Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are the five BRIC countries which have showed a rapid growth in economic development in recent years especially in international health assistance area, which has gradually become a force that cannot be ignored. This article compares and analyzes the current status and character-istics of the BRIC countries in the field of international health assistance and compares them with the Countries of the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization's Development Assistance Committee ( ECDO-DAC) . It will also summarize the new features, advantages and disadvantages of the health development assistance exerted by the BRICS countries;and ultimately provide suggestions for the future international health development aid policy of China.

Objective To explore the application of steatosis liver donor (SLD) in piggyback liver transplantation (PBLT). Methods Sixty-four cases of SLD were subjected to PBLT and classified into light steatosis liver (S1,22 cases),moderate steatosis liver (S2,25 cases),and severe steatosis liver (S3,17 cases) groups.Eighty cases of non fatty liver selected randomly in the same period served as controls. The liver and renal function at the day of surgery,postoperative liver function recovery,complications one month after surgery,and the death of recipients were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the liver and renal function between steatosis liver groups and control group at the day of surgery (P＞0.05). At 21st day after surgery,the liver function of 95％ recipients in control group returned to the normal level,and the liver function recovery rate in S1,S2 and S3 groups was 90.9％,80.0％,and 70.6％ respectively.Graft primary nonfunction occurred in 2 cases (11.8％) of S3 group. The incidence of complications such as bleeding,infection,hepatic artery thrombosis,ascites,sepsis in S1,S2 and S3 groups was higher than in control group (P＜0.05).One year after operation,there were two deaths in control group,one in S1 group,one in S2 group,and 5 in S3 group,respectively.Conclusion SLD can be used for transplantation,but for the transplantation with severe steatosis liver,it should be carried out carefully.

Polysaccharide was extracted by boiling water reflux method from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Additionally, the purified polysaccharide was obtained by removing protein with Sevage way, ethanol precipitation, centrifugation, run water dialysis, membrane separation, concentration and frozen-drying. The structural characteristics, chain conformation and triple-helix conformation of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) were distinguished by Smith degradation, methylation analysis, and the wavelength change of the red shift of the mixture of polysaccharide and Congo red in alkaline solution, as well as IR, GC-MS, NMR, and visible spectrometry. The results indicated that GLP was a linear (1→3) β-D-Glcp main chain linkage. Its monosaccharide component was predominantly composed of D-Glc, and small amount of galactose, mannose, xylose and idose, residues of branches terminated with substituted at 1→6 by a small number of single-unit β-D-Glcp side-chains, it′s also observed that the (1→3)-linked β-D- glucan contained a triple-helical conformation, which was composed of a repeating unit with a structure as below:→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→3)-]_n-β-D-Glcp-(1→.↑6/1β-D-Glcp

Objective To discuss the indications,technical skills and the therapeutic effects of percutaneous lumbar diskectomy(PLD) for the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in patients over 70 years.Methods From August 2004 to July 2008,PLD was performed in 48 patients(aged 70-79) with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.A total of 58 lumbar intervertebral disc herniations were detected,all of which were encapsulated intervertebral disc herniation.Fifty-two patients,who showed similar symptoms,signs and same imaging manifestations and were 70-81 years old,were randomly selected as control group to receive conservative treatment.Results Of 56 lumbar intervertebral disc herniations,54 were successfully punctured with a successful rate of 96.4%.All patients were followed up.The excellent rate and the effective rate at 6 months were 29.1% and 52.1% respectively for PLD group,while that were 19.2% and 36.5% respectively for control group.The excellent rate and the effective rate at 12 months were 25.0% and 47.9% respectively for PLD group,while that were 17.3% and 32.7% respectively for control group.At both 6 and 12 months after the treatment,the therapeutic effects of PLD group were significantly better than that of control group,the difference were statistically significant(?2=7.45,P

The better conditions for flask fermentation of Grifola frondosa are:QF medium.25℃.pH4 5 filled volume 60mL/500mL flask.rotated speed 100rpm.When 0 4%CMC is added to medium,the growing point of mycelia can increase and the biomass is rised.Scale\|up test has done in 10 litre airlift bioreactor.The rate of biotransformation between biomass and original sugar or between biomass and consuming sugar is over 24% or up to 435%.In mycelium the polysaccharide content is 10 2%.In culture fluid the polysaccharide content is 1 38%.

Objective To analyze the nutritional composition of lipids in silkworm chrysalis (Bombyx mori L.). Method Crude lipids were extracted by chloroform/methanol, and fatty acid, tocopherol, sterol and phospholipid composition in silkworm chrysalis were determined by GC, HPLC and TLC methods. Results Silkworm chrysalis was rich in lipid (32.79%) in which the most abundant fatty acids were C18:3 (32.79%), C18:1 (32.53%), C16:0 (22.42%), but C18:2 (4.37%), C18:0 (5.73%) and C16:1 (0.57%) were relatively less. The sterols included cholesterol (67.35%), ?-sitosterol (19.21%), and trace amount of campesterol (0.28%) and brassicasterol (0.30%). Total tocopherols detected were at an average concentration of 486 mg/kg, including ?-tocopherol (44.85%), ?(+ ? )-tocopherol (44.57%), and ?-tocopherol (10.85%). The phospholipid content was about 1.17mg/g, among which, phosphorylcholine about 41.8%. Conclusion Silkworm chrystalis (Bombyx mori L.) could be a good source of nutritional edible oil rich in unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipids, phytosterols and tocopherols, particularly ?-linolenic acid, ?-sistosterol and ?-tocopherol.

10.3969/j.issn.1008-9691.2013.03.008

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis combined with vascular intervention for treatment of patients with acute intracranial large arterial occlusion.Methods Clinical data of 7 patients with acute intracranial large arterial occlusion treated by using alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis combined with intravascular intervention admitted to Department of Neurosurgery in Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of Cinese People's Armed Police Force from July 2015 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All the 7 patients were treated by alteplase dry powder (50 mg or 20 mg each ampule),solvent dose was 0.9 mg/kg,the maximum dose being ＜ 90 mg,firstly 10％ dose was intravenously injected,and the remaining dose was continuously infused into a vein in 60 minutes,during or after intravenous thrombolysis,digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed immediately,and according to the results of the angiography,at least one of the 3 kinds of intravascular mechanical intervention therapy,thrombectomy,balloon dilatation or stent placement,were chosen,and 24 hours after surgery,the anti-platelet aggregation drug and calcium channel antagonists were given,The effect of interventional therapy was analyzed,and the clinical outcome of 90-day treatment was evaluated.Results The mean age of the patients was (60.0 ± 12.6) years.Seven patients all successfully completed the treatment,and satisfactory re-canalization was achieved [they all obtained grade 3 or 2b in accord with the gradation of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia Scale (TICI)] in all the 7 cases (100％),after treatment,the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was significantly lower than that before treatment (5.86 ±4.10 vs.19.71 ± 5.56,P ＜0.01).Clinical outcome of 90-day follow up was excellent [Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-2] in 3 cases (42.8％).Conclusion Using alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis combined with endovascular intervention for treatment of patients with acute intracranial large arterial occlusion can achieve good re-canalization rate.

Objective To explore the effect of prevention and treatment of external application of Algoplaque for controlling phlebitis caused by peripheral indewelling needle in vein for patients. Methods This research was divided into two parts,prevention and treatment. As for prevention research,patients were randomly divided into the experimental and the control groups,each group included 30 patients. In the experimental group,we applied directly external application of Algoplaque at the upper of needle puncture site of the vein and nearby the eye. In the control group,we applied the film directly to fix the indwelling needle. As for the treatment research, it was carried out in patients with occurred phlebitis, who were randomly divided into two groups,the experimental group included 30 cases of patients and the control group included 28 cases of patients. Observation time was one to five days. Results The incidence of phlebitis in the experimental group of prevention research was 23%, in the control group it was 90%. The incidence of phlebitis in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The effective rate in the experimental group of treatment research was 96.7% and it was 67.9% in the control group. The difference was very significant. Conclusions External application of Algoplaque can effectively control phlebitis caused by peripheral indewelling needle in vein.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of CT-guided percutaneous puncture of stylomastoid foramen and radiofrequency ablation on primary hemifacial spasm. Methods Twenty-seven patients with primary hemifacial spasm, admitted to and accepted CT-guided percutaneous puncture of stylomastoid foramen and radiofrequency ablation in our hospital from August 2018 to May 2019, were chosen in our study. Clinical data and efficacy of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were punctured to the stylomastoid foramen precisely under the guidance of CT localization; 21 could detect facial muscle twitch with 0.1-0.5 mA current, and positive results were also found in 6 patients with 0.5 mA current after adjusting the position of the needle tip. After standard radio frequency ablation (mean 83.3 ℃ for 23.7 seconds), 26 patients had complete disappearance of facial spasm, but left grade II (n=18) or grade III (n=8) facial paralysis; one patient with disappearance of abnormal electromyographic response waveform as the end criterion only partially relieved, but no facial paralysis. No facial hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage, infection, or death occurred. Follow-up for 2-12 months showed no recurrence or aggravation of facial paralysis. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous puncture of stylomastoid foramen by radio frequency ablation can effectively treat primary hemifacial spasm, but there will be mild facial paralysis.