate GPIIb/IIIa occupancy for the patients with leukemia.Methods GPIIb/IIIa occupancy was quantified by flow cytometry (FCM) and the method was evaluated according to guidelines published by NCCLS and ICSH; meanwhile,GPIIb/IIIa occupancy for 13 healthy donors and 16 patients with acute leukemia was investigated.Results The results demonstrated coefficients of variation (CV) for within-batch, between-batch and overall imprecision were

Aim The release process of an anticancer agent, DOX_HAP in rabbit liver was observed.Methods DOX and DOX_HAP were separately injectoed into rabbit livers under the guide of B type ultrasound. Dox concentrations in plasma and liver tissue of the rabbits in both groups were measured by fluorescent stectrophotometer and compared. Results The concentration of complex could existed in the liver tissue about 5 d(1 000 ng?g-1) when it was given in a dose of 2 mg?g-1. At the 10 min the concentration in plasma would be reduced about 1/2 as compared with that in the control group. Conclusions The DOX_ HAP complex not only could increase and insist in an effective concentration of DOX at the local injecting area of liver tissue, but also reduce its concerntration in the plasma. Therefore, it could decrease the toxicity and side_effect of DOX.

In order to enhance the survival rate of abalone larvae, antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on the bacteria isolated from whitened postlarvae, biofilm and the pond water of abalone (Haliotis diversicolor superteta) and proven to be virulent pathogens by challenge tests. API tests indicated that the isolates were mainly comprised of Vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the total Vibrio number of which was seventeen and made up about 50% of the total population. Among vibrios, Vibrio alginolyticus was the dominant strain (11 isolates) and made up 70%. Antibiotic susceptibility tests demonstrated that while majority isolates exhibited relatively high sensitivities toward streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamycin, they nevertheless displayed resistance to tetracycline and novobiocin. Results clearly indicated that streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamycin could be potentially used to suppress vibrio growth and hence improve abalone postlarval survival rate.

Objective To study the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic total splenectomy (LTS) and laparoscopic partial splenectomy (LPS) in the diagnosis and treatment of benign splenic tumors by comparing the perioperative and follow-up data between these two operative approaches.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 57 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for benign splenic tumors from December 2009 to April 2016.These patients were divided into the LTS and the LPS groups.The clinical data including the preoperative,intraoperative,postoperative and follow-up data were analyzed.Results When compared with the LPS group,the LTS group had shorter operation time [(97.0 ± 22.1)min vs.(135.0 ± 24.6) min,P ＜ 0.05] and less blood loss [(33.3 ± 19.5) min vs.(90.6 ± 55.1)min,P ＜ 0.05],but there were no significant differences between the two groups in the length of hospital stay,the duration of drainage tube placement,the amount of postoperative analgesics as well as the incidences of pulmonary infection,postoperative pancreatic fistula and other complications after surgery.These incidences were low in the two groups.Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery,including LTS and LPS,were safe and feasible in treating benign splenic tumors.

Objective To explore the methodology of choosing the volume and shape of the mammary implant.Methods The changes of the volume and shape were analyzed in 502 cases of breast augmentation,to find out how to select the volume and shape of the mammary implant.Results The thoracic width H was the most important factor of choosing width of the implant; the SN was the important factor of choosing the height of the anatomic implant; After setting the diameter and height of the implant,a bigger breast could be achieved by increasing the projection of implants.For those very thin females with flat chest, anatomic implants were the better choice. Conclusions Thoracic width,breast volume and other data are the most important factors in choosing the mammary implant.Round and anatomic mammary implants have their specific indications.