Objective To evaluate the effects of tadalafil on chronic allograft vasculopathy. Method The abdominal aorta transplantation was performed on Male Lewis or Brown-Norwai rats as donors and male Male Lewis rats as recipients. The recipients were divided into 3 groups: Group A (Lewis-Lewis)with no treatment ;Group B (BN-Lewis) with no treatment; Group C (BN-Lewis) received tadalafil treatment (0.5 mg/kg per day). The rats were sacrificed at 8 weeks post treatment. The grafted aortas were used for histology and Western blot assay. Plasma cGMP level was detected by ELISA assay. Results The aortas intimal in group C was significantly thinner than that in group B. PKG-Ⅰprotein expression in group C was significantly higher than that in group B. Expression of RhoA in group C was lower than that in group B. Conclusion Tadalafil has positive effect on chronic allograft vasculopathy.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of influenza virus infections in infants and young children during the pandemic period of 2009 influenza A(H1N1)in Beijing.Methods Throat swabs were collected from children visited the affiliated Children's Hospital to Capital Institute of Pediatrics for influenza-like illness from June 1,2009 to February 28,2010.The specific gene segments of 2009 pandemic influenza H1N1 and seasonal influenza viruses were amplified from samples by real-time RT-PCR recommended by WHO and National Influenza Reference Center of China.Results Out of 4363 clinical samples tested by real-time RT-PCR,the total positive rate of influenza A viruses was 29.3%,including 623(14.3%)identified as 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)and 657(15.1%)influenza A viruses without subtype identity.Among those pandemic influenza H1N1 positive,23 were severe cases with 5 deaths.The ages for 618 pandemic influenza H1N1 infected children with completed information were from 14 days to 16 years.The ratio of male to female wag 1.3:1.Among them,25.2% were patients in age group of 1 to 3 years old and distribution of children in age groups of 3 to 6 years old and 6 to 12 years old were similar(about 30.0%).During the survey period,it appeared only one prevalence wave of pandemic influenza H1N1.The positive rate of pandemic H1N1 increased in September and the peak(36.5%of positive rate)was in November and then declined to 2.7%in February 2010.The data from routine influenza virus surveillance from 20-30 clinical samples collected each week indicated an alternative prevalence of seasonal H3N2,pandemic H1N1 and influenza B during this study period.Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)became predominant in children after the circulating of pandemic H1N1.Conclusion There was an epidemic of pandemic influenza H1N1 in children in Beijing from June 2009 to February 2010,especially in those of preschool and school aged children.Seasonal influenza viruses and pandemic influenza H1N1 were contributed alternatively.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect between two approaches for the treatment of supracondylar fractures of humerus by K-wires in children.

METHODSFrom Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006,117 children with supracondylar fractures of humerus were divided into two groups according to different methods of the K-wires fixation involving two K-wires group and three K-wires group. In two K-wires groups,there were 45 children including 31 boys and 14 girls with an average age of 5.6 years ranging from 1 to 11 years; according to Garland classification, 19 cases were type II, 26 cases were type III. In three K-wires groups, there were 72 children including 47 boys and 25 girls with an average age of 6.8 years ranging from 2 to 12 years; according to Garland classification, 22 cases were type II, 50 cases were type II. The movement and carrying angle of elbow joint were measured for all these patients. According to Flynn criteria for supracondylar fracture the results of two approaches with K-wires were compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed-up from 2 to 24 months (means 15.4 months). In two K-wires group, the results of Flynn were excellent in 27 cases, good in 12 cases, fair in 4 cases and poor in 2 cases, 41 cases gained bony healing, however, fail of fixation arosed in 4 cases and cubitus varus arosed in 2 cases. In three K-wires group, the results of Flynn were excellent in 60 cases, good in 11 cases and poor in 1 case, all cases of three K-wires group achieved bony healing after 6 weeks of operation, the function of joints recovered through exercise and cubitus varus arosed in one case after operation.

CONCLUSIONThe technique of fixation with K-wires is a stable and reliable methods for unstable supracondylar fracture but medial-lateral three-pin fixation is better than one with two pins.

Bone Wires ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Infant ; Male

Objective To explore a safe and high efficiency way of gene transfection of autocrine motility factor(AMF) in order to provide experimental basis for transplantation of myoblasts carrying AMF gone. Methods Sprague Dawley rat myoblasts were cultured, purified, proliferated and immunohisto-chemically verified. Then, the myoblasts were transfected with AMF and eGFP (enhanced green fluores-cent protein) gene by FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus). Fluorescence microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope were employed to detect eGFP so as to verify positive transfection rate. Expression of AMF was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results Myoblasts with 98% purity could he ob-tained after two weeks of primary culture and purification. Positive transfection rate reached 90.4% when MOI (multiplicity of infection) was 100 (P <0.01). The transfected AMF gene could express normally. Conclusions Explant culture is a proper way in rat myoblast culture. Meanwhile, AMF gene can he effectively transfected into rat myoblast and well expressed via FIV.

Objective To construct chimerical DNA vaccine plasmid of human papiUomavirus type 11 (HPV11) L1-E7, and to evaluate its immunogenicity. Methods Molecular cloning techniques were used to construct recombinant plasmid PeDNA3 L1-E7 as a DNA vaccine. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with DNA recombinants through muscle injection. IL-2 and γ-INF secreted by immunized spleens lymphocyte and HPV 11 LI or E7 specific antibodies were assayed by ELISA method. Spleens lymphocyte proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Results The chimerical DNA plasmid of pcDNA3 LI-E7 was constructed correctly. Specific anti-HPV11 E7 and L1 antibodies, specific lymphocyte proliferation and secretions of IL-2 and γ-INF were detected in vaccinated mice. Conclusion Specific immune response, including cellular immunity and humoral immunity, could been detected in mice vaccinated with chimerical DNA vaccine of pcDNA3 L1-E7.

Objective To explore the changes in regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF)and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with CCVI.Methods Twenty patients diagnosed as CCVI were enrolled to undergo single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)rCBF imaging or transcranial Doppler uhrasonography(TCD)examination.All the patients were free from cerebral structural abnormalities as demonstrated by X-CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Cranial arteries blood flow velocity,pulsating index(PI)were measured by TCD and compared with the mean of rCBF as measured by SPECT.Results On SPECT images, decreased rCBF lesions were found in 95 percent of patients(19/20).The areas of hypoperfusion were mainly located in frontal,temporal,parietal lobes and fondues nodus.Increased cranial arteries blood flow velocity was found in the anterior cerebral artery(ACA)and middle cerebral artery(MCA)in 80 percent of patients (16/20).There were no correlations among rCBF,the decreased percentage of rCBF,average velocity,and PI of cranial arteries.Conclusions By performing SPECT rCBF and TCD on CCVI patients,the degree of changes in rCBF and hemodynamics Can be evaluated easily,which is valuable for early clinical diagnosis and treatment of CCVI.

OBJECTIVETo expore the prevention of ulnar nerve injury during fixation of supracondylar fracture in children by a medial-lateral three-pin fixation technique.

METHODSEighty-one patients including 54 boys and 27 girls with average age of 6 years old (2.5 to 11 years)were treated by a three-pin fixation technique with insertion of two Kirscher wires from the lateral side and the third wire through the medial side. They were followed-up without any complications related to the ulnar nerve. According to Garland system, there were 25 cases of type II supracondylar fracture and 56 of type III. All patients were treated by a medial-lateral three-pin fixation technique, and external fixation with plaster for 3 weeks.

RESULTSAll cases achieved immediate stability and long-term bony fusion postoperatively and no iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury happen.

CONCLUSIONThe technique is a stable and reliable methods for unstable supracondylar fracture and the iatrogenic injury ulnar nerve can be avoided completely.

Bone Nails ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Humerus ; injuries ; innervation ; surgery ; Internal Fixators ; Intraoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Male ; Trauma, Nervous System ; prevention & control ; Ulnar Nerve ; injuries

OBJECTIVETo explore association genetic polymorphism of XPD with chromosomal damage in workers exposed to radiation.

METHODS182 workers exposed to radiation for at least one year with chromosomal damage were selected as cases based on a general health examination for all workers exposed to radiation in Tangshan city. The control group without chromosomal damage was matched to case by age (within 5 years), sex, work unit, type of exposed to radiation, cumulate serve length (within 1 year) according to 1:1. The micro whole blood cultivation was used for the chromosome analysis. The chromosome aberration type and rate were observed and counted. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to examine the genotype of three XPD loci (751, 312 and 156).

RESULTSThe frequency of XPD 751 AA in cases was higher than that in controls (P < 0.05). The frequency of 751 allele in case group was statistically higher than that in the control groups (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found in the frequencies of XPD 312 genotype and allele between the case and control group (P > 0.05). 156 mutant gene type in case group was higher than that in the control groups. The frequency of 156 A allele in case group were higher than that of the control groups (P < 0.05). The frequency of genotype with both 751AA and 156CA or 751AA and 156AA was higher in cases than that of controls (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONXPD 751AA genotype is a possible risk factor for radiation-induced chromosomal damage. XPD 156 mutant gene type is a possible risk factor for radiation-induced chromosomal damage. Individuals with both XPD 751AA and 156 (CA+AA) genotypes are susceptible to radiation-induced chromosomal damage. No association of XPD 312 polymorphism with radiation-induced chromosomal damage is found.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Aberrations ; radiation effects ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Radiation ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein ; genetics ; Young Adult

AIMTo explore the effect of chronic hypoxic hypercapnia on learning-memory and the possible mechanisms involved.

METHODSFifty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Normal control group (NC, n=18), 2-week (2HH, n=18), and 4-week hypoxic hypercapnia (4HH, n=20) group. The rats, spatial learning-memory tasks were assessed by the Morris water maze. The expression of NMDAR1mRNA was determined by hybridization in situ.

RESULTSCompared with NC group, rats exposed to chronic hypoxic hypercapnia displayed significant impairment in their performance assessed by two measures: mean escape latencies (2HH: 38.59 +/- 8.35 s, 4HH: 60.59 +/- 17.28 s) and swim path distances(2HH: 9893.45 +/- 1958.16 mm, 4HH: 18077.57 +/- 6878.85 mm). The expression level of NMDAR1mRNA in the hippocampus and cortex were lower than those in the NC group, especially, the NMDAR1mRNA expression of hippocampus CA1 in 4HH decreased by 21.4% (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONChronic hypoxic hypercapnia could impair the rat spatial learning-memory and the decrease in expression of NMDAR1mRNA might be involved in.

Animals ; Hypercapnia ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate two polymorphism sites of exon 4 in T cells, immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein-1 (TIM-1, also human hepatitis A virus cellular receptor-1) and to detect whether they are associated with allergic asthma in children of the Hans in Hubei province of China.

METHODSThe ins/del and IVS 8+9 G/A polymorphisms in TIM-1 were detected with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). The genotypes and alleles frequencies were calculated and analyzed.

RESULTS(1) Two alleles, a wide type del and a variant allele ins were identified in the TIM-1 exon 4. The genotype frequencies of ins/ins, ins/del, and del/del were 0.065,0.326, and 0.608 respectively in the healthy population of the Hans. Another IVS 8/9 G/A polymorphism was also found. The genotype frequencies of A/A, G/A, G/G were 0.022, 0.196 and 0.783, respectively. (2) The genotype frequencies of ins/ins, ins/del, and del/del were 0.045, 0.318, and 0.636 respectively in the allergic asthma population in children of the Hans. No significant difference in ins/del polymorphism was found between allergic asthma patients and control subjects. Another 8/9 IVS G/A polymorphism was also found. The genotype frequencies of A/A, G/A and G/G were 0.009, 0.209 and 0.782 respectively in allergic asthma. No significant difference in IVS G/A polymorphism was found between allergic asthma patients and control subjects.

CONCLUSIONThe genotype and allele frequencies in the two polymorphism sites in TIM-1 in healthy population of the Hans from Hubei province of China were similar to those in Japanese. The two polymorphism sites of TIM-1 are not associated with allergic asthma in Chinese children.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length