AIM: To investigate the effects of nitric oxide on ultrastructure and anionic sites of glomerular in renal ischemia reperfusion injured(I-RI) rats.METHODS: Animals were divided randomly into five groups:(1) sham group(n=6);(2) I-RI group(n=6),0.3 mL normal saline was injected via venae lingualis 20 min before ischemia;(3) SNP+I-RI group(n=6),2.5 ?g/kg sodium nitroprusside(SNP) was injected via venae lingualis 20 min before ischemia;(4) AG+I-RI group(n=6),10 mg/kg aminoguanidine(AG) was injected via venae lingualis 20 min before ischemia;(5) L-NNA+I-RI group(n=6),10 mg/kg N~?-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA) was injected via venae lingualis 20 min before ischemia.Anionic sites of glomerular were studied with a cationic probe-polyethyleneimine(PEI) and ultrastructure was observed under electron microscope in renal I-RI rats.RESULTS:(1) Ultrastructure of glomerular was normal and anionic sites(AS) was located clearly in lamina rare externa of GBM in sham rats.The PEI particles arranged regularly in line(19.3?1.7/(1 000 nm)) under electronic microscope.Obvious foot processes derangement and effacement were observed and the AS number in GBM of I-RI group was fewer(16.6?1.0/(1 000 nm),P0.05).CONCLUSION: Foot process effacement and reduction of anionic sites were present in glomerular filtration membrane in renal I-RI rats.NO aggravated those injuries,indicating that NO plays a role in the ultrastructure damages of glomerular filtration membrane in I-RI rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between different expression of gastrocolic omentum visfatin (VF) mRNA and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in late trimester pregnancy. Methods One hundred cases of pregnant women in late trimester were divided into two groups, including 45 GDM women( GDM group) and 55 normal glucose tolerance women( NGT group). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to determine the expression of VF mRNA in gastrocolie omentum. Fast-blood glucose, insulin,cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured. The progestational body mass index(BMI) and the homeostasis model assessment(HOMA) insulin resistance(IR) were calculated in these cases. Results The expression of gastrocolic omentum VF mRNA in GDM group and NGT group were 0.8 ±0.4,0.5±0.3. Fast-blood glucose levels were(4.12±0.14),(3.65±0.13) mmol/L. Insulin levels were (72±5) ,(61±5) pmo]/L TG levels were (5.6±0.3), (3.8±0.3) mmol/L TC levels were(5.6±0.9 ), (3.9±0.3) mmol/L HOMA-IR were 12.5±5.9,9.5±0.8. The progestatianal BMIs were(22.6±0.8), (20.9±0.4) kg/m2. All the indices in the GDM group were significantly higher than NGT group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of gastrocolic omentum VF mRNA had a positive correlation with BMI (r=0.32, P<0.01), but had no association with insulin resistance or metabolic parameters. Conclusion The experiment demonstrates that different expression of VF mRNA has a strong correlation with GDM and obesity.

Abstract Bisphenols (BPs), which are mainly used in the production of polycarbonates and epoxy resins, are common endocrine disruptors (EDCs) in natural environments. Human mainly exposes to BPs via ingestion and skin. Previous studies have deteted BPs in human urine, serum, and milk samples, and children and pregnant women have a high level of exposure to to BPs. Based on international and national publications pertaining to BPs since 2009, this review describes the exposure to BPs in human urine, serum, and milk and summarizes neuroendocrine dysfunctions, oxidative stress injury and epigenetics changes caused by BPs, so as to provide insights into reducing the exposure to and health risk of BPs.

Objective:To investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on behavioral and psychological symptoms and quality of life in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD).Methods:Forty mild and moderate patients who met the diagnostic criteria of AD in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases from May 2017 to December 2018 in the Seventh People′s Hospital of Wenzhou City were selected and divided into the control group (20 cases) and the rTMS group (20 cases) according to random number list. The control group was treated with basic treatment while the rTMS group was treated with rTMS on the basis of the basic treatment. The scores of AD assessment scale-cognitive section (ADAS-cog), mini mental state examination (MMSE), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), activity daily living (ADL), and quality of life in AD (QOL-AD) were observed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results:There were no significant differences in ADAS-cog, MMSE, NPI, ADL, and QOL-AD scores between the rTMS group and the control group before treatment ( P>0.05). After treatment, the MMSE, ADL, and QOL-AD scores of the rTMS group were significantly higher than those of the control group: (22.80 ± 3.83) scores vs.(20.30 ± 5.49) scores, (63.05 ± 17.24) scores vs. (54.15 ± 9.20) scpres, (37.55 ± 7.94) scores vs. (31.00 ± 11.45) scores; the ADAS-cog and NPI scores were significantly lower: (18.45 ± 4.16) scores vs.(22.15 ± 5.01) scores, (57.2 ± 16.25) scores vs. (72.65 ± 39.37) scores, (27.15 ± 7.53) scores vs. (34.65 ± 14.91) scores, and there were significantly differences ( P<0.05). At the same time, the MMSE, ADL, and QOL-AD scores of the rTMS group were significantly higher than those before treatment, the ADAS-cog and NPI scores were significantly lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:rTMS can effectively improve the behavioral and psychological symptoms of patients with mild to moderate AD and significantly improve the quality of life.

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are commonly used plasticizers and solvents. Human body is exposed and absorbed mainly through diet, skin and air inhalation. The biological samples such as urine, blood, saliva, semen and breast milk generally contain PAEs and their metabolites, but the concentrations of PAEs metabolites vary in different samples. In the general population, the levels of PAEs are higher in children than in adults, and higher in women than in men; the levels of PAEs are higher in the occupational population than in the general population. In this paper, the research of PAEs related human biomonitoring in the general population and occupational population at home and abroad is reviewed, so as to provide the basis for reducing the exposure of PAEs and related health risk.

Triclosan, widely used in various personal care products, is one of the most common environmental endocrine disruptors in our life. It can be detected from water, soil and dust, and its environmental exposure level increased with consumption. Human body are exposed to triclosan through food and water, but the evidence that triclosan exposure leads to adverse health effects is not sufficient. This paper summarizes the progress of studies related to environmental concentration, population exposure and health risks of triclosan in recent years.

Objective:To study the correction factor of the chamber wall of the reference air kerma rate reference ionization chamber (NIM-Ir-SG-100 type) for 192Ir radioactive source. Methods:The photon spectrum and ionization chamber wall correction factor of the radioactive source housing and irradiator model are calculated by Monte Carlo code. And then the photon energy, wall thickness and ionization chamber diameter, which affect the result of the chamber wall correction factor, are simulated.Results:After calculation, the simulation result of the correction factor of spherical graphite cavity ionization chamber wall was 1.037 7. Controlling a single variable, photon energy (0.3-1.3 MeV), wall thickness (0.2-0.5 cm), inner diameter (0.5 -15 cm), the maximum deviations of wall correction result were 1.62%, 3.30% and 2.86%, respectively.Conclusions:The self-made spherical graphite cavity ionization chamber has good performance, and the corrected kwall value of the chamber wall is within a reasonable range. The completion of the chamber wall correction factor is an important step to measure the reference air kerma rate of the 192Ir radioactive source and establish the measurement benchmark.

Objective To explore the effect of peripheral blood markers on the efficacy and prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods The case data of 61 patients with advanced esophageal cancer who met the inclusion criteria were collected. Data on clinical indicators and peripheral blood markers as well as objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free-survival (PFS) were obtained. Results The median PFS of the included patients was 7.10 months (95%CI: 5.12-9.07). The ORR of patients with baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) < 201 was better than that of patients with LDH≥201 (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that baseline LDH0 < 201, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) < 3.9, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) < 240.3, and LDH1 < 249.0 two weeks after ICI treatment were significantly associated with significant improvement in PFS (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, patients with NLR0 < 3.9 had longer PFS (P < 0.05). Conclusion LDH0 < 201, NLR0 < 3.9, PLR0 < 240.3, and LDH1 < 249.0 are positively correlated with the prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated with ICIs.

Objective To investigate the impact of PD1-TCF1+CD8+ stem-like memory T cells on immunotherapy prognosis and tertiary lymphoid structure in tumors. Methods Pathological tissue sections were collected from 33 patients treated with immunotherapy, 18 cases of NSCLC and 15 cases of ESCC. The expression of PD1-TCF1+CD8+T cells was detected through quantitative analysis by multiplex immunofluorescence. Survival curves were described by the Kaplan-Meier method. Pearson's correlation test was used for correlation analysis. Results The high levels of PD1-TCF1+CD8+T cells had a better PFS in NSCLC and ESCC cohorts. In the NSCLC cohort, high levels of PD1-TCF1+CD8+ T cells were significantly and positively correlated with the number (P=0.0151) and size (P=0.0007) of TLSs. Conclusion In patients with NSCLC and ESCCs, high PD1-TCF1+CD8+ stem-like memory T cell expression indicates improved prognosis and immune response and is associated with the formation of TLSs in the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC.

Objective: To learn the disinfection effect and its influencing factors of drinking water in rural areas of Zhejiang Province,so as to provide scientific basis for the control of microbial pollution in drinking water and prevention of waterborne diseases. Methods: A total of 5 299 samples from 879 rural water plants Zhejiang Province were collected by stratified sampling method in 2017. The disinfection effect of water samples was assessed quality according to GB 5749-2006 Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors for disinfection effect of rural drinking water. Results: There were 540 rural water plants in Zhejiang Province adopting routine process for water purification,accounting for 61.43%;771 ones using surface water,accounting for 87.72%. About 4 458 samples（84.13%）were disinfected and the qualified rate was 86.05%,22.32% of which were disinfected by chlorine dioxide and the qualified rate was 100.00%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that scale of water plant,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,disinfection,season and source water turbidity were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of rural drinking water（P<0.05）;disinfection,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment and source water turbidity were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of finished water（P<0.05）;disinfection,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and scale of water plant were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of tap water（P<0.05）;disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and scale of water plant were the influencing factors forthe disinfection effect of surface water（P<0.05）;disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and pH were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of groundwater（P<0.05）. Conclusion The disinfection effect of drinking water in rural areas of Zhejiang Province is associated with source water quality,scale of plants,water purification technique and so on. The disinfection process should be improved,the management of water plants should be strengthened to reduce the risk of microbial contamination.