With the 2015 deadline for fast approaching the millennium development goals ( MDGs) , attention has turned to what should follow.The post-2015 development agenda is due to be adopted by the world leaders in a high-level summit which was held in New York in September 2015 .This paper summarizes the health-related MDGs progress and suggestions, describes the negotiations process on the health-related post-2015 development agenda, dis-cusses the proposed framework of the sustainable development goals and its indicators, and then provides some sug-gestions on the Chinese participation in the post-2015 development agenda as well as in the upcoming high-level sum-mit.

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are the five BRIC countries which have showed a rapid growth in economic development in recent years especially in international health assistance area, which has gradually become a force that cannot be ignored. This article compares and analyzes the current status and character-istics of the BRIC countries in the field of international health assistance and compares them with the Countries of the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization's Development Assistance Committee ( ECDO-DAC) . It will also summarize the new features, advantages and disadvantages of the health development assistance exerted by the BRICS countries;and ultimately provide suggestions for the future international health development aid policy of China.

Objective To study the changes of serum myeloperoxidase(MPO)in patients with acute ischemic stroke ,and to probe into the relationship of serum MPO with types of carotid atherosclerotic plaques ,the degree of neural function defect and the activi‐ties of daily living (Barthel Index) .Methods Totally 78 cases of patients with acute ischemic stroke was selected as observation ob‐jects .The patients with acute ischemic stroke were divided into good ,medium and poor three groups according to Barthel index . Based on the scoring of neurologic impairment degree from standards of CSS :mild impairment group(0 to 15 points) ,moderate im‐pairment group(16 to 30 points) ,and severe impairment group(31 to 45 points) .Based on the type of atherosclerotic plaques all pa‐tients were divided into soft plaque group ,mixed plaque and hard plaque group .The 1evels of serum MPO was compared between different group .Results The heavier nerve function defect degree ,the levels of serum MPO in patients with ischemic stroke were higher ,and it had significant difference between groups (P<0 .05) .The Barthel index was the better ,the levels of serum MPO was lower .The levels of serum MPO was different among the soft plaque group ,mixed plaque and hard plaque group ,and its were sig‐nificantly different between the three groups ,and the type of atherosclerotic plaque was related to the neural function defect and Barthel index level .Conclusion Ischemic stroke is associated with serum MPO levels ,neurological deficits ,Barthel index and stabil‐ity of atherosclerotic plaque ,and the levels of serum M PO is helpful for judging state of the disease and guiding in clinical diagnosis and treatment .

Objective: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and the significance of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), which is modulated by VEGF, in the invasion of gastric carcinoma. Methods: Expression of VEGF in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric tissues was detected by Western blot. MTT was used to measure the proliferation of AGS cells while real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of MMP-9 at mRNA and protein level in AGS cells. Results: The expression of VEGF in gastric carcinoma was significantly higher than that of controls; the expression of MMP-9 in AGS cells with VEGF was significantly higher than that of controls at mRNA and protein level. Conclusion: Both VEGF and MMP-9 participate in the progression of gastric carcinoma, and VEGF may promote the invasion of gastric carcinoma by upregulating the expression of MMP-9.

Purpose To study the clinical features,pathological manifestation and immunohistochemical phenotype and improve the diagnosis and treatment of myoepithelial carcinoma in salivary glands.Methods Histomorphology and immunohistochemical phenotype were analyzed after the sections were stained with routine HE and immunohistochemical methods,and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results The tumours were predominantly composed of pale-stained clear cells.In some cases,plasma-like cells,epithelioid cells and spindle cells were also seen.The cells were arranged in nest,solid or cords.Mitosis was easily seen,cytological atypia was obvious and necrosis existed in 4 cases.The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that CK was expressed in all cases.EMA was expressed in 8 cases.p63 and CK5/6 were expressed in 11 cases.S-100 was expressed in 10 cases.vimentin was expressed in 4 cases.Calponin was expressed in 2 cases.SMA was expressed in one case.The proliferation index of Ki-67 was 5％ to 40％.Conclusion The histological changes of myoepithelial carcinoma cells are diverse,and pathological and immunohistochemical methods are helpful for improving the rate of right diagnosis.Sugery is the main treatment for myoepithelial carcinoma.

Objective To establish a direct reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( RT-qPCR-D ) method for detecting serum circulating B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site-1 (Bmi-1) mRNA, and analyze the levels of serum circulating Bmi-1 mRNA in colorectal cancer patients by using of this method for exploring its diagnosis value in colorectal cancer.Methods Methodology establishment.RNA was extracted from colorectal cancer HT 29 cell line, and detection standard curves of Bmi-1, ubiquitin C ( UBC), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH) mRNAs were established , then the amplification efficiencies were calculated.Bmi-1 mRNA level was directly detected in serum and preparation buffer mixture , then the specificity of assay was evaluated by melting curve, and detection limit was observed through diluted serum samples.The serum circulating Bmi-1 mRNA levels were detected by ELISA in 158 cases with colorectal cancer , of which there were 26 cases of tumor node metastasis ( TNM)Ⅰstage, 53 cases of TNMⅡ, 47 cases of TNMⅢ, 32 cases of TNMⅣand 53 cases of controls with normal colonoscopy collected from January 2008 to January 2009 in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.Comparisons of groups were determined by applying Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test, and receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curves were established to illustrate the diagnostic performance.Results The log values of Bmi-1, UBC and GAPDH showed good linear correlations with quantification cycle (Cq) values(R2 =0.990, 0.990, 0.991, all P <0.001), and the amplification efficiencies were 0.875, 0.917 and 0.935, respectively.Using the established RT-qPCR-D method, the peak of melting curve of Bmi-1, UBC and GAPDH mRNAs were single, the detection limit was up to 1.25μl.The levels of serum circulating Bmi-1 mRNA detected by RT-qPCR-D were 0.138 ( 0.078-0.228 ) in colorectal cancer stage Ⅰ patients, 0.163(0.067 -0.287) instage Ⅱ patients, 0.217(0.072-0.267) instage Ⅲpatients, 0.273(0.139 -0.419) in stage Ⅳ patients and 0.021(0.008 -0.029) in health controls, a significant difference was found among groups ( H =89.5, P <0.001 ).The levels of serum circulating Bmi-1 mRNA in each stage colorectal cancer were all significantly higher than that in control group(U=58.0, 287, 246, 72.5,all P<0.001).The levels in Ⅳstage patients were significantly higher than those in other stages patients (U=247, 590, 540,P=0.008, 0.020, 0.035), while no significant differences among Ⅰstage,Ⅱstage and Ⅲstage patients(U=633, 514, 1170,all P>0.05).ROC curve analysis showed area under the ROC curve ( AUC) for serum circulating Bmi-1 mRNA was 0.921(95%CI=0.876-0.953), which was significantly superior to the AUC of CEA (0.745, 95%CI=0.680-0.802, Z=4.697, P<0.001 ).When cutoff value was 0.034, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 89.2%(141/158) and 90.6%(48/53), while 41.8%(66/158) and 73.6%(39/53) using CEA.The AUC for combination of circulating Bmi-1 mRNA and CEA was 0.933(95%CI=0.890-0.963 ) , which was no statistical significance when compared with the AUC of circulating Bmi-1 mRNA(Z=4.697, P>0.05).Conclusions The study establishes a higher sensitive, specific for detecting serum circulating Bmi-1 mRNA. Based on this method , serum circulating Bmi-1 mRNA is found to be increased in colorectal cancer , and is superior to traditional tumor marker CEA in diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which may become a potential detection index for early detection of colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of EZH2 in breast cancer and its clinicopathological significance.

METHODSEighty cases of invasive breast cancer with complete clinlcpathological data and follow-up information were enrolled in the study. The expressions of ER, PR, HER-2, CK5/6, CK14, EGFR and EZH2 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship of EZH2 expression with molecular subtypes and prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed.

RESULTSIn 80 cases of breast cancer, there were 49 cases of Luminal subtype, 8 cases of HER-2(+) subtype, 20 cases of Basal-like subtype and 3 cases of Normal breast-like subtype. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer were associated with menopausal status of patients. Luminal subtype had the highest overall survival rate, while the Basal-like carcinomas were associated with the lowest survival (P< 0.05). The overall EZH2-positive expression rate was 45.00% and the expression was correlated with axillary lymph node metastasis, histological grading and clinical staging of breast cancer (P < 0.05). The EZH2-positive expression rates in Luminal subtype, HER-2(+) subtype and Basal-like subtype of breast cancers were 34.6%,50.0% and 70.0%, respectively (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONPositive expression of EZH2 may indicate a poor prognosis of breast cancer patients and it might be used as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer of Basal-like subtype.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism

Objective:To observe the curative effects of triplane intra-articular osteotomy in the treatment of malunion of calcaneal intra-articular fracture.Methods:The 16 patients were retrospectively analyzed who had been admitted to Foot and Ankle Surgery Department, Honghui Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 for malunion of calcaneal intra-articular fracture. They were 12 males and 4 females, with an average age of 43.4 years (from 31 to 58 years). The left side was affected in 10 cases and the right side in 6 cases. All malunions were type Yu Ⅱ (compressed bone fragments on the posterior articular surface) and treated with triplane intra-articular osteotomy. The curative effects were assessed by comparing the radiological parameters, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, pain visual analog scale (VAS) and psychological and physical scores in Health Survey 12-item Short Form (SF-12) between preoperation and the final follow-up.Results:All the patients were followed up for 20 to 60 months (average, 42.9 months); the bone healing time was 10 to 14 weeks (average, 11.5 weeks). At the final follow-up, their B?hler angle (25.7°±2.3°), Gissane angle (117.1°±5.8°), Meary angle (2.9°±1.3°), talocalcaneal angle (31.3°±3.0°), hindfoot alignment angle (3.9°±1.8°), ankle height [(82.3±2.6) mm], calcaneus height [(56.9±2.4) mm], calcaneus width [(41.4±2.1) mm], AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score [(82.3±7.3) points], median VAS score [3 (2, 3) points], SF-12 psychological score [(46.6±3.6) points], and SF-12 physiological score [(43.6±3.5) points] were significantly improved than the preoperative values [8.4°±2.7°, 137.5°±9.3°, 8.3°±4.3°, 24.6°±3.7°, -4.6°±3.2°, (76.1±3.1) mm, (53.8±3.0) mm, (50.2±2.2) mm, (51.9±7.7) points, 6 (6, 7) points, (37.5±3.8) points, and (31.0±2.6) points] (all P<0.01) Conclusion:In the treatment of type Yu Ⅱ malunion of calcaneal intra-articular fracture, triplane osteotomy can anatomically reduce the bone fragments of collapsed posterior articular surface, reshape the normal anatomy of the calcaneus, and preserve the subtalar joint, leading to positive short- and mid-term follow-up effects.

Background: The outbreak and global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attracts a great deal of attentions to the problem of travel health. Cruise tourism is increasingly popular, with an estimated 30 million passengers transported on cruise ships worldwide each year. Safeguarding the health of cruise travelers during the entire travel is of ultimate importance for both the industry and global public health.Objective: This study aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities in travel health from the perspective of global health governance. Methods: The global governance framework including problems, values, tools or regulations, and actors related to travel health were used to analyze the issues involved. Results: Up to April 2020, nearly thirty cruise ship voyages reported COVID-19 cases. The Diamond Princess, Grand Princess and Ruby Princess cruise ship had over 1,400 total reported COVID-19 cases, and more than 30 deaths. A community with a common future in travel health is the core value of global health governance for travel health. The travel-related international regulations, including the International Health Regulation (IHR [2005]), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) conventions should be further updated to deal with the travel health problems. The roles and responsibilities and the cooperation mechanisms of different actors are not clear in relation to the public health emergencies during the travel. Conclusion: Travel health transcends national borders and involves multilevel actors, thus needs global cooperation and governance. Regulations and legislation at global and country level are required to prevent large-scale humanitarian crisis on travel health. Multilateral coordination, cooperation and collaboration mechanisms between governments, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and industry are needed to build a better community of common destiny for travel health.

Objective: To explore the expression of KIF20A (kinesin family member 20A) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and to analyze the relationship between KIF20A expression level and clinicopathological factors in CRC patients. Meth-ods: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to analyze KIF20A mRNA expression in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. A total of 105 paraffin samples were obtained from CRC patients who had undergone surgery at Huai He Hospital of Henan University, from January 2011 to December 2012. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was performed to examine KIF20A pro-tein expression in tumor samples for which complete clinical and pathological data were available. Statistical analyses were applied to analyze the association between KIF20A expression and the clinical data, as well as with survival outcomes. Results: Bioinformatics analysis showed that the mRNA expression level of KIF20A was upregulated in CRC tissues and normal tissues (P<0.001). IHC revealed significantly higher expression of KIF20A in CRC tissues from 67 patients (64%) and lower or undetectable expression in 38 patients (36%). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Overexpression of KIF20A in CRC tissues was significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymphatic node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high levels of KIF20A expression had poor prognosis compared to patients with low levels of KIF20A expression. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that KIF20A was an independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC. Conclusions:KIF20A is upregulated in CRC tissues and could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.