Objective To study the relationship between the serum level of cholinesterase (CHE) and patient's clinical characteristics and serum levels of lactic dehydrogenate(LDH) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) patients. Methods The levels of CHE, LDH, β2-MG were detected with rate method and immunoassay respectively in 74 patients, and then these patients were divided into low (38 patients) and high level groups (36 patients) according to the serum CHE levels, compared with clinical characteristics and serum levels of LDH and β2-MG between the two groups. Results There were a significant difference in serum levels of CHE, LDH, β2-MG between the low and the high CHE level group [(3714.2 ±1207.1) U/L, (435.7±364.4) U/L, (4.3±2.9) mg/L; (7898.2± 1550.5) U/L, (247.4±134.8) U/L, (2.7±1.2) mg/L, respectively] (t =10.510, P =0.000; t =2.969, P =0.005; t =3.043, P =0.004, respectively). There were no statically significance in age, pathology type, leukocyte and platelet between the low and high serum CHE level groups (t =0.166, P =0.868; x2 =0.751, P=0.386; t =1.626, P=0.111; t =1.987, P=0.056, respectively). Patients with low CHE level group were mostly in Ann Arbor Ⅲ-Ⅳ period (x2 =9.394, P =0.024) and mostly male patients compared with the high CHE level group patients (x2 =5.432, P =0.020). The quantity of hemoglobin in the low CHE level group(97.6±25.8) g/L were lower than that of the high level group (113.4±15.2) g/L (t = 3.230, P =0.002). Conclusion The low CHE level was not correlated with age, pathology type, leukocyte and platelet, but was related with male, Ann Arbor Ⅲ-Ⅳ period, anemia, and higher expression of LDH, β2-MG.