Diarrhea in diabetes is a complication occurring at the advanced stage of diabetes.It has a increasing incidence and results in great pain in patients.So,going over the effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction and Gegen Qinlian Decoction has signif icance in clinic practice.

Objective To investigate the association between drainage volume and removal of chest tube after video-as?sisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) lobectomy. Methods Patients with VATS were randomly divided into three groups:the drainage volume was less than 100 mL/24 h (group A), the drainage volume was more than 100 mL/24 h but less than 200 mL/24 h(group B) and the drainage volume was more than 200 mL/24 h but less than 300 mL/24 h (group C). According to in?clusion criteria and exclusion criteria, finally there were 90 patients in group A, 87 patients in group B and 83 patients in group C. The duration of chest-tube drainage, the occurrence of pulmonary infection, pulmonary atelectasis, pneumothorax, hydrothorax, seepage or delayed union after removal of chest tube, the dosage of analgesic and the length of hospital stay af?ter surgery were recorded. Data were analyzed statistically. Results The average durations of chest-tube drainage were (91.76±15.59)h, (84.17±18.33)h and (56.14±12.25)h, the average morphine consumptions were (236.82±67.20)mg, (187.36± 76.64)mg and (139.29±52.74)mg, and the average lengths of hospital stay after surgery were (11.47±1.90)d, (10.68±2.50)d and (10.23 ± 2.14)d for three groups of patients, respectively. And the indexes in group C were distinctly lower than those in group A and group B (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in pulmonary atelectasis, the occurrence of postopera?tive pulmonary infection, pneumothorax, hydrothorax, seepage or delayed union after removal of chest tubes between three groups of patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion It is safe and acceptable that the removal of chest tube after VATS when the drainage volume reaches 300 mL within 24 h.

AIM:To investigate the role of anti-miR-21 oligonucleotide ( AMO) in the anti-leukemic activity of decitabine (DCA) in vitro.METHODS:AMO and scramble oligonucleotide (SCR) were constructed and transfected into HL-60 cells.The miR-21 expression was analyzed by real-time PCR to identify the transfection efficiency .The cells were treated with DCA at gradient concentrations (0.5, 2.0 and 4.0 μmol/L) for 48 h.The mRNA expression of human period circadian protein 3 (hPer3) was detected by real-time PCR.The early apoptotic rates were determined by flow cy-tometry with Annexin V/PI staining.Mean fluorescence intensities ( MFI) of CD117 and CD11b were also measured by flow cytometry.RESULTS:The miR-21 relative expression level in AMO group was significantly lower than that in blank group and SCR group (P<0.01).IC50 of DCA in AMO group was significantly lower than that in blank group and SCR group (P<0.01).With the same concentration of DCA, the early apoptotic rate, the mRNA expression of hPer3 and the MFI of CD11b in AMO group were significantly higher than those in blank group and SCR group (P<0.01).The MFI of CD117 in AMO group were significantly lower than those in blank group and SCR group ( P<0.01 ) .CONCLUSION:Activation of hPer3 expression plays an important role in enhanced anti-leukemic activity of decitabine by AMO in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the role of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway in spinal neurons in morphine tolerance (MT) in mice.Methods Pathogen-free healthy female Kunming mice,weighing 20-25 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were used in the study.MT was induced with morphine 10 mg/kg injected subcutaneously twice a day for 7 consecutive days.The experiment was performed in two parts.Experiment Ⅰ Forty-eight mice were randomly assigned into 2 groups:control group (group C,n =8) and MT group (group M,n=40).The thermal pain threshold (TPT) was measured at 1 day before morphine injection and 1,3,5,7 and 14 days after the end of injection.Eight mice in each group were sacrificed at 2 h after measurement of TPT at each time point after the end of injection in group M or at 2 h after the last measurement of TPT in group C,and the lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed.Experiment Ⅱ Forty-eight mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n=8 each):SHH inhibitor cyclopamine plus MT group (group CP+M),cyclopamine solvent plus MT group (group D1 +M),SHH agonist SAG plus MT group (group SAG+M),SAG solvent plus MT group (group D2+M),MT plus cyclopamine group (group M+CP) and morphine plus cyelopamine solvent group (group M+D1).At 15 min before morphine injection,cyclopamine 10 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in group CP+M,and SAG 5 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously in group SAG+M.Cyclopamine 10 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously once a day during the 1-3 days after the end of morphine injection in group M+CP.The TPT was measured before injection of morphine,at 30 min after the first injection of morphine every day and at 1-3 days after the end of morphine injection.The animals were sacrificed at 2 h after the last measurement of TPT,and the lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of SHH signaling pathway-related proteins SHH,ptch1,smo,gli1 and gli3 using Western blot.Results Experiment Ⅰ Compared with group C,the TPT was significantly decreased at 1 and 3 days after the end of morphine injection (P＜0.05),no significant change was found in TPT at 5-14 days after the end of morphine injection (P＞0.05),and the expression of SHH,smo and glil at 1-5 days after the end of morphine injection,of ptchl at 1 and 3 days after the end of morphine injection and of gli3 at 7 days after the end of morphine injection was up-regulated in group M (P＜0.05).Experiment Ⅱ Compared with group D1+M,the TPT was significantly increased,the expression of SHH,ptchl,smo and glil was down-regulated,and gli3 expression was up-regulated in group C P+M (P＜0.05).Compared with group D2+M,the TPT was significantly decreased,the expression of SHH,ptch1,smo and glil was up-regulated,and gli3 expression was down-regulated in group SAG+M (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group M+CP and group M+D1 (P＞0.05).The TPT was significantly lower on 3rd-7th days after beginning of morphine injection and 1-3 days after the end of morphine injection than at 30 min after the first injection of morphine in group CP+M (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism underlying the development of MT is partially related to activation of SHH signaling pathway in spinal neurons of mice,however,the maintenance mechanism has no marked relationship with it.

Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of diabetes and pre-diabetes among migrating population in Inner Mongolia.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling on different industries.Each industry would have the same sample size.Questionnaire survey was performed together with anthropometric data gathered and laboratory tests completed.Results The prevalence rates of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) among the migrating population in Inner Mongolia were 12.5％ and 12.8％ with the age-standardized rate as 9.9％ and 9.9％.The prevalence of diabetes increased significantly along with the increase of age among both males and females (x2=11.162,P=0.001),but was significantly higher in males.The prevalence of IGR in females was significantly higher than in males.The prevalence of diabetes among the construction industry workers was 19.2％,which was the highest among all the industries.The prevalence of diabetes was higher in the inter-province pre-migrating group,while the prevalence of IGR was increasing along with the duration of migration in the intra-province migration group with the trend as x2=9.989,P=0.002.Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes among the migrating population in Inner Mongolia seemed to be high,close to the level of urban residents.The prevalence rates of diabetes in the population of middle-aged and aged population as well as workers at the construction industry were higher than that in the other populations.The prevalence of diabetes and IGR among the migration population were related to the area where the migration population the in-coming areas Inter-provincial migration had a higher contribution to the prevalence of diabetes.

Objective To investigate the evaluation and suggestion of the courses of Chinese Medicine for clinical students majoring in medical college. Methods In January 2017, at the end of the Chinese Medicine courses, a total of 35 clinical students of Capital Medical University were investigated through a questionnaire, mainly related to students' understanding of Chinese medicine; evaluation and suggestions for Chinese Medicine education and teaching. Results The majority of students believed that Chinese medicine was safe and effective. The proportion of believing worthing learning that the Chinese medicine accounted for 94.3% (33/35), and who believed Chinese medicine helpful for the clinical work accounted for 82.9% (29/35). However, the proportion of satisfaction with the current teaching method was 60% (21/35). Conclusions Most of the clinical students in this investigation have recognized the role of Chinese medicine, and have shown great interest in studying the course, but they are not satisfied with the current teaching. To improve the teaching quality of Chinese Medicine through the reform should be the direction of teachers' efforts in the future.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of isorhapontigenin (ISO) in the protection of mice from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro with different concentrations of ISO and the viability of the cells was measured by CCK-8 assay.Further,RAW264.7 cells were induced with 200 ng/ml LPS and then treated with ISO and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA).Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),P65,phospho-P56 (p-P65),IκB,phospho-IκB (p-IκB),inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1)] and autophagy markers (LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ,Beclin1,and P62).The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of the cells was measured with the DCFH-DA probe.The mouse model of ALI was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (15 mg/kg).The pathological changes of the lung tissue were observed via HE staining.The expression of inflammatory cytokines and autophagy markers in the lung tissue was determined by Western blotting and the content of ROS in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by flow cytometry. Results ISO down-regulated the expression of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,iNOS,COX-2,and HMGB1 and inhibited the ROS production in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (all P<0.05).Furthermore,it promoted the expression of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and Beclin1 and inhibited the expression of P62,thereby activating autophagy (all P<0.05).However,the addition of 3-MA up-regulated the expression of p-P65/P65,p-IκB,iNOS,COX-2,and HMGB1,down-regulated that of IκB (all P<0.001),and promote the production of ROS.ISO mitigated the pathological changes in the lung tissue of ALI mice.It down-regulated the expression of p-P65/P65,p-IκB,iNOS,COX-2,and HMGB1 and up-regulated that of IκB in the lung tissue (all P<0.001) and decreased the ROS production in BALF.However,such protective effect was reversed by 3-MA. Conclusion ISO may induce autophagy of macrophages to protect mice from LPS-induced ALI.
Animals ; Mice ; Acute Lung Injury/pathology* ; Beclin-1/pharmacology* ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism* ; Cytokines ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6 ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lung/pathology* ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*

Sepsis-induced liver injury (SILI) is an important cause of septicemia deaths. BaWeiBaiDuSan (BWBDS) was extracted from a formula of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Lilium brownie F. E. Brown ex Miellez var. viridulum Baker, Polygonatum sibiricum Delar. ex Redoute, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Amygdalus Communis Vas, Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC., and Cortex Phelloderdri. Herein, we investigated whether the BWBDS treatment could reverse SILI by the mechanism of modulating gut microbiota. BWBDS protected mice against SILI, which was associated with promoting macrophage anti-inflammatory activity and enhancing intestinal integrity. BWBDS selectively promoted the growth of Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) in cecal ligation and puncture treated mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation treatment indicated that gut bacteria correlated with sepsis and was required for BWBDS anti-sepsis effects. Notably, L. johnsonii significantly reduced SILI by promoting macrophage anti-inflammatory activity, increasing interleukin-10⁺ M2 macrophage production and enhancing intestinal integrity. Furthermore, heat inactivation L. johnsonii (HI-L. johnsonii) treatment promoted macrophage anti-inflammatory activity and alleviated SILI. Our findings revealed BWBDS and gut microbiota L. johnsonii as novel prebiotic and probiotic that may be used to treat SILI. The potential underlying mechanism was at least in part, via L. johnsonii-dependent immune regulation and interleukin-10⁺ M2 macrophage production.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.016.].