The risk factors of coronary artery disease, angiographic and procedural features are the main risk factors of restenosis after coronary artery stent implantation. In different combinations, these risk factors have different effects on coronary restenosis. The risk factors that the results of trials were more consistent include coronary lesion length, lesion vessel diameter <3 mm, ostial disease, total stent length, and number of stent. The same results of trials as stated above indicated that drug-eluting stent (sirolimus-eluting stent and paclitaxel-eluting stent), compared with bare-metal stent, significantly decreased the risk of restenosis. Compared these two drug-eluting stent, sirolimus-eluting stent was superior to paclitaxel-eluting stent on lowering the risk of restenosis. About other risk factors, e.g. age, sex, smoking, hypertension, the results of trials had inconsistent.

Fourty eight cases of pheochromocytoma and adrenal medullary hyperplasia confirmed by pathology were analysed. According to clinical manifestations, EKG, UCG and radiograph-ical findings, they were divided into two groups: group 1,23 cases (48.9%) without cate-cholamine-induced cardiomyopathy and group 2,25 cases (52.1%) with catecholamine-in-duced cardiomyopathy. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, duration of disease, size and location of the pheochromocytomas. Significant differences were found in urine VMA content and types of hypertension between the two groups (P

[Objective] To investigate the causes of failures of long bone fractures with internal fixations and to study the treatments and effects of reoperations of long bone fractures with inter-locking intramedullary nail and limited open reduction.[Method]Twenty-four patients of failures of long bone fractures with internal fixations were retreated with inter-locking intramedullary nail and limited open reduction.There were 15 cases of femoral fracture,7 cases of tibial fracture and 2 cases of humerus shaft fracture.Of the femoral fracture,there were 14 cases of fractures of shafts of femurs and 1 case of supracondylar fracture of femur;11 male,4 female;7 left cases,8 right cases;1 case complicated with bending of bone plate and screw,6 cases with breakages of plate;1 case with bending of common intramedullary nail,2 cases with breakages of common intramedullary nails,1 case of screw and wire lock fixation complicated with pseudoarticulation formation,4 cases with nonunion of fracture.Of the cases of tibial shaft fracture,there were 6 male,l female;3 left cases,4 righe cases;3 cases complicated with breakages of bone plate and screw,1 case with failure of external fixator,3 cases with nonunion of fracture.Of the cases of humerus shaft fracture,there were 2 cases of male and left ones;1 case complicated with breakage of bone plate and screw,1 case with breakage of common intramedullary nail.The ages of patients ranged from 18 to 68 years old with mean ages 43.7 years old.All fixation failure cases were retreated with inter-locking intramedullary nails and limited open reductions with autogenous iliac bone grafts or bone allografts.[Result]The average follow-up time was 25 months(12～35 months).All cases were cured with bone unions.Complications with submerge,breakages and bending of intramedullary nails did not occur.In the reoperating cases of femoral and filial fractures,the knee function were excellent in 18 cases,good 2 cases,fair 1 case and poor 1 case according to Karlstrom scale.Among the reoperating cases of humeral fractures,there were 1 case excellent and 1 good of shoulder function according to HAN score.[Conclusion]Reoperations with inter-locking intramedullary nail and limited open reduction are effective methods for treatment of internal fixation failure of long bone fracture.

Objective:To explore the influence of depression on heart rate variability(HRV) and short term prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods:120 AMI patients were evaluated with Zung's self-rating depression scale within 24 hours after admission.The patients were divided into depressive group(45 cases) and non-depressive group(75 cases) according to depressive index.Post-infarction angina pectoris,reinfarction,heart failure and ventricular fibrillation as well as cardiac death were observed during 4 weeks.HRV analysis with 24-hour holter of survivals was perfomed in 1 week after infarction.Results:The prevalence of post-infarction angina pectoris,ventricular fibrillation and cardiac death in depressive group was remarkably elevated compared with non-depressive group(40.0% vs 22.7%,20.0% vs 6.7%,17.8% vs 4.0%,respectively. P

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs)are ligand activated transcriptional factors and belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.PPARs play important roles in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism,energy homeostasis,cell proliferation,differentiation and reproduction.Furthermore,PPARs agonists were closely correlated to atherosclerosis and involved in delaying the formation of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of tissue factor and explore its clinical significances in pulmonary artery after acute pulmonary thromboembolism.Methods Thirty-four Japanese white rabbits (Level Ⅱ animals) were randomly (random number) assigned into four groups:group A (specimen of pulmonary artery was taken 3 hours after pulmonary embolism,n =8),group B (specimen of pulmonary artery was taken 8 hours after pulmonary embolism,n =8),group C (specimen of pulmonary artery was taken 24 hours after pulmonary embolism,n =8) and control group (pseudo-operations were carried out without injecting autologous blood clots,n =10).The animal model of pulmonary thromboembolism was established by injecting autologous blood clots into jugular vein through a 5F catheter and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography.The mRNA expression of TF in different parts of pulmonary artery was assayed by RT-PCR.The q test was utilized if there was a significant difference in a given continuous variable among three groups analyzed by ANOVA.Results The TF expression in the specimen adjacentto emboli was stable at 3 h,8 h or 24 hours after embolism.The mRNA expression of TF at 3 h and 8 h after embolism was lower in specimen taken from distal-end of morbid pulmonary artery than those adjacent to emboli.While at 24 hours after embolism,there were similar mRNA expressions in specimen either adjacent or distal to emboli.Conclusions The high expression of tissue factor in pulmonary artery tissue adjacent to emboli could lead to locally increased coagulation activity,indicating the necessity of initiating anti-coagulation treatment as soon as possible after acute pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure of children increases with ages, and is related to anthropometric parameters, diet, sports, and other factors. To analyze relative factor of a little high blood pressure of children provides a scientific evidence for prevention and cure of primary hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To investigate correlation between blood pressure and anthropometric parameters among children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Department of Hygiene of Weifang Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: According to cluster sampling, 1 546 pupils in grade three or four were selected from a primary school for physical examination and questionnaires. Totally 1 508 pupils with complete data were regarded as the subjects.METHODS: Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze correlation between blood pressure and anthropometric parameters among children.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation among anthropometric parameters, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.RESULTS: ① Correlation coefficients of systolic pressure with sex, age, height, body mass, chest circumference of Peason were 0.078, 0.166, 0.337, 0.313 and 0.304 (P ＜ 0.01). ② Correlation coefficients of diastolic pressure with sex, age, height, body mass, chest circumference of Peason were 0.047, 0.120, 0.268, 0.271 and 0.251 (P ＜ 0.01). ③ After controlling two effect of anthropometric parameters on each other, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were only correlated with height and chest circumference (P ＜ 0.01), but was not correlated with age, sex and body mass (P ＞ 0.05). CONCLUSION: After controlling the effect of anthropometric parameters on each other, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of children were positively correlated with height and chest circumference.

Objective To better understand the age related changes of cardiac structure and function and their relationship with gender, body weight and blood pressure. Methods M mode, 2 dimensional, and Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed on 306 healthy intellectuals, including 165 males and 141 females, ranging in age from 30 to 85 years. Results Parameters in both male and female including the ratio of peak E wave to peak A wave velocity(E/A), the ratio of the right ventricular peak E wave to peak A wave velocity(E/Ar), the amplitude of aortic wall (Aao) and the angle between septum and the root of aorta (?) were all decreased with the aging significantly( P

Objective:To investigate the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on both left ventricular myocardial collagen and diastolic function in rats,and their relationship thereof.Methods:Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group(n=12)and ethanol group(n=12).The changes in cardiac diastolic function were evaluated by echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging(TDI).The value of myocardial hydroxyproline content was determined by hydroxyproline reagent kit.The expressions of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA were detected by RT-PCR analysis.Results:It was found that mitral E and mitral annulus Ea were decreased,mitral annulus Aa was increased,and isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT)was prolonged in the ethanol group compared with those in control group(P＜0.05).The value of Ea/Aa ratio was greater than 1 in control group and less than 1 in ethanol group(P＜0.01).It was found that myocardial hydroxyproline content,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA expression and their ratio significantly increased in ethanol group compared with those in the control group(P＜0.01).There was positive correlation between hydroxyproline content,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA expression,and collagen Ⅰ /collagen Ⅲ mRNA ratio with IVRT(P＜0.05),and negative correlation between hydroxyproline content,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ mRNA expression,and collagen Ⅰ /collagen Ⅲ mRNA ratio with the Ea/Aa ratio(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Chronic ethanol consumption can induce increase in left ventricular myocardial collagen synthesis and impairment in diastolic function in rats.Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction correlates with increase in myocardial collagen synthesis positively.

Objective To determine the cardiac structure and function by transthoracic highfrequency ultrasonography in Wistar rats, and to explore the patterns of age-related changes.Methods Male Wistar rats aged 1, 2, 5, 12, and 20 months (n= 12 each group) underwent transthoracic echocardiographic analysis to examine the parameters of cardiac structure and function.Finally, the rats were sacrificed and the left ventricles were weighed. Results The left atrial dimension (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septum thickness at diastole (IVSD), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWd) and left ventricular mass (LVM) increased with age (all P ＜ 0.05 ) . There was a positive relationship between echocardiographic value and the autopsy weight LVM (r=0. 78, P＜0.01). There were no statistical significances in ejection fraction and fractional shortening among groups (all P＞0.05). Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) prolonged with age (P＜0. 01). After 2 month-old, tissue Doppler imaging Ea gradually decreased with age, Aa tended to increase with age. Ea/Aa ratio was more than 1 value in 1-, 2- and 5-months-old group, and it was less than 1 value in 12-, and 20-month-old group.Multivariate analysis showed that age was the influence factor of LAD, LVEDd and Ea. Conclusions Transthoracic high-frequency ultrasonography can be used to evaluate cardiac structure and function in rats; In aged rats, the wall-thickness, LAD and LVEDd are significantly increased. There is no significant change in systolic function, but diastolic function is decreased.