Objectives:To understand the medical students'cognition of violence injury medical and the impact of medical injury events reports on medical students.Methods:A sample survey was conducted among 480 medical students in a medical university using self-developed questionnaire.Results:A total of 63.67％ of the medical students get violence injury events information through television news;more than 90％ of medical students were concerned about the media reports of violence injury medical events.The media reports of violence injury medical events had an important impact on medical students,and especially television reports had the greatest impact.41.2％ of the students would enhance their awareness of protection;37.9％ of medical students thought that work passion and enthusiasm would decline;the impact of reports on men was bigger than women (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The report of violence injury medical events has an important impact on medical students.The media should improve self-discipline,create a harmonious public opinion environment and promote the healthy development of doctor-patient relationship.

The condition of birth defects in our country is very serious,which impose an enormous burdenon the families and society.Under the vision of care ethics,this paper emphasizes understanding and caring,analyzes the ethical dilemma in the prevention of birth defects and puts forward the prevention measures in line with the codes of ethics,aiming at strengthening the practical effect of birth defects prevention work,caring about the physical and mental health of child-bearing female,and promoting social development.

Objective To explore the risk factors of surgical site infection(SSI)in patients undergoing selective brain tumor resection,and provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods Patients who under-went selective brain tumor resection in the neurosurgery department of a hospital during April-September 2013 and April-September 2014 were monitored prospectively,monitoring programme and individualized questionnaire were formulated,the basic data,operation condition,postoperative symptoms/signs,laboratory test results,infection-related factors,and antimicrobial use in patients were collected,risk factors for infection were analyzed.Results A total of 205 patients were investigated,23 (11 .22%)of whom had SSI;univariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI),NNIS score,and cerebrospinal fluid leakage were related to the occurrence of SSI(all P<0.05);lo-gistic regression analysis showed that high NNIS score and cerebrospinal fluid leakage were independent risk factors for SSI in patients undergoing selective brain tumor resection(both P<0.05).Conclusion Incidence of SSI is high-er in patients with selective brain tumor resection,corresponding preventive measures should be taken according to different risk factors including cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

Background and objective Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)is known as recalcitrant cancer with high malignancy and heterogeneity.Immunotherapy has changed the treatment pattern of extensive-disease SCLC(ED-SCLC),but the beneficiary population is limited.Therefore,exploring new therapeutic strategies is an urgent clinical problem to be solved for SCLC.SCLC is characterized by highly active glycolytic metabolism and pyruvate kinase Ml(PKM1)is one of the isozymes of PK,an important rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis pathway.Previous studies have shown that PKM1 is related to autophagy and drug sensitivity,however,how PKM1 regulates drug sensitivity in SCLC and its mechanism remain unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the biological functions of PKM1 in SCLC,including its effects on proliferation,migra-tion,autophagy,drug sensitivity,and expression of neuroendocrine(NE)-related markers in SCLC.Methods Western blot was used to detect the expression level of PKM1 in SCLC cells.PKM1 gene-overexpressed SCLC cell lines were constructed by stable lentivirus transfection.Proliferation of cells and drug sensitivity were detected by MTT,and migration ability of cells was determined by Transwell.The level of autophagy was detected by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to determine the expression levels of NE-related proteins.Results PKM1 was differentially expressed among various SCLC cell lines,and was lower in H1092 cells(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in proliferation level of PKM1 overexpressing H1092 cell,but the migration ability was significantly increased(P＜0.001),the drug sensitivity was re-duced,and the level of autophagy was inhibited(P＜0.001).Additionally,overexpression of PKM1 could upregulate the expres-sion of non-neuroendocrine(non-NE)-related proteins(P＜0.01)and decrease the expression of NE-related proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusion PKM1 was differentially expressed in SCLC cell lines,and high expression of PKM1 did not affect the prolifera-tion,but affected the migration of SCLC cells.PKM1 might affect drug sensitivity by inhibiting autophagy and regulating the expression of NE markers.These results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the role of PKM1 in SCLC.

Objective: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major long-term complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . It is important to study the changes of serum biomarkers expression in patients for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The expression levels of five serum protein markers (IL-1b, IL-16, CXCL9, CCL19, CCL17) in patients with or without cGVHD after allo-HSCT were detected by liquid suspension microarray. Results: Compared with the control group without cGVHD, the expression levels of CXCL9 and CCL17 in serum of patients with cGVHD were significantly increased (P<0.05) . CCL17 was correlated with the severity of cGVHD (P<0.001) . CXCL9 was significantly increased in the serum of patients with skin lesion (P<0.01) , and CCL17 was significantly expressed in cGVHD patients with liver as the target organ (P<0.01) . Conclusion The combination of CXCL9 and CCL17 can be used as serum biomarkers of cGVHD, which has certain reference value in assisting the diagnosis and evaluation of cGVHD severity.

OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for de termining stiripentol （STP）concentration in plasma and brain of rats ， and to compare the concentrations of STP and its self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system （STP-SNEDDS）in plasma and brain. METHODS：Using xanthone as internal standard ，HPLC-fluorescence（HPLC-FLR）method was adopted. The determination was performed on Diamonsil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 25 mmol/L KH 2PO4 solution [ 44 ∶ 56（V/V），pH 2.6] at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min；the excitation and emission wavelengths were 210 nm and 400 nm，respectively；the column temperature was 30 ℃；the sample size was 10 μL. Totally 36 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups，with 18 rats in each group. They were given STP-SNEDDS and STP suspension （40 mg/kg，by STP ）intragastrically. Blood and brain tissue samples were collected at 0.5，1，2 h after administration （6 rats in each group at different time point ）. After the protein was precipitated by acetonitrile （brain tissue should be homogenized ），the concentrations of STP were determined by the above chromatographic conditions. RESULTS ：The linear ranges of STP concentration in plasma and brain tissue were 0.02-8.00 μg/mL（r were 0.999 6， 0.999 4，respectively）. The limits of quantitation were both 0.02 μg/mL. The inter-day and intra-day RSDs were all less than 5％. The extraction recovery and method recovery were all no less than 90％. Compared with STP suspension group ，the plasma concentration（except for 1 h after administration ）and cerebral concentration （except for 2 h after administration ）of STP in STP-SNEDDS group were all significantly increased （P＜0.05），showing significant linear relationship between them （for STP-SNEDDS）. CONCLUSIONS ：Established HPLC-FLR method presents high accuracy and precision ，and can be used for the distribution of STP and STP-SNEDDS in plasma and brain.The concentration of STP in plasma and brain tissue isincreased after STP is made into SNEDDS.