BACKGROUND: The mechanism of spasmodic dysphonia(SD) is still unclear and lacks of confirmed diagnostic standards. Limited reports on the treatment mainly focused on botulinum toxin infiltration; recurrent laryngeal nerve section, and voice training, amongst which voice training has been considered as one of the ideal complementary therapeutic means for SD because of less side effects and complications.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of voice training in the treatment of SD and provide a method for the clinical treatment.DESIGN: Clinical case analysis and retrospective study based on patients.SETTING: Department of otolaryngology and cerebral surgery in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six confirmed SD patients in Wuhan College affiliated Renmin Hospital from February 1985 to December 2002.METHODS: Psychological consultation combined with breathing and voice training was adopted to make patients breathe freely and coordinately, with breath pattern changed from deep chest breathing and reversal breathing to normal chest-abdominal combined breathing, which helped decreasing larynx muscle straining. All patients were followed up for one to two years and their therapeutic effects were assessed by normal phonation, improvement, and ineffectiveness.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessment of therapeutic effects.RESULTS: All 36 SD patients achieved satisfactory outcomes after voice training, with SD completely recovered in 30 cases and obviously improved in 6 cases.CONCLUSION: Psychological consultation combined with voice training is an ideal approach for the rehabilitation of SD.

AIM: To study the isolation,purification and characterization of Ramulus Mori polysaccharide. METHODS: Ramulus Mori was extracted by boiling water. The raw extract was precipitated fractionally by alcohol deproteinized,passing through DEAE ion exchange cellulose ( DEAE-52) and SephadexG-100,obtained RMPS1 and RMPS2. The composition and characterization of Ramulus Mori polysaccharide were researched by TLC、IR、 GC、HPLC and smith degradation. RESULTS: The molecular weight of RMPS1 and RMPS2 were 5. 8 ? 105 and 6. 5 ? 105; RMPS1was made up of rhammose、arabinose、glucose and galactose with the molarity rate of 1. 08 ∶ 1 ∶ 1. 40 ∶ 1. 57; RMPS2 of rhammose、glucose and galactose with the molarity rate of 11. 38 ∶ 1 ∶ 1. 35. Smith degradation showed that the main linkage form in RMPS1 and RMPS2 was 1→2 and 1→4 glycosidic linkages,But some 1→3 glycosidic linkages also existed in the molecules; infrared spectrum showed that both had the polysaccharide characteristic absorption peaks. CONCLUSION: The structures of RMPS1 and RMPS2 are first determined from Ramulus Mori.

Objective To explore the effect of vocal rehabilitation training on patients with spasmodic dys-phonia. Methods Thirty-six patients with spasmodic dysphonia were recruited, and psychotherapy, acupuncture,respiratory and vocal training were performed according to the patients condition to improve the coordination of the vo-cal organs. Interventions were also employed to convert the patients reverse or high locational pattern of respiration in-to the normal associated chest and abdomen respiration, so as to reduce the tone of the laryngeal muscle. ResultsSatisfactory effects were achieved by the rehabilitation training. 30 out of 36 cases recovered and the other 6 cases im-proved. Conclusion It indicated that the comprehensive vocal rehabilitation should be adopted for the treatment ofpatients with spasmodic dysphonia.

OBJECTIVETo develop a GC method for simultaneous determination of 4 compounds (atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin) in Atractylodes lancea.

METHODA HP-1 capillary column (0.25 mm x 30 m, 0.25 microm) was used. The detector was FID:Inlet temperature was 250 degrees C. The detector temperature was 250 degrees C. The column temperature was set at 145 degrees C and held for 25 min after injection, then programmed at 10 degrees C x min(-1) to 250 degrees C and held for 10 min at the temperature. The carrying gas was nitrogen, split ratio was 40:1. Injection volume was 2 microL, Cluster analysis was performed by SPSS13.0 software.

RESULTThe linear ranges for atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin were 0.0122. 32 (r = .9998), 0.008-1.68 (r = 0.9998), 0.009-1.76 (r = 0.9999), 0.016-3.20 g x L(-1) (r = 0.9997), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 3) of atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin were 98.0%-99.0%, 97.7%-99.4%, 98.4%-99.2%, 97.8%-99.7%, respectively. The samples analyzed were divided into two classes.

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple, specific, repeatable and stable. It can be applied for the simultaneous determination of 4 compounds (atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin) in A. lancea, which will provide the basis for the quality control of A. lancea. The contents of 4 active compounds were significantly different between geo-authentic and non-authentic producing areas.

Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Furans ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Oils ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane ; analysis ; Spiro Compounds ; analysis

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mental health of the patients who suffered from pharyngeal paraesthesia, and investigate the effect of mental factors during the happening, development, therapy and turnover of the disease. METHOD: The Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to collect information,and all the data was dealed with SPSS 12.0. RESULT: (1) The total score of SCL-90 of pharyngeal paraesthesia was higher than the norm, and the score of positive items and average score of positive symptom were both significantly higher than the norm; (2) There was no differences between pharyngeal paraesthesia and the norm in terror factor while significant differences in the others; (3) There was no difference between male and female patients who suffered from pharyngeal paraesthesia. CONCLUSION Compared with the normal, patients who suffered from pharyngeal paraesthesia had obvious mental symptoms, such as somatization, anxiety, depression et al.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperesthesia ; psychology ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; psychology ; Middle Aged ; Personality Inventory ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective·To compare the effects of bone-anchored rapid expansion and tooth-borne rapid expansion combined with protraction on craniofacial sutures,skeletal points,bones and maxillary dentition using three-dimensional finite element analysis,and provide guidance for the clinical selection of appropriate traction methods and sites.Methods·A cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)image of one adolescent with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion and maxillary hypoplasia during the mixed dentition period was selected to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the maxillary complex(including craniofacial sutures,skeletal points,bones and maxillary dentition).Based on this,the three-dimensional finite element models of bone-anchored and tooth-borne rapid expansion combined with protraction were respectively established.Then,the aforementioned models were assembled into a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary complex with bone-anchored rapid expansion combined with protraction(Model 1),and a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary complex with tooth-borne rapid expansion combined with protraction(Model 2).According to the different expansion methods and protraction sites,the following conditions were set up:① Based on the expansion methods,Model 1 was set as Group A,and Model 2 was set as Group B.② Based on the protraction sites,Group A and B were further divided into experimental group Ⅰ(protraction hooks were placed buccally on both sides of the maxillary canines),experimental group Ⅱ(protraction hooks were placed buccally on both sides of the maxillary first premolars)and experimental group Ⅲ(protraction hooks were placed buccally on both sides of the maxillary second premolars),respectively.Additionally,as a control,Group A0 used bone-anchored rapid expansion alone without protraction,while Group B0 used tooth-borne rapid expansion without protraction.The stress distribution characteristics of craniofacial sutures in groups A and B at different protraction sites,as well as the displacement trends of craniofacial skeletal points,craniofacial bones and maxillary dentition were analyzed by using charts and tables.Results·In terms of stress distribution characteristics of craniofacial sutures,pterygomaxillary suture's equivalent strain was maximal in both groups A and B,and it increased when protraction hooks were placed backwards.The maximum principal strain value of each suture in Group AⅠ was larger than that in Group BⅠ.In terms of the displacement trend of craniofacial bones,as the protraction sites shifted posteriorly,both the nasal bones and maxilla in the horizontal direction moved rightward with decreasing displacement trends in both groups A and B.In the sagittal direction,the nasal bones moved posteriorly with decreasing displacement trends,while the maxilla moved anteriorly with increasing displacement trends in groups A and B.In the vertical direction,the nasal bones moved downward with decreasing displacement trends,and the maxilla moved upward with decreasing displacement trends in groups A and B.In terms of displacement trends of craniofacial skeletal points(ANS,PNS),the maxillary plane(ANS-PNS plane)in Group A underwent clockwise rotation,with the clockwise rotation trend decreasing as the protraction sites shifted posteriorly,while the maxillary plane(ANS-PNS plane)in Group B underwent counterclockwise rotation,with the counterclockwise rotation trend becoming more apparent as the protraction sites shifted posteriorly.In terms of the displacement trend of the maxillary dentition,the displacement of the central incisors in the horizontal,sagittal and vertical directions in the experimental groups A and B was all negative,presenting a tendency to move distally,labially and extrusively.The displacement of the first molar in the horizontal direction was also negative,indicating a trend of buccal displacement.Additionally,as the protraction site shifted posteriorly,the labial movement trend of the central incisors' crown increased,and the crowns of the first molars changed from mesial to distal movement.Conclusion·Clinically,placing protraction sites posteriorly is beneficial for the anterior movement of the maxilla.Adolescent with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion can choose different rapid expansion with protraction to achieve maxillary anterior displacement while realizing favorable rotation of maxillary plane.