Objective To investigate the possible role of leukocytes, a important cellular component of the blood, in the induction of microcirculatory disturbances in noise-exposed cochleae. Methods Guinea pigs were exposed to a 4 kHz narrow band noise at 115 dB SPL for 4 hours, and the exposed cochleae were collected at 2 or 4 days after the noise exposure. Several techniques (cell viability assay, fluorescent labeling for blood plasma and for hair cell nuclei) were used to examine morphological changes in microvessels in the spiral lamina and in the stria vascularis as well as the hair cell nuclei. Results In noise-exposed cochleae, aggregatad leukocytes were found in the vessels of the spiral lamina. In the up-stream of the vessels with aggregated leukocytes, red blood cells were tightly packed, causing an increase in vessel diameters. Most leukocytes were located within the lumen of vessels, but some of them infiltrated the spiral lamina, usually alongside the vessels. Cell viability, assessed by trypan blue staining, showed that these plugged leukocytes lost their viability. In contrast, no leukocytes aggregated in the vessels of the stria vascularis, nor did leukocytes lose their viability. Conclusion In the cochleae exposed to intense noise, leukocytes were trapped in the vessels of the spiral lamina, leading to disturbance of blood flow. The involvement of leukocytes in local damaging processes and the fate of leukocytes need further studies.

Mean flow rate (MFR) ,vocal intensity (I) ,pitch frequency(P) ,pitch perturbation (PP) and vocal efficiency (I/F) were measured simutaneously during sustained phonation of the vowel [i] at wide range levels of intensities in 158 nor mal subjects and the same parameters were measured at moderate vocal intensity level in 136 patients with various kinds of laryngeal diseases. PP indicates the amount of irregular vibration of vocal folds and I/F represents efficient transition from MFR to acoustic energy. When phonation at different intensities ,MFR,P and I/F increase but PP decreases when I increases. At moderate intensity phonation, there are positive correlations between MFR and I,and between I and P but negative correlation between MFR and I/F,between I(male) and PP,and between P(fe-male) and PP.Most of the patients with laryngeal diseases showed higher MFR and PP but lower I/F than normal subjects.MFR, PP and I/F could be used as objective and quantitative parameters with I and P as reference parameters in assessing laryngeal function of phonation.

Objective To observe the 3 years or more effects on optical correction,refraction,and orthokeratology with rigid gas permeable contact lens(RGPCL) wearing in patients with keratoconus.Design Retrospective case series.Participant 73 keratoconus patients(136 eyes) fitted with RGPCL.Methods Patients wearing RGPCL for 3 years or more in Peking University Optometry & Ophthalmology Center were observed.Correct visual acuity was determined before and at 1,2 and 3 years of lens wearing,and the refractive power,corneal curvature,corneal astigmatism and corneal morphological changes were measured with auto-refractomer/keratometer and keratoconus screening analysis system of computer-assisted corneal topography at the same time.The changes of base curve and RGPCL power were also compared.All patients were divided into mild keratoconus group(Group A),moderate and severe keratoconus group (Group B).Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity,refractive power,base curve of RGPCL,corneal topography parameters.Results The patients wore RGPCL for 49.3?15.3 months(36-76 months).At the initial visit,uncorrected visual acuity(UVA) was 3.76?0.45, corrected visual acuity with spectacles(SPVA) was 4.57?0.53,and with RGPCL(RGPVA) was 4.89?0.14.RGPVA was improved significantly (F=171.994,P=0.000).RGPVA at last visit(4.95?0.11) was better than that at initial visit(t=-6.733,P=0.000),which was more significant in group B than that in group A.The rate for RGPVA more than 0.8 at the initial,1 year,2 years and 3 years of lens wearing was 85.13%,86.76%,85.60%and 84.62%respectively.At the initial visit and last visit,the myopia diopters and the corneal astigmatism were 7.13?4.01D vs.6.23?3.42D(P=0.014) and 6.23?3.24D vs.4.42?2.34D(P=0.000) respectively.The RGPCL base curve and lens power were 7.38?0.50 mm vs.7.54?0.42 mm(P=0.000),and -6.22?3.59 D vs.-5.33?3.09 D(P=0.000) respectively. The changes of power and base curve of lens in group B were more significant than that in group A.The decrease of 9 corneal topography parameters between initial visit and last visit was significant statistically(all P

Objective: To establish a RP-HPLC for determination of bergenin in Rodgeris aesculifolia batal from different sources. Methods : Chromatographic conditions were as follows: C 18 column(5?m, 4.6mm?150mm,i.d), was adopted, mobile phase consisted of 25% ethanol and 75% water. The column temperature was set at (30?1)?C. The flow rate was 1.0mL?min -1 and the detection wavelength was at 275nm. Results : The method was proved to be linear in the range of 0.8～4.0?g with a regression coefficient of 0.9993. The average recovery was 99.95% with RSD 3.0%( n =5). The minimum detection limit was 0.1ng. Conclusion : The method is proved to be quick, simple and highly sensitive. There is some relationship between the bergenin contant and different sources of raw materials.

This study measured the in vitro inhibitory effects of α-amylase(AM), α-glycosidase(AG)and aldose reductase(AR)extraction from Potentilla fruticosa in three solvents: water extract(WE)and 95% methanol extraction of petroleum ether part(MEP), 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part(MEE)and 95% methanol extraction of water part(MEW)through α-amylase inhibitors(AMI), α-glycosidase inhibitors(AGI)and aldose reductase inhibitors(ARI)activity screening models. In vivo effects of different solvents from Potentilla fruticosa on impaired glucose tolerance of mice were also measured. Among them, WE, MEP and MEE exhibited against AMI activity with IC50 values of 0. 432, 1. 193 and 0. 507 mg/mL, respectively. Three solvents against AGI activity with IC50 values of 0. 164, 0. 768 and 0. 466 mg/mL, respectively. Three solvents against ARI activity with IC50 values of 0. 742, 2. 158 and 1. 098 mg/mL, respectively. The study suggests that Potentilla fruticosa in water extract and 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on AM, AG and AR. Meanwhile, Potentilla fruticosa in water extract and 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part can be significantly decreased the postprandial blood glucose in mice.

Since 2016, a number of studies have been published on standard decoctions used in Chinese medicine. However, there is little research on statistical issues related to establishing the quality standards for standard decoctions. In view of the currently established quality standard methods for standard decoctions, an improvement scheme is proposed from a statistical perspective. This review explores the requirements for dry matter yield rate data and index component transfer data for the application of two methods specified in “Technical Requirements for Quality Control and Standard Establishment of Chinese Medicine Formula Granules,” which include the average value plus or minus three times the standard deviation (X-±3SD) or 70% to 130% of the average value (X-±30%X-). The square-root arcsine transformation method is used as an approach to solve the problem of unreasonable standard ranges of standard decoctions. This review also proposes the use of merged data to establish a standard. A method to judge whether multiple sets of standard decoction data can be merged is also provided. When multiple sets of data have a similar central tendency and a similar discrete tendency, they can be merged to establish a more reliable quality standard. Assuming that the dry matter yield rate and transfer rate conform to a binomial distribution, the number of batches of prepared slices that are needed to establish the standard decoction quality standard is estimated. It is recommended that no less than 30 batches of prepared slices should be used for the establishment of standard decoction quality standards.

Objective: To investigate blood pressure and vascular remodeling of OSAS by establishing the chronic-intermittent hypoxia model in rat. Methods: Experiments were performed on 35 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: unhandled control group (with 5 rats in it), CIH group at 9/6/3 weeks (with 10 ratsin each group). Rats in CIH group went through 8-hour intermittent hypoxia everyday, and those in control group were raising normally. After 9-week experiment, blood pressure was measured. The changes of the following indexes were observed: pathological changes of aorta and the middle aorta thickness (HE staining), the collagen of aorta wall (Masson staining). The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0 statistical software. The variance was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, and the irregularity was selected using the calibration t test. Results: The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the CIH9, 6, and 3 weeks groups and the control group were: (127±13) and (79±9), (124±11) and (81±7), (101±11) and (75±9), (91±10) and (65±9) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the rats in the week of CIH 9 and 6 weeks were significantly higher than the control group (F=14.64, P=0.000; F=6.81, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the mean blood pressure between the three groups of CIH and the control group. Membrane thickness in CIH9, 6 and 3 weeks and control group were: (20±2), (19±2), (14±2), (13±3) μm. Compared with the control group, the aortic pathology and thickness of the middle layer of the CIH9 and 6 weeks group were significantly thicker (F=20.24, P=0.000), but there was no significant difference between the CIH3 week group and the control group; the collagen deposition was unchanged compared with the control group. Conclusion Intermittent hypoxia for 6 weeks or more in rats resulted in the increasement of blood pressure, morphological changes of aorta and vascular remodeling in thickened media.

Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy