Seventy-one pyramidal decussations of normal adult brains were observedin the present study, nine out of which together with a case of degeneration ofthe pyramidal system were examined microscopically. To these were added 9series of sections of adult brain stems and 11 series of new-born brain stems. Macroscopically, the pyramidal decussations in the Chinese brains fell into6 types: 1. no visible decussation; 2. unilateral single crossing; 3. bilateral singlecrossing; 4. interdigitating; 5. interlacing; and 6. mixed. Besides, in one casethe pyramidal decussation presented itself externally a rounded prominence. Macroscopic features were not in complete comformity with microscopic find-ings. Particularly at the two ends of the decussation, macroscopic obser-vation could not frequently be definite. Great variations were observed in the existence and magnitude of the ven-tral corticospinal tract. In the case of pyramidal degeneration, the direct ventrola-teral pyramidal tract was revealed.

This study demonstrated with the immunocytochemical ABC method that thedistribution pattern of TH,5-TH,SP,L-ENK and OXY immunoreactive fiberswere alike in the intermediate zone of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord.These fibers located in the lateral funiculus,lateral horn,intermediate gray and thearea surrounding the central canal,forming a transversal fiber band with most ofthe fibers in the lateral horn.In the lateral horn,TH,5-HT,SP and L-ENKimmunoreactive fibers and terminals aggregated in fiber clusters and numerous fib-ers made up a longitudinal bundle running through the fiber clusters.These immuno-reative fibers and terminals surrounding the central canal and distributed mainly dorsalto it.TH and 5-HT fibers accumulated in midplane where some fibers ran in alongitudinal fiber bundle and bilateral fibers and terminals distributed sparsely.SP and L-ENK fibers and terminals were relatively less in the midplane whiledense laterally.All kinds of the immunoreactive fibers were found close to theependyma.Two small 5-HT fiber bundles ran parallel and lateral to the centralcanal and a small SP fiber bundle ventral to it.Moderate immunoreactive fiberswere found periodically in the intermediate gray and formed distinct bands to linkfiber clusters in the lateral horn and fibers dorsal to the central canal.The imm- unoreactive fibers in lateral funiculus accumulated near the lateral horn and mostdensely in upper thoracic cord.OXY-containing fibers were much less than theothers,thus obvious fiber clusters,longitudinal bundle or transversal bands had notbeen found.In general,the distribution pattern of some monoaminergic and pepti-dergic fibers in the intermediate zone was provided with a laddershaped configura-tion.The two longitudinal immunoreactive fiber bundles——dorsal to the centralcanal and within the lateral horn,located medial and lateral in the spinal grayrespectively,and the transversal bands appeared periodically in the intermediate graybridging between the two longitudinal bundles.This configuration of immunorea-ctive fibers coincided with nuclear regions which contained preganglionic sympatheticneurons as well as their dendrites.

The paper indicates the problems and chalenge that new technological newtution brings to medical ethics. Also, it gives three representative opinions of new technological relution and discusses how to that their controadiction and unity.

0.999. Conclusion The precision and accuration of this method can satisfy the determination of VOCs in indoor air, this method is simple, rapid and easy to be popularized also.

Objective To compare the efficacy of laparoscopy versus traditional surgery for elderly patients undergoing nephrectomy.Methods Totally 134 elderly patients undergoing nephrectomy diagnosed by CT or PET-CT were divided into the laparoscopy group and the traditional surgery group (n=67,each).Clinical symptoms,operation time,bleeding volume,analgesic use,the duration of drainage,exhaust time,length of hospital stay,adverse reactions and death rate were recorded.All patients were followed-up for 2 years.Results There were significant differences in the bleeding volume,operation time,analgesic use,duration of drainage and exhaust time between the laparoscopy group and the traditional surgery group [(141.2 ± 23.3) ml vs.(175.7 ± 31.7) ml,(162.4±13.1) min vs.(177.6±13.1) min,(60.7±15.1) mgvs.(89.2±17.7) mg,(2.4±0.9) d vs.(4.0±1.1) d,t=2.92,5.21,15.94,10.5,respectively,all P＜0.05].The incidence of postoperation complications was lower in the laparoscopy group than in the traditional group [4 cases (6.0％) vs.15 cases (22.4％),x2=11.03,P=0.001].Tumor relapse was found in 2 cases in the laparoscopy group and 3 patients in the traditional group.1 patient died in laparoscopy group and 2 patients in traditional group,respectively.There were no significant differences in tumor relapse and death rate between groups (both P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Laparoscopy is safe and effective for elderly patients undergoing nephrectomy and it can reduce the complications and adverse reactions,which can be the first choice for elderly patients undergoing nephrectomy.

The ultrastructural characteristics of the lateral horn of the cat and rat revea-led by present study included:(1)The neurons of cell clusters in the lateral hornwere fusiform or oval,oriented rostrocaudally and possessed similar fine structures.The dendrites often protruded from the rostral and caudal poles of the cell bodies.The synapses on neuronal somata were sparse,for usually only 0-5 buttons contac-ted the plasmalemma in each neuronal profile.A little amount of neuropil existedbetween cell bodies in the cell clusters,even sometimes the plasma membranes ofadjacent cell bodies apposited directly.(2)Most dendrites in the lateral horn ranlongitudinally and paralleled with one another.Numerous dendrites aggregated inthe ventral part of the cell clusters,constituting a dendrite bundle in which adja-cent dendrites apposited directly and were surrounded by glial processes.(3)Manyunmyelinated fibers and fiber bundles ran longitudinally in the lateral horn.Theywere parallel with the neuronal and dendritic profiles.Unmyelinated fiber bundlesconsisted of the fibers with diameter less than one micron,and their terminal bottonsoften compacted together.(4)The majority of the synapses in the lateral horn wereaxodendritic synapses.A small number of axosomatic and axoaxonic synapses werefound,occasionally synaptic glomeruli and serial synapses were observed.Most ofthe buttons contained round clear vesicles and some plus a few granular vesicles.

The synaptic organization of monoaminergic and peptidergic fibers in the lateral horn of the rat spinal cord was studied under electron microscopy by immunocytochemistry ABC method. TH, 5-HT, SP and L-ENK immunoreactive fibers in the lateral horn were unmyelinated. In the cell clusters of the lateral horn these fibers appeared in the space between cell bodies and some pressed on the soma, but axosomatic synapses were seldom found. Many immunoreactive fibers ran along the dendrites, especially in the dendritic bundle. Occasionally a small bundle of unmyelinated fibers all contained the same kind of substance. Majority of the immunoreactive boutons formed axodendritic synapses. All the four kinds of neuroactive substancecontaining boutons or varicosities contained almost round clear vesicles or plus a few large granular vesicles. The SP and L-ENK varicosities included more large granular vesicles than the boutons did. Both symmetrical and asymmetical contacts were encountered in TH, 5-HT, SP and L-ENK boutons.

Twenty two cases of acute agranulocytosis were treated with fetal liver infusion (FLI) in this study. The total effective rate was 90.91%. The FLI group markedly increased leukocyte counts and absolute value of granulocytes as compared with the control group. There were no significant side effects. The result shows that FLI would be helpful in the treatment of acute agranulocytosis. The mechanism of treatment of acute agranulocytosis with FLI is also discussed.

Objective To investigate the pollution condition and concentration variability of TVOC in different time after the decoration finished. Methods 57 newly decorated houses were collected in two districts in Guiyang and TVOC monitoring was conducted for 6 months. Results At the first monitoring time, the content range of TVOC was 0.532-23.560 mg/m3 and the median was 2.573 mg/m3. The content range of high, middle and low concentration after determination was 5.520-23.560 mg/m3, 2.004-4.993 mg/m3 and 0.532-1.905 mg/m3 respectively and the median was 10.150, 2.320, 1.074 mg/m3 respectively. 147 days after the decoration the concentration decreased to 0.6 mg/m3. Conclusion The pollution of TVOC in the newly decorated houses is severe. 147 days after the decoration, the concentration of TVOC may decrease and reaches to under the standard limit.

Objective To evaluate the application of CT myelography (CTM) in detecting the site of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and analyze it's imaging features.Methods Six patients (3 women and 3 men) with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) were included, who met the criteria of the International Headache Classification (2nd edition, 2004). Five patients subsequently underwent whole spine MRI and all 6 patients underwent CTM. Autologous blood mixed with omnipaque (300 mg/ml) was injected followed by selective puncture at the leak site indicated by CTM. Results MRI was failed to find leak site in the 5 patients, whereas CTM successfully found leak sites in all 6 patients. There were 1 to 7 leak sites respectively with an average of 4.2 sites (totally 25 points). Leak sites at cervical (12 sites) and thoracic (12 sites) were more frequent than at lumbar (1 site). CTM was featured by linear leakage of the contrast medium along the spinal nerve roots, paraspinal collections of hyper-density contrast medium and beak-like enlargement of the nerve sleeves. All patients responded well to the treatment, with complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusion CTM has been shown to be a study of choice to accurately define the location and extent of a CSF leak.