Objective To investigate the influence of prepubertal exposure to estradiol benzoate (EB)in the male reproductive system of the rats and the natural process of tissue repair,and to clarify the possible mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of exogenous estrogen.Methods Ninety 2 1-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group,n=30)and control group (n=30). The rats in the experimental groups were injected with EB dissolved in peanut oil at 15(low dose of EB group)and 15 000μg·kg-1 (high dose of EB group)respectively,the rats in control group received equal vehicle injection only,once every other day for two weeks from postnatal day(PND)21 to 34.All of them were normally fed after the drug usage was stopped.The testes were harvested at the stages of PND 60 and PND 125(n=15 at each stage).The serum levels testosterone of (T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),prolactin (PRL)and estradiol(E2)of the rats in various groups were detected with radioimmunology method and the weights of the rats in various groups were recorded;the histological changes of the testes tissue were observed with light microscope.Results On PND60,compared with control group,the T levels in low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the FSH,LH and E2 levels were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the PRL levels had no change(P>0.05);the weights of testes were decreased(P<0.01);the histological changes of the testes of the rats in experimental groups included seminiferous tubules maldevelopment, decreased cell number of seminiferous epithelia.Compared with low dose of EB group,the T and FSH levels in high dose of EB group were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),the E2 and LH levels were increased(P<0.01),the PRL level had no change (P>0.05 ), and the weight of testes was decreased (P<0.01 );the diameters of seminiferous tubules were smaller,there was no sperm in high dose of EB group while there were a few sperms in low dose of EB group.On PND125,compared with control group,the T,FSH and PRL levels in low dose of EB group and high dose of EB group were decreased(P<0.01),the E2 levels were increased (P<0.01);the LH level in low dose of EB group was increased(P<0.05),the LH level in high dose of EB group was decreased(P<0.01), and the weights of testes in high dose of EB group were decreased(P<0.01);the diameters of seminiferous tubules and the cell number of seminiferous epithelia were increased but not apparent change.Compared with low dose of EB group,the T,LH levels in high dose of EB group were decreased (P<0.01),the E2 and FSH levels were increased(P<0.01),the PRL level had no change(P>0.05),and the weight of testes was decreased(P<0.01);there was still no sperm in high dose of EB group, the number of sperms was increased in low dose of EB group, but it was still lower than that in control group.Conclusion EB is harmful to the reproductive system and can change the normal serum sex hormone levels,even induces the irreversible injury.

Objective The purpose of this study is to define the pollution level of CO2 pneumoperitoneum in operation room and its influence on the health of medical personnel,and put forward certain countermeasures.Methods This research consisted of four groups of experiments,and gradually proved that the use of pneumoperitoneum machine would lead to air pollution in the operation room,and the health of medical staff were influenced too.The four experiments were:the maximum CO2 gas leakage experiment;laparotomy and pneumoperitoneum surgery in the operating room CO2 gas concentration control experiment;CO2 gas concentration increase on the influence of the medical staff experiment; long-time pneumoperitoneum surgery operating room CO2 gas concentration change experiment.Results The maximum CO2gas leakage situation could cause the operation room CO2 gas concentration to increase(＞ l 000× 104); pneumoperitoneum machine in actual use process,could cause the increase of CO2 gas concentration in operation room; increase of CO2 gas concentration had an impact on the vital signs of the medical staff,the heart rate and blood pressure were statistically different before and after the operation; during pneumoperitoneum surgery for a long time,indoor CO2 gas concentration increased (＞1000× 10-6)and reduced quickly postoperation.Conclusions The use of C02 pneumoperitoneum machine in operation room influence the health of medical personnel.Effective protective measures dealing with gas pollution should be taken to reduce the chronic injury to medical staff.

Objective To investigate the effects of epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation (ESCES) on spinal cord reflexes in normal adult rats, and to find out where and how the spinal cord reflexes are generated. Methods Ten adult female Sprague Dawley rats were anaesthetized and an electrode was placed at the S, spinal cord segment. Single electric pulses with 200 μs pulse width and voltages of 400 mV, 600 mV and 1200 mV were used in the ESCES. 1200 mV voltages with 50 Hz, 60 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz frequency were also tested. EMG signals were re-corded with concentric needle electrodes in the rats' semitendinosus muscles to observe the characteristics of spinal cord reflexes. Results The voltage threshold for generating semitendinosus muscle response was 300 mV. The three ESCES voltages induced 2 kinds of spinal cord reflexes. The 400 mV and 600 mV stimulation induced spinal cord reflexes with short latency (5.27±0.36 ms and 5.19±0.67 ms respectively). The 1200 mV stimulation volt-age induced spinal cord reflexes with long latency (2.57±0.23 ms). Spinal cord reflexes could be generated by 50 Hz, 60 Hz, 80 Hz, and 100 Hz ESCES. At the higher frequencies, spinal cord reflexes declined late in the ex-periments and then appeared irregular. In some of the rats, spinal cord reflexes vanished entirely late in the stimula-tion experiments. The latency and duration of the spinal cord reflexes induced by 50 Hz ESCES were (4.46 ± 1.07) ms and (7.33±1.00)ms respectively. These were significantly different from the latency and duration initia-ted by 60 Hz, 80 Hz or 100 Hz ESCES. Conclusions Different ESCES voltages induce different spinal cord refle-xes generated differently. The long latency reflexes might be monosynaptic responses mediated by dorsal root excite-ment, while the short latency reflexes might be sarcous exciting electric activity mediated by direct excitement of mo-tor neurons or motor fibers. The irregular spinal cord reflexes induced by higher frequency ESCES might be one kind of monosynaptic response. Irregularly appearing spinal cord reflexes induced by higher frequency stimulation might due to the inhibitory effect of higher frequency stimulation.

Objective:To investigate the effects of epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) and treadmill training on the locomotion function and ultrastructure of spinal cord anterior horn after moderate spinal cord injury in rats. (IT, n=3). All rats received a moderate spinal cord injury surgery. Four weeks after surgery, rats in SE group received an electrode implantation procedure, with the electrode field covering spinal cord segments L2-S1. Four weeks after electrode implantation, rats received subthreshold ESCS for 30 min/d. Rats in TY group received 4cm/s treadmill training for 30min/d. Rats in SI group received no intervention, as a control group. All procedures in these three groups lasted four weeks.The open field Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used before and after intervention to evaluate rats' hindlimb motor function. Result:After four weeks intervention, rats in TT group improved their open field locomotion scores to 20. In contrast, no significant improvement was observed in groups SI and SE. The morphology of synapses and neurons were similar regardless of whether rats had undergone ESCS, treadmill training or not. Conclusion:ESCS alone was not sufficient to improve the walking ability of spinal cord injured rats. ESCS or treadmill training alone might not contribute to the changes of ultrastructure in anterior horn of spinal cord that underlie the recovery of walking ability. Further research is needed to understand the contributions of combination of ESCS and treadmill training to the rehabilitation of spinal cord injured rats.

Objective:To investigate the value of radiomics based on unenhanced CT texture analysis in predicting the WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Methods:Postoperative pathology-confirmed ccRCC subjects ( n=90) who received CT scanning and had a definite pathological grading in Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences were collected retrospectively from December 2016 to May 2019. The cases were randomly divided into training group ( n=63) and test group ( n=27) as a ratio of 7∶3. All cases were classified into low grade (grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ, n=57) and high grade (grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ, n=37) according to the new pathological grading (WHO/ISUP grading, version 2016) of renal carcinoma. 3D-ROI segmentation was performed on unenhanced CT images and 93 texture features were extracted. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to reduct dimension of texture parameters and then the radiomics score (Rad-score) was established. The logistic regression was used to develop the prediction model with the pathological grading as the gold standard. The ROC curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the model, and the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate calibration degree of the model. Results:The 10 non-zero coefficient texture features were screened out through dimension reduction steps. The Rad-score was formed according to the linear combination of these ten features and corresponding coefficients, and then the prediction model was developed. The AUC of the model in training group was 0.933 (95%CI 0.862-1.000), the sensitivity was 92.3%, the specificity was 89.2%, and the model accuracy was 90.5%. The calibration curve showed the good calibration ( P=0.257). The AUC value in test group was 0.875 (95%CI 0.734-1.000), the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 72.7%, 87.5% and 81.5%. The calibration curve showed the good calibration ( P=0.125). Conclusion:The radiomics prediction model based on unenhanced CT texture analysis have application potential for the evaluation of WHO/ISUP grading of ccRCC.

Using the data from normal tongue and lip colors of normal people which were collected by the visible reflection spectrum, we analyzed the colorimetric parameters of tongue and lip colors.

Objective To discuss theoretical structure model for the scale of recurrent oral ulcer (ROU) with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics; To lay a theoretical foundation for further developing scale. Methods This study followed international patients reported outcome (PRO) scale development specification, combined TCM theories, including the theory of mouth dominate and five internal organs correlation, uniformed spirit and body, correspondence between human and the universe, seven emotions, constructed theoretical structure of PRO scale of ROU. Results The theoretical structure of PRO scale of ROU included four major areas as physiology, psychology, independence, and society and nature. Conclusion Theoretical model of PRO scale of ROU laies the foundation and provides the oretical guidance for the formulation of PRO scale of the ROU.

Aim To make a research of rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury on pathological changes in brain and the changes of AQP4 and related proteins, in order to explore the relationship between AQP4 and brain edema. Methods Adult male SD rats, weighting 250~300 g, were randomly divided in-to Sham group and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion ( I/R) injury model group. The I/R model group was di-vided into the I/R-6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h-four time point groups. The animal model of the right MCA is-chemia/reperfusion was established by suture method in mature SD rats. The nerve symptom score was con-ducted in the corresponding time points. Then, the permeability of brain tissue was detected by EB stai-ning;TTC staining was conducted to observe the cere-bral infarction volume;the dry wet weight method was used to detect the changes of brain water content; im-munohistochemical( IHC) , WB and RT-PCR were ap-plied to detect the expression of AQP4 , and the related factors at different time points of the model rats after is-chemia-reperfusion around infarcts. Results Com-pared with the Sham group, then ever function score of the rats in I/R model groups were much higher. With the increase of the reperfusion time, the cerebral in-farction volume, brain tissue permeability and the brain water content were also increased. IHC results showed that AQP4 expression gradually rose with widen distribution. WB and RT-PCR results verified the in-creasing level of AQP4 expression. The detection of the related proteins expression showed apparent changes. The expression of MMP-9 was increased, while the Oc-cludin and JAM-1 expression showed a decreasing trend. The I/R-48 h model group showed the most ob-vious differences in the expression of the related pro-teins and mRNA ( P <0. 01 vs Sham, respectively ) . Conclusion Accompanied with the aggravating cere-bral injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the ex-pression of AQP4 and MMP-9 level were activated, while the degradation of TJPs, Occludin and JAM-1, was increased. These factors are combined to make the formation of brain edema. This study makes a further research on the formation mechanism of the early stage for cerebral edema on I/R model and offers a potential for intervention in the filed of looking for a reliable drug therapy on cerebral edema.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sequential platinum regimen in young patients with diffuse large B-cell lym-phoma (DLBCL). Methods:Newly diagnosed young patients with DLBCL, who were hospitalized from January 2005 to June 2012 in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, were selected according to the requirements. The patients were divided into stan-dard and sequential platinum regimen groups. The remission rates were compared usingχ2 test, whereas the five-year survival rates between the two groups were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate survival analysis was performed using the Cox proportional regression. Subgroup analysis was conducted to select candidate patients for the sequential platinum regimen. Results:A total of 331 patients were enrolled in the study, in which 129 were provided with sequential platinum regimen and 202 were provided with the standard regimen. Sequential regimen yielded higher rates of complete remission (80%vs. 63%, P=0.001), five-year progres-sion-free survival (PFS;60%vs. 50%, P=0.014), and overall survival (OS;70%vs. 58%, P=0.016) than the standard regimen. Multivariate analysis revealed that sequential regimen was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio HR=0.635, P=0.012) and OS (HR=0.625, P=0.021). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with good prognosis and patients who did not receive rituximab benefited more from the sequential platinum regimen. Sequential platinum regimen did not increase the occurrence of adverse effects com-pared with the standard regimen. Conclusion:Sequential platinum regimen is a safe treatment that can improve the survival of young patients with DLBCL. Patients with good prognosis and patients who did not receive rituximab can benefit more from the treatment with sequential platinum regimen.

A HPLC-QTOF MS method was established for analysis of components in Ophiocordyceps sinensis . The HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB Aq (150 mmí4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gr adient elution (5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate aqueous solution-acetonitrile), flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1 and detection wave-length was 260 nm. The developed method was successfully applied in analysis of three different samples in-cluding O. sinensis, Hirsutella sinensis ( anamorph of O.sinensis) and Cordyceps militaris. Nine compounds were i-dentified in both O.sinensis and H.sinensis, which eight compounds were identified in C.militaris.