A 36-year-old female presented with multiple dark brown papules on the chest and abdomen for more than 10 years,which had gradually increased in number.Physical examination revealed dozens of dark brown,flat papules measuring 1-3 mm in diameter in the chest and abdomen.Most of the lesions had a smooth surface,and some lesions gave a papilloma-like appearance,with no confluent trend.Biopsy of abdominal lesions showed mild hyperkeratosis of epidermis,acanthosis,extension of epidermal protrusions forming a reticulated appearance,horn pseudocysts in prickle cell layer,enhanced pigmentation of basal layer,and a sparse lymphocytic perivascular infiltrate in superficial dermis.A diagnosis of dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) was made.

Attenuation reflectance Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry(ATR FTIRs) combined with clustering analysis was used to identify genus Zanthoxlum .The dendrogram of clustering analysis showed that there were obvious difference between genus different species of Zanthoxlum . The results are consistent with that of morphologic study and analyzing.This method is rapid, simple, effective and can be used for the identification of crude drugs.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic outcomes and adverse effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (hd-IVIg) in the treatment of some severe skin diseases (toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, connective tissue disease, autoimmune bullous disease, acute graft-versus-host disease). Methods Twenty-five cases of severe skin diseases were treated with hd-IVIg (0.4 g/kg/day for a course of 5 days). Results The therapeutic outcomes were different from each other. Of all the cases, 21 improved, especially those of acute onset of toxic epidermal necrolysis and drug hypersensitivity syndrome; 1 adult dermatomyositis and 2 elder bullous pemphigoid were not relieved. A patient with acute graft-versus-host disease died. Three patients presented with minor adverse effects (headache and blood pressure rising). Conclusions hd-IVIg is effective and safe in the treatment of some severe skin diseases. More importantly, it has a substantial effect on shortening disease course and decreasing the dosage of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants as well as on preventing infections.

Objective To detect the mRNA and protein expressions of desmoglein 1 (DSG1) and DSG3 in different types of keratinocytes (KCs).Methods Two keratinocyte cell lines HaCaT and A431,as well as primary keratinocytes from human abdomenal skin served as the object of this study.Direct immunofluorescence assay was performed to observe and quantify the expressions of DSG1 and DSG3,and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to determine the mRNA expressions of DSG1 and DSG3,in these cells.Results Both DSG1 and DSG3 were expressed in all the three types of keratinocytes,and the fluorescence intensity of DSG1 and DSG3 in HaCaT cells was higher than that in primary keratinocytes but lower than that in A431 cells.Similarly,all the keratinocytes expressed DSG1 and DSG3 mRNA,with the relative expression levels of DSG1 and DSG3 mRNA in primary keratinocytes being 291.7％ and 237.4％ of those in HaCaT cells respectively (both P ＜ 0.01),and those in A431 cells being 0.1％ and 18.8％ of those in HaCaT cells respectively (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HaCaT cells,A431 cells and primary keratinocytes all can be used for the study of DSG1 and DSG3,of which,A431 cells show the strongest expressions of DSG1 and DSG3,and primary keratinocytes display the highest expressions of DSG1 and DSG3 mRNAs.

Objective To study the ability of standard strain and clinical isolates of Ureaplasma spp. to form biofilms in vitro and to compare the antibiotic susceptibility of sessile cells and their planktonic counterparts. Methods A total of 21 Ureaplasma wealyticum(Uu) isolates recovered from female patients diagnosed with cervicitis and Uu serovar 3 and Uu serovar 8( Uu3, Uu8) were included. Scanning electron microscope and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to identify biofilm formation. Conventional antibiotic susceptibility tests and biofilm susceptibility assays for tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were carried out. The paired rank sum test and was applied to analyze the statistical differences between the MIC and the minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration. The x2 test was applied to analyze the statistical differences of global resistance percentages between planktonic cells and sessile cells. Results Uu3, Uu8 and 21 Uu isolates all can form biofilms in vitro. Minimal inhibitory concentration of sessile cells compared with planktonic cells were obviously higher for tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin (P <0.001). Global resistance percentages between planktonic cells and sessile cells were different for erythromycin (9.52% vs 61.90% , P < 0. 001), ciprofloxacin ( 80. 95% vs 100% , P = 0. 035 ) and tetracycline (4. 76% vs 14.29% , P =0.293). Conclusion Uu isolates and Uu1, Uu8 all can form biofilms in vitro, and biofilm formation can strengthen resistance of Uu to antibiotics, even multidrug resistance was observed.

Objective To study the resistance mechanism of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) to erythromycin.Methods The susceptibility of 73 clinical isolates of Uu to erythromycin was evaluated by using broth dilution techniques. PCR and DNA sequencing were carried out to screen hot spot mutations at the variable region of 23S ribosomal RNA in erythromycin-resistant strains of Uu. Moreover, erythromycin resistance methylase genes (ermA, ermB, ermC) and efflux pump genes (mefA/E, msrA/B, mreA) were screened by using PCR with specific primers. Results There were 35 (47.95%) resistant Uu strains out of the 73 isolates, and the minimal inhibitory concentration varied from 8 to 32 mg/L among these resistant strains. The ermB gene was detected in 19 (54.29%) resistant strains, and msrA/B gene in 9 (25.71%) resistant strains. Two resistant strains harbored both ermB gene and msrA/B gene. No mutation at 23S ribosomal RNA or amplification of resistance-associated genes was noted in sensitive or reference strains of Uu. Conclusion The ermB and msrA/B genes may be responsible for the erythromycin resistance of Uu.

Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of Fc gamma RⅡA(FcγR ⅡA)on polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMN)from patients with Beh(c)et's disease(BD).Methods Twenty-five patients with active BD and 20 healthy human controls were included in this study.Blood samples were obtained from all patients with active BD before treatment,from 15 patients with inactive BD after treatment and from healthy controls.PMN were isolated.The FcγR Ⅱ A mRNA expression on PMNs was detected by RT-PCR,and plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO)activity which represented neutrophil activation,was measured spectrophotometricaily.Results The relative expression level of FcγR Ⅱ A on PMN and plasma MPO aetivity were 1.80 1±0.829 and 32±5 U/L.respectively,in patients with active BD,0.820±0.625 and 27±4 U/L,respectively,in those with inactive BD,and 0.745 ±0.931 and 29±5 U/L,respectively,in normal controls;the differences were significant in the two parameters between the patients with active and inactive BD (both P＜0.01),while no statistical difference was observed between inactive patients and normal human controls(P＞0.05).There was a positive eorrelation between the expression level of FcγR Ⅱ A on PMN and plasma MPO activity in patients with BD(r=0.39,P＜0.0 1).Conclusions The mRNA expression of FcγR ⅡA on neutrophils is up-regulated in patients with active BD.It is likely that FcγR Ⅱ A is involved in the activation of neutrophils in BD.

Objective To explore the expression of neutrophil adhesion molecule CD11b,and plasma level of elastase in patients with anaphylactoid purpura during different clinical phases and their correlation with disease activity.Methods A total of 20 patients with anaphylactoid purpura were recruited into this study,along with 20 normal human controls.Two blood samples were collected from each patients at the first visit(active phase)and after 3～5 weeks of treatment(remission phase).The expression of CD11b was measured by flow cytometry in 12 patients and normal controls,and plasma levels of elastase by ELISA in 20 patients and normal controls.Results Increased CD11b expression and elastase level were noted in patients in active phase compared with those in patients in remission phase(3367.25±434.57 vs 2569.33±411.06.13.98±2.05 vs 4.29±0.80.both P＜0.01).No significant difference was found in CD11b expression between patients in remission phase and normal controls(P＞0.05).while the elastase level was higher in patients in remission phase than in normal controls(4.29±0.80 vs 3.67±0.54.P＜0.05).In active phase of anaphylactoid purpura,the expression of CD11b was positively correlated with the plasma level of elastase(r=0.73,P＜0.01),while no correlation was noticed between them in remission phase(r=0.20,P=0.54).Conclusion Peripheral neutrophils are activated in anaphylactoid purpura,which seems to be more obvious in active phase than in remission phase.

Objective To summarize the experience in nursing patients undergoing skin biopsy on head and face . Method One hundred and twenty patients with head facial dermatosis undergoing skin tissue biopsy were nursed from August 2012 to October 2013. Result All operation for biopsy were completed smoothly, with the cure rate at the first phase 100.0%, healing time 5~7 days, averaged (7.0 ± 3.0)d and no complications. Conclusion For those patients having undergone facial skin tissue biopsy, the nursing measures like psychological nursing, health education before operation, preoperative relief of mental disorder, postoperative wound nursing and health education, prevention of complications are critical for their recovery.

A 55-year-old male patient presented with tense bullae on the extremities and trunk.Histological examination revealed subepidermal vesicles and superficial dermal infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes.The patient was primarily diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid.However,serum autoantibodies of the patient bound to the dermal side of salt-split skin,and no serum antibodies against BP180,BP230 or type Ⅶ collagen were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Hence,the diagnoses of bullous pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita were excluded.As Western blot and immunoprecipitation analysis showed,there existed antibodies capable of binding to a dermal antigen with a relative molecular mass of 200 000 in the serum of the patient.Based on the above findings,the patient was diagnosed as anti-laminin γ1 (p200) pemphigoid.