Gold nanorods is a capsule-shaped gold nanoparticles. Gold nanorods give rise to two absorption peaks corresponding to their plasmonic modes, transverse mode and longitudinal mode, corresponding to light absorption and scattering along the short and long axis, respectively. The longitudinal surface plasmon resonance can be tuned by adjusting their aspect ratio from the visible to the NIR region and extremely sensitive to changes in the dielectric properties of the surroundings including solvents, adsorbates, and the interparticle distance of the gold nanorods. This unique optical property of gold nanorods opens up fascinating applications in biological and chemical sensors. Optical properties and biomedical application of gold nanorods are introduced, and its future research prospects are discussed.

Objective To analyze the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)among extreme-ly preterm infants,and to evaluate the treatment methods and effects among those with severe ROP.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze incidence of ROP in 96 cases of extremely preterm infants who were born at a gestational age of 〈28 weeks and survived beyond a postmenstrual age of at least 1 year from Apr 2006 to Oct 2013,and to analyze the treatment outcomes of photocoagulation and ranibizum-ab intravitreal injection among the infants with severe ROP.Results Fifty-six of 96 cases(58.33%)grew into ROP finally and 21 cases(21.88%)grew into severe ROP,2 cases(2.08%)grew into aggressive poste-rior ROP.Fifteen cases with severe ROP were treated with laser photocoagulation.Four cases with severe ROP were received ranibizumab intravitreal injection prior to photocoagulation.Two cases with severe ROP were only treated with ranibizumab intravitreal injection.The eyesight of 96 patients (100%)in this study were all preserved.Conclusion ROP screening should focus on extremely preterm infants because of higher incidence of ROP and severe ROP among them.The infants with severe ROP should be treated with laser photocoagulation in time.The infants in critical condition or with aggressive posterior ROP can be treated with ranibizumab injection.

Objective To introduce a self-developed computer-assisted design/rapid prototyping and guidance system used for precise placement of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty.Methods We collected the preoperative pelvic CT scanning data of 10 hips with aeetabular dysplasia that had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty from January 2016 to January 2017.The total time for import of radiographic images,model reconstruction,model segmentation,acetabular component position design and STL model export was calculated and compared between our self-designed software and Mimics vl 7.0.Three kinds of STL model from each case were imported into our self-developed 3D printing device,Stratasys Objet30 and Stratasys Demension SST1200es respectively for rapid prototyping.The printing efficiency and accuracy were compared among the 3 printers.The accuracy of placing acetabular component with guidance system was evaluated.Results The average time forpreoperative planningwas7.7±1.3 minbyourself-designedsoftware and 52.5 ± 15.9 min by Mimics v17.0,showing a significant difference (P ＜ 0.001).In morphological point-based comparison for each case,the 3D models exported by the 2 different kinds of software showed an average difference of 0.072 1 ± 0.069 1 mm.The average durations for rapid prototyping by the 3 different printers were 5.3 ± 0.6 h,10.8 ± 0.5 h,and 9.3 ± 0.6 h,respectively,showing significant differences (P ＜ 0.001).The guidance system resulted in precise placement.The locations of the acetabular component achieved by guide-assisted placement were not significantly different from the target ones (P ＞ 0.05).Conelusion Our self-developed preoperative planning software,rapid prototyping device and guidance apparatus for acetabular component placement may lead to good accuracy and high efficiency.

Research have indicated that inadequate keratinized tissue has a negative effect on patient oral hygiene, resulting in peri-implant inflammation. It has been recommended that an apically repositioned flap alone or in combination with autogenous soft tissue grafts can increase the width of keratinized mucosa around dental implants, which promotes long term peri-implant health. This review summarized research progress on augmentation techniques of keratinized tissue arround implants in recent years, so as to provide reference for clinical practice and research design in the future.

Objective To establish the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced autism spectrum disorder(ASD) models at second trimester in rat offspring,and to investigate the effect of LPS exposure on social interaction behavior and neuro-immune system in rat offspring.Methods Twelve-week-old pregnant specific pathogen free rats were randomly divided into non-exposed group(10 cases) and LPS-exposed group(10 cases).Rats in the exposure group were intraperitoneally injected with LPS 25 mg/kg at 12.5 d,while rats in the non-exposed group were intraperitoneally injected with 9 g/L saline.At the age of 28 days,10 rats were randomly selected from each group as the experimental group and the control group.The following tests were carried out in two groups of rats.Their offspring were randomly allocated to the control group (10 cases) and the experimental group (10 cases).The autism-like social behaviors were evaluated by the social interaction test.Density of dendritic spine was analyzed by Golgi staining.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) were analyzed by immunohistochemisty.The levels of i nterleukin (IL)-1 β,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,interferon-gamma (IFN-γ'),and transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β) in rat offspring were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The score of social interaction test in the experimental group [(-197.81 ± 101.83) scores] was lower than that in the control group [(132.73 ± 114.63) scores],and the difference was statistically significant (t =5.453,P ＜ 0.05).Density of dendritic spine in CA1 region of hippocampus was lower in the experimental group[(7.71 ± 1.33) numbers/10 μm] than that in the control group[(9.66 ± 1.76) numbers/10 μm] by Golgi staining,and the difference was statistically significant(t =2.775,P ＜ 0.05).Expressions of GFAP and IBA1 in experimental group were higher than those in the control group by immunohistochemisty.Levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,IL-10 and IFN-γ in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,while level of TGF-β was lower than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P ＜0.05).The scores of social interaction test were correlated with the levels of IFN-γ(r =0.756,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LPS exposure at early pregnancy may affect the neuro-immune system of rat offspring and result in autism-like behavior.

Objective:To explore the effect and safety of mesenchymal stem cell exosome microneedle introduction in the treatment of melasma.Methods:Thirty cases of female patients with stable melasma in the Department of Dermatology, Changsha Meilai Medical Beauty Hospital, aged (36±5) years and with a disease duration of (42.4±20.7) months, from July 2021 to July 2022, were retrospectively included. According to Fitzpatrick skin typing, 23 cases of type Ⅲ and 7 cases of type Ⅳ were included. All patients were locally anesthetized with lidocaine cream for 30 min, and rolled with a 0.5 mm needle in a zigzag pattern with even force, in the order of the right cheek, the left cheek, the forehead, the nose, the mandible, and the upper lip. During the rolling process, 3 ml of MSC exosome medical liquid wound dressing was applied to the facial skin, and after it was fully absorbed, exosome was locally readministered in the area of melasma. Treatment ended with a slight redness at the site of application. 1 MSC exosome wound dressing was appllied as a cold compress for 15 min after treatment. Treatment was given once every 2 weeks for 6 consecutive sessions. All the patients were followed up at 4 and 12 weeks after the last session, and the area and severity index of melasma (MASI) were scored before and after the treatment, the clinical efficiency and patient satisfaction rate and the incidence of adverse reactions were also counted.Results:At 4 and 12 weeks after the end of treatment, the skin color of all 30 patients was brighter than that before treatment, and no recurrence of melasma symptoms seen. At 12 weeks after the end of treatment, the decrease rate of MASI score was 66.1%, among which the decrease rate of MASI score in patients with type Ⅲ melasma was 63.9%, and the decrease rate of MASI score in patients with type Ⅳ melasma was 63.9%. Among the 30 patients, 1 case was cured, 25 cases showed obvious improved, 4 cases were improved, and no cases were ineffective, with an effective rate of 86.7% (26/30). Five patients were very satisfied, 18 patients were satisfied, 6 patients were generally satisfied, and 1 patient was dissatisfied; the patient satisfaction rate was 76.7% (23/30). No serious adverse reactions occurred in all patients.Conclusions:MSC exosome microneedle introduction is safe and effective in the treatment of melasma without serious adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the impact of metabolic labeling on Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg)and com-pare the imaging effects of two fluorescent probes.Methods This study was reviewed by the unit Ethics Committee and was approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Branch of the Unit Experimental Biomedical Ethics Com-mittee.Pg integrated N-azidoacetylgalactosamine(Ac4GalNAz)via a bioorthogonal reaction and was labeled with Cy5-DBCO or Cy7-DBCO via a click chemistry reaction.The bacteria were divided into Pg group(control,not fluorescently labeled),Cy5-Pg group(tagged by Cy5-DBCO),and Cy7-Pg group(tagged by Cy7-DBCO).A live/dead staining kit was applied to test the viability of Pg,Cy5-Pg,and Cy7-Pg.The mRNA levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and IL-8 and cell pro-liferation were examined in human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs)after the challenge of Cy5-Pg,Cy7-Pg,or Pg.To investi-gate the stability of metabolic labeling,Cy5-Pg or Cy7-Pg was cocultured with Escherichia coli(E.coli).Cy5-Pg and Cy7-Pg signal intensity with serial dilutions were examined using an in vivo imaging system(IVIS).Finally,C57BL/6J mice were orally administered Cy5-Pg or Cy7-Pg for IVIS detection,and the signal-to-background ratios were calculated.Results Metabolic labeling could be applied to label live Pg in vitro.The optimal labeling concentrations for Cy5 and Cy7 were 20 μmol/L and 30 μmol/L,respectively.The area ratios of live to dead bacteria were approximately 2.0 in the three groups(F=0.318,P＞0.05).After a 6-h challenge with Cy5-Pg,Cy7-Pg,or Pg,the mRNA levels of HGFs in-creased by 7.86-,7.46-,and 6.56-fold for IL-6,respectively(F=40.886,P＜0.001)and 12.43-,13.03-,and 13.71-fold for IL-8(F=18.781,P＜0.01),were spectively,compared to that of the Ctrl group,which was not challenged by bacte-ria,where no significant differences were observed among the three groups(P＞0.05).HGFs were further challenged by Cy5-Pg,Cy7-Pg,or Pg at different MOIs,and cell proliferation was significantly inhibited(MOI=104∶1,F=153.52,P＜0.001;MOI=105∶1,F=331.21,P＜0.001;MOI=106∶1,F=533.65,P＜0.001),with no significant differences among the three groups(P＞0.05).Within 24 h of co-culturing Cy5-Pg or Cy7-Pg with E.coli,minimal E.coli was de-tected.The intensities of Cy5 and Cy7 remained stable for 3 h.Additionally,the fluorescence signal intensities of Cy5 and Cy7 were linearly correlated with the concentration(R2=0.97).After oral gavage of Cy5-Pg or Cy7-Pg in mice for the abdominal region at 1 h and 3 h,the signal-to-background ratios of Cy7-Pg were approximately 4.24-fold(t=6.893,P＜0.01)and 3.77-fold(t=4.407,P＜0.05)higher,respectively,than those of Cy5-Pg.For the isolated gastrointestinal tracts at 3 h,the signal-to-background ratio of Cy7-Pg was 5.19-fold higher than that of Cy5-Pg(t=4.418,P＜0.05).Conclusions Metabolic labeling did not significantly affect viability,immunomodulatory ability,and toxicity.The im-aging effect of Cy7 on IVIS was better than that of Cy5.Our study provided experimental evidence for the correlation be-tween periodontitis and overall health.

Oral microbial community, as an important part of human microbial community, is closely related to oral and general health. Oral microbiological research has become the forefront of international microbiological research. Standardized and unified nomenclature for oral microorganisms in Chinese is of great significance to support the development of oral medicine research. Standardized translation of microbial names is the basis for writing canonical and authoritative professional textbooks and reference books, which helps students to accurately acquire the characteristics and classifications of oral microbes. Unified translation of oral microorganisms is also conducive to academic communication and cooperation, and plays an important role in oral health education and science popularization, which enables oral microbiology knowledge to be accurately disseminated to the public. Therefore, in order to standardize the words in scientific research, funding application, publications, academic exchanges and science popularization within the field of oral medicine, we have fully discussed and revised the Chinese names of oral microorganisms in 2017 edition and ones of newly discovered oral microbes, finally reaching a consensus to form the 2023 edition of Chinese names of oral microorganisms.