Background It is essential to measure and assess the parameters of ocular anterior segment for refractive surgery in myopic eyes.Some different imaging devices can be used for biometric measurement of ocular anterior segment,but which is more accurate and convenient is still under investigation.Objective This study was to compare the anterior segment parameters in myopic eyes measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT),Orbscan topography and ultrasonic pachymetry (US).Methods One hundred and forty eyes of 70 myopic subjects with the diopter of-0.75 to-10.25 D,who intended to receive corneal refractive surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from November 2011 to May 2012,were retrospectively analyzed.Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using AS-OCT,Orbscan Ⅱ and US,respectively,and anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured by AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ,and the angle to angle (ATA) distance and corneal white-to-white corneal distance (WTW) were measured by AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ,respectively.The parameters from different apparatuses were statistically compared.Results The mean CCT were (516.57±30.25) μm in AS-OCT,(523.68±31.87) μm in US and (514.69±38.40) μm in Orbscan Ⅱ,without significant difference among them (F =2.775,P =0.063).Then the patients were divided into three groups based on the US measurement of CCT (＜500 μm group,500-569 μm group,and ≥ 570 μm group).In the ＜500 μm group,there was a significant difference in the CCT among the three methods (F =22.236,P =0.000),significant differences were found between AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ,or Orbscan Ⅱ and US(both at P＜0.05).In the 500-569 μm group,there was no significant difference in the CCT among the three methods (F =3.011,P =0.051).In the ≥ 570 μm group,there was a significant difference in the CCT among the three methods (F =4.133,P =0.021),a significant difference was found between AS-OCT and US(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ (P＞0.05).The ACD values measured by AS-OCT was (3.83±0.21) mm,which was higher than (3.75 ± 0.21) mm by Orbscan Ⅱ,with a significant difference between them (t =-8.520,P =0.000).In addition,the ATA value by AS-OCT (12.43 mm±0.74 mm) was higher than the WTW value (11.42 mm±0.33 mm) by OrbscanⅡ,with a significant difference between them(t=-18.088,P=0.000).Conclusions AS-OCT,US and Orbscan Ⅱ can offer accurate CCT value,and they can provide references to one another before refractive surgery.However,the ACD,ATA and WTW values by AS-OCT and Orbscan]Ⅱ have large differences.

BACKGROUND:Apart from a complete resection of tumor tissues, the therapeutic goal for bone tumors is to maximize the repair and restoration of tissue defects and damaged functions. Autologous inactivated bone graft is of practical value for transplantation and reconstruction.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of improved Malawer method combined with replantation of inactivated tumor segment in the treatment of proximal fibular tumors.
METHODS: Since 2007, five patients with proximal fibular tumors (six sides) were admitted in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University. These five patients were subjected to distal femoral amputation, intralesional curettage and bone grafting, upper fibular osteotomy + tumor segment heating (boiling in 70℃ distiled water for 15 minutes) + inactivated bone replantation. Therapeutic effects were folowed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One case of amputation had no recurrence and systemic metastasis during 4 years of folow-up; one case of intralesional curettage and bone grafting relapsed 1 year after operation; three cases of upper fibular osteotomy + tumor segment heating + inactivated bone replantation folowed for 5 months recovered walking function and exhibited good healing of the outer structure of the knee, showing non-healing of inactivated tumor segment, non-remarkable calus formation, no local tumor recurrence, no loosening of internal fixation, and inactivated bone without fracture and absorption. These results confirmed that the tumor curettage and amputation both have obvious limitations; based on Malawer method, the replantation of inactive tumor segment can better ensure the structure integrity of the lower leg and in suit reconstruct the lateral biceps femoris tendon and the lateral colateral ligament, but geneticaly the revascularization and healing of inactivated bones wil be difficult and slow with temperature increases, and therefore the period of postoperative brace protection should be relatively extended, alowing time delay of strenuous exercise and avoiding complications such as fractures.

Objective: To investigate the snoring status of school-aged children in Beijing and explore the association of snoring and academic performance. Methods: A total of 7 925 children aged from 6 to 14 were selected from 15 primary and middle schools at 7 districts (Xicheng, Chaoyang, Changping, Shunyi, Fangshan, Huairou and Mentougou) in Beijing in 2015, using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. The recruited children were asked to complete the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and a questionnaire related to sleep behavior. The multiplelogistic regression was used to analyze the association of snoring and academic performance. Results: A total of 794 (12.44%) children showed a decline in academic performance among 6 383 eligible respondentsfor data analysis. 580 (9.08%) children with snoring was identified, of which 333 and 247 were in frequency of 1-2 times per week and frequency of ≥3 times per week, respectively; 357, 170 and 53 were in snoring grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ, respectively. Compared with the children without snoring, the OR (95%CI) for children with 1-2 times per week and ≥3 times per week was 1.363 (1.000-1.857) and 1.605 (1.135-2.269), respectively; and the OR (95%CI) for children with grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ of snoring was 1.226 (0.893-1.683), 1.595 (1.062-2.397) and 2.31 (1.17-4.565), respectively. Conclusion There is a statistical relationship between snoring and the decline of academic performance. The decline of academic performance positively associated with increased frequency and grade of snoring.

Objective: To investigate the sleep quality of children in Beijing and to analyze the related factors. Methods: The data were collected from the survey of 3-14 years old children in 7 urban districts of Beijing in 2015. By using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 26 kindergartens and primary and secondary schools in 7 districts and counties, including Xicheng, Chaoyang, Changping, Shunyi, Fangshan, Huairou and Mentougou, were randomly selected, with a total of 11 420 children. Children′s sleep status was investigated with Children′s Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), and the proportion of children with sleep quality problems when the PSQ score was greater than 7. Various sleep related factors were investigated with self-made questionnaire. A multilevel model was used to analyze the relationship between PSQ score and related factors. Results: The average PSQ score of the children was 3.60±2.69. The proportion of children with sleep quality problems was 8.87%(816/9 198). Multilevel model analysis showed that the younger the children, the higher the PSQ score (<6 years old vs. 6~12 years old vs. >12 years old: 3.94±2.58 vs. 3.58±2.66 vs. 3.30±2.84, F=33.015, P<0.001); male PSQ score higher than female (3.89±2.75 vs. 3.30±2.60, t=10.560, P<0.001); and snoring, obesity, father/mother snoring, playing games before bed, surfing the internet, eating and other factors were statistically related to PSQ. Conclusions Sleep quality of children in Beijing should not be neglected, especially preschool children with high PSQ scores. Parents should pay attention to children′s snoring problems and try to reduce some pre-sleep behaviors that may affect sleep quality.

Objective: To investigate the snoring status and related family factors of children from 3 to 14 years old in Beijing. Methods: From May to July, 2015, data of children from 3 to 14 years old were obtained from a status survey from 7 districts(Xicheng, Chaoyang, Changping, Shunyi, Fangshan, Huairou and Mentougou) in Beijing. A total of 11 420 children from 25 primary and middle schools were randomly selected. Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and a self-administered questionnaire were carried out for the adopted children. Self-administered questionnaire included the snoring related family factors. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odd ratio(OR) with 95% confidence intervals for variables. Results: A total of 9 198 children meet the inclusion criteria and are analyzed in the study, of whom 901 (9.80%) were found with snoring behavior. The incidence of boys is higher than girls. Obese children take higher risk of snoring. Compared with younger children (≤6 years old), older children (≥12 years old) have a significantly lower risk of snoring (OR=0.464, 95%CI 0.368-0.585). There is no statistical association between full-term infants, infant feeding pattern, parental cigarette smoking and child snoring.The children with family history of snoring have a significantly higher risk of snoring occurrence. The educational background of mother is statistically related to children snoring (OR=1.241, 95%CI 1.058-1.457). Conclusions The incidence of children snoring in Beijing is 9.80%, male gender, obesity, and young age are all risk factors for children snoring. There is a significantly statistical relationship between snoring and related family factors, such as family snoring history and education experience.