Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of tulobuterol tape on mild or moderate bronchial asthma in children less than three years old . Methods Sixty-two children with mild or moderate asthma were randomized to receive either tulobuterol tape(treatment group) or procaterol hydrochloride tablet(control group) on the basis of inhaled fluticasone propionate for 2 weeks. Symptom scores of asthma, frequencies of episode of wheeze, doses of inhaled ventolin as rescue drug and the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded. Results In the treatment group,the symptom scores during daytime in the treatment group were (2. 2 ±0. 9)/week and (0. 9 ±0. 5)/week after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, respectively, which were significantly lower than that in the control group(3.4 ± 1. 1)/week and (1. 3 ± 0. 6)/week after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, respectively) (P < 0. 05). The symptom scores during night in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group after one week of treatment (1. 8 ± 0. 7) /week v. s. (3. 3 ± 0. 9) /week, P < 0. 05). The frequencies of episode of wheeze was significantly different between the two groups (2. 3 ±1.2 and 3. 6 ± 1.3 in the treatment and control groups, respectively (P < 0.05) .The doses of inhaled ventolin in the treatment group (2. 6 ±0.9 spray/week) was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.7 ± 0. 8) spray/week) (P < 0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (3. 12% v. s. 23. 33% ,x2 = 3. 89,P<0.05). Conclusions Tulobuterol tape is a safe and effective medication for the treatment of mild or moderate bronchial asthma in children less than three years old.

OBJECTIVE:To promote essential drug list into practice.METHODS:Relevant problems on the selection of National Essential Drug List were explored and analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:There are some problems on coordination of safety and effectiveness of drugs,price and the selection of traditional Chinese medicine.The advantage of first choice of essential drugs is not reflected completely.Large or small problems exist in selection process and individual drug verification.There was low credibility of drug evaluation.On the whole,the selection and formulation of essential drug list should be adjusted and improved continuously to guarantee the requirement of public medication.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the problems of TCM injection included in Primary Medical Institutions Parts of National Essential Drugs List(2009 edition).METHODS:Danshen injection was taken as an example.The chemical composition of it (including water-soluble ingredients,fat-soluble components,other types of compounds,inorganic elements,proteins,tannins,polysaccharides,volatile oil),adverse reactions and quality standards were analyzed to investigate the problems of TCM injection included in Primary Medical Institutions Parts of National Essential Drugs List(2009 edition).RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Complex chemical composition of TCM injection and poor controlled quality standards require the further study.Because the safety of TCM injection is difficult to be guaranteed,it is necessary that reevaluation,research,consolidation of TCM injection.

AIM:To gain the molecular mechanism of active ingredients of EGb 761(ginkgo flavones and ginkgo lides) for the inhibition against A?_(1-42) aggregation and fibrogenesis.METHODS:Circular dichroism spectra(CD) and FI-IR were used to curve-fit and analyze the change in A?_(1-42) second structure under A? aged condition and intervention of ginkgo flavones and ginkgo lides.RESULTS:Analysis that was made of 1700-1600 m(-1) amide-Ⅰ-band and curve fitting indicated that after 30 min to 72-incubation,increase of ?-sheet in A?_(1-42) by(18.5%),but the reduction of ?-sheet by(50.95%) and(36.09%) in 72 h incubation with ginko flavones and ginkgo lides,respectively.And increase of ?-turn by(56.56%) and(46.56%) in sane condition.CONCLUSION:Obviously,?-sheet turned into ?-turn.-CH_2 and-CH groups of ketones and alkanes engaged in A?_(1-42) molecular change.

were no significant differences in the detection rate of recto-sigmoid colon,mid colon,right colon and total detection of polyps among the 3 groups (P >0.05).Conclusion 4-L split-dose PEG is better than the oth-er 2 regimens in the colon cleansing quality,so it can better reach the intestinal cleaning standards before enteroscopy,which is a more suitable regimen for bowel preparation.

Objective:To establish a rat model of neurogenic bladder and analyze the changes in kidney morphology and function and the expression of proteins in AngiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)/transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smads pathway.Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental group (spinal nerve amputation, n=36) and control group (sham operation, n=12). At 6, 12, and 24 weeks, the bladder compliance was measured by cystometry, the kidney morphology was detected by B-ultrasound, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) in blood samples were examined, the kidney pathological changes were detected by Masson and HE staining, the distribution of AngⅡ/TGF-β1/Smads pathway proteins was analyzed by immunohistochemisty, and the protein expressions in kidney were detected by Western blotting. Results:Urodynamics showed that the basic bladder pressure in experimental group was higher than that in control group. B-ultrasound showed that compared with the control group, the diameter of the renal pelvis of the rats with nerve dissection gradually increased ( P<0.05), and the hydronephrosis was gradually obvious. Compared with the control group, the BUN and Scr in experimental group gradually increased (both P<0.01). Masson and HE staining showed that compared with the control group, the collagen expression and renal tubulointerstitial scores in experimental group were gradually increased (both P<0.01). Immunohistochemisty showed that compared with the control group, in experimental group the expression of angiotensinⅡ receptor type 1 (AT1), TGF-β receptor 1(TGF-βR1), phosphorylated Smad2 gradually increased (all P<0.01), the pathway inhibitor Smad6 gradually decreased ( P<0.01), and the distribution of each protein in kidney was consistent. Western blotting showed a corresponding expression trend with immunohistochemisty. Conclusions:In neurogenic bladder caused by bilateral spinal nerve amputation, due to bladder dysfunction, increased bladder pressure induces hydronephrosis, destruction of the nephron structure, activation of AngⅡ/TGF-β1/Smads pathway, and renal fibrosis. This method is effective and has clinical similarities, laying a foundation for exploring neurogenic bladder treatment.