In a variety of pathological conditions,capillaries grow from corneal limbus to the central cornea area,to form corneal neovascularization (CNV).CNV destroys the normal corneal microenvironment, reduces the transparency of cornea, seriously affects visual acuity and leads to corneal transplantation immune rejection.Corneal microenvironment includes inflammatory mediators, cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM).Studies showed that corneal microenvironment changes have a close relationship with CNV.This article reviewed the relationship of corneal microenvironment with CNV.

Objective To observe the effects of different hypothermia on cerebral oxygen metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods 20 patients undergoing valvular replacements were randomly divided in two groups:shallow hypothermia group(30℃) and middle hypothermia group(26℃).Blood gas analysis and lactate concentration in arterial and internal jugular vein blood were monitored at 3 time points during operation,from which the arterial-internal jugular venous oxygen content difference(Ca-jvO 2),cerebral oxygen extraction ratio(ERO 2),cerebral lactate production(ADVL) were calculated.Results CaO 2,Ca-jvO 2 and ERO 2 of the two groups were significantly reduced(P0 05) at the same time points.Ca-jvO 2 at the T 3 time point was both lower(P

Background Full femtosecond laser refractive surgery has been generally applied,but the improvement of visual quality after surgery is a vital problem.It is well-known that modulation transfer function (MTF) is a major evaluation indicator.Objective To investigate the change of the MTF of operated eyes after the full femtosecond laser refractive surgery.Methods A retrospective series of cases study was adopted.Forty eyes of 23 patients with the spherical equivalent of-2.25 to-5.75 D who received full femtosecond laser refractive surgery were enrolled in Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command from July to October,2012.The change of visual acuities was analyzed and compared among before operation and 1 day,1 week and 1 month after operation.MTF value in total aberration,low and high order aberrations under the 3.0 mm and 6.0 mm pupil size conditions were detected with i-Trace Visual Function Analyzer at above time points.The MTF values among various time points,between different pupil diameters and different spatial frequencies (5,10,15,20,25 c/d) were compared respectively.Results Compared with the preoperation,the visual acuity improved in postoperative 1 day,1 week and 1 month,showing a significant improvement among various time points (F =10.341,P =0.000).Corrected diopter was 3.795 D at average.MTF values under the 3 mm pupil diameter gradually elevated with the lapse of time after operation,without significant differences among different time points whatever total aberration,low and high order aberrations(all at P＞0.05).The MTF values under 6 mm pupil diameter of total aberration and low order aberration were significantly higher in postoperation than those in preoperation(all at P＜0.05),but no significant difference was seen in MTF of high order aberration among various time points (F =0.260,P =0.854).Compared with the MTF under the 3 mm pupil diameter,those of low and high order aberrations under the 6 mm pupil diameter considerably declined in preoperation and postoperative 1 month (preoperation:P =0.050,0.001 ; postoperation:P =0.012,0.001).MTF values under the 3 mm pupil diameter were not different at various spatial frequencies (all at P＞ 0.05).However,MTF values under the 6 mm pupil diameter were gradually increased from preoperation through postoperative 1 month at 10,15,20 and 25 c/d (P =0.044,0.043,0.024,0.014).Conclusions Full femtosecond laser refractive surgery can eliminate low aberration,increase the MTF and acuity,and therefore improve the visual quality.MTF is one of the key indicators assessing visual quality after full femtosecond laser refractive surgery.

The bovine enterovirus (BEV) is a pathogen found the digestive tracts of cattle. Recently, the BEV was discovered in cattle in a province in China. A rapid and effective detection method for the BEV is essential. An assay was carried out using two specific primers designed to amplify a highly conserved sequence of the 3D gene. A recombinant plasmid containing the target gene 3D was constructed as a standard control. The limit of detection of the reaction was 7.13 x 10(1) plasmid copies/μL of initial templates, which was tenfold more sensitive than the conventional reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, the assay was highly specific because all negative controls and other viruses of clinical relevance did not develop positive results. Assay performance on field samples was evaluated on 44 (41 diarrhea and 3 aerosol) samples and compared with the conventional RT-PCR assay. Sixteen diarrhea samples were positive (16/41, 39. 02%) and 3 aerosol samples were positive (3/3, 100%). Preliminary results for clinical detection showed that the SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay was highly sensitive, specific and reproducible. The robustness and high-throughput performance of the developed assay make it a powerful tool in diagnostic applications for epidemics and in BEV research.
Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; diagnosis ; virology ; DNA Primers ; chemistry ; genetics ; Enterovirus Infections ; diagnosis ; veterinary ; virology ; Enterovirus, Bovine ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Organic Chemicals ; chemistry ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic debilitating disease of domestic and wild ruminants. However, widespread point-of-care testing is infrequent due to the lack of a robust method. The isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique has applied for rapid diagnosis. Herein, RPA combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay was developed to estimate DNA from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. First, analytical specificity and sensitivity of the RPA-nfo primer and probe sets were assessed. The assay successfully detected M. paratuberculosis DNA in 30 min at 39℃ with a detection limit of up to eight copies per reaction, which was equivalent to that of the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. The assay was specific, as it did not amplify genomes from five other Mycobacterium spp. or five pathogenic enteric bacteria. Six hundred-twelve clinical samples (320 fecal and 292 serum) were assessed by RPA-LFD, qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The RPA-LFD assay yielded 100% sensitivity, 97.63% specificity, and 98.44% concordance rate with the qPCR results. This is the first report utilizing an RPA-LFD assay to visualize and rapidly detect M. paratuberculosis. Our results show this assay should be a useful method for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in resource-constrained settings.
Animals ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genome ; Limit of Detection ; Methods ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ; Mycobacterium avium ; Mycobacterium ; Paratuberculosis ; Point-of-Care Testing ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinases ; Ruminants ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) causes bovine ephemeral fever, which can produce considerable economic damage to the cattle industry. However, there is limited experimental evidence regarding the underlying mechanisms of BEFV. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a calcium and lipid-conjugated protein that binds phospholipids and the cytoskeleton in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner, and it participates in various cellular functions, including vesicular trafficking, organization of membrane domains, and virus proliferation. The role of the AnxA2 gene during virus infection has not yet been reported. In this study, we observed that AnxA2 gene expression was up-regulated in BHK-21 cells infected with the virus.Additionally, overexpression of the AnxA2 gene promoted the release of mature virus particles, whereas BEFV replication was remarkably inhibited after reducing AnxA2 gene expression by using the small interfering RNA (siRNA). For viral proteins, overexpression of the Matrix (M) gene promotes the release of mature virus particles. Moreover, the AnxA2 protein interaction with the M protein of BEFV was confirmed by GST pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Experimental results indicate that the C-terminal domain (268– 334 aa) of AxnA2 contributes to this interaction. An additional mechanistic study showed that AnxA2 protein interacts with M protein and mediates the localization of the M protein at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the absence of the AnxA2-V domain could attenuate the effect of AnxA2 on BEFV replication. These findings can contribute to elucidating the regulation of BEFV replication and may have implications for antiviral strategy development.

OBJECTIVETo perform a prospective,multicenter,open,randomized study to determine a treatment regimen for treatment-naive patients with refractory chronic hepatitis C (RHC) using the predictive value (PV) of early virological response (EVR).

METHODSA total of 438 patients from 18 hospitals were recruited between December 2008 and December 2010 and administered peg-interferon/ribavirin treatment for 12 weeks. Patients who achieved complete EVR (cEVR) were assigned to group A for a 48-week course of treatment, while patients without cEVR were randomly allocated to either group B 1 for a 72-week course of treatment or to group B2 for a 96-week course of treatment. Serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels at baseline,treatment weeks 4, 12 and 24, end of treatment, and post-treatment week 24 were measured and used to evaluate the efficiency of therapy.

RESULTSThe overall sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 85.1%. In all, 91.0% of patients achieved cEVR and were assigned to group A, which had an SVR rate of 90.8%. There was no statistically significant difference in the SVR rates of groups B1 and B2 (29.4% vs. 25.0%, P more than 0.05). The positive PV of rapid virological response (RVR), cEVR and delayed virological response (DVR) for SVR was 93.4%, 90.8% and 77.8% respectively, and the negative PV of RVR, EVR and DVR for SVR was 28.0%, 93.3% and 100% respectively. Overall, 66.9% of the patients experienced adverse events (AEs), but only 1.9% of patients experienced sevcre AEs.

CONCLUSIONThe majority of Chinese RHC treatmentna(i)ve patients (91.0%) can achieve cEVR and a high SVR rate with a low rate of severe AEs using the cEVR guided personal treatment regimen.