Objective To study the best method of radiation protection shielding calculation for the gamma photon produced in positron annihilation.Methods With 18F as the typical of nuclide,different methods or literature about constant and the calculation of the TVL or recommended values were adopted to calculate and analyze the shielding thickness by lead as block material.Results The shielding thickness by the dose constant was calculated by point source model (0.142 μSv· m2· MBq-1 · h-1) and TVL of lead recommended by NCRP was the biggest:at the control area the unit thickness for lead shield was 7.562 × 10-4 mm· MBq-1 for one patient.While by the dose constant recommended by AAPM TG108 (0.092 μSv·m2 ·MBq-1 ·h-1) and lead TVL recommended by IAEA was the minimum.The unit thickness for lead shield at the control area was 4.982 × 10-4 mm · MBq-1 · patient-1,with difference of 36.2％.Conclusions The dose constant and the TVL value of lead from AAPM.TG 108 are recommended for the calculation.In shielding design attention should be paid to the distance protection,the separate toilet with shielding for patients,and the separate corridors beteen doctors and patients.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of ethanol extracts of Panax notoginseng on the tumor and the liver metastasis in experimental mice grafted with B16 melanoma. METHODS: B16 melanoma was transplanted in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice. The effects of different doses of ethanol extracts of Panax notoginseng on the inhibition rate of spleen tumors and the liver metastasis were observed respectively. RESULTS: The high-, medium-, and low-doses of the extracts and the interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) can improve the quality of life of the experimental mice. The weights of spleen tumor were lower in the low- and medium-dose extracts-treated groups and the IFN-alpha-treated group than that in the normal saline (NS)-treated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The liver metastasis was less in the low- and medium-dose extracts-treated groups and the IFN-alpha-treated group than that in the NS-treated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The ethanol extracts of Panax notoginseng can improve the quality of life of the experimental mice and inhibit the growth of tumor and the liver metastasis.

UL48 plays essential role in replication of MDV genome and interacts with UL36 as well as other MDV tegument proteins.To investigate the interaction between UL48 and UL36 during MDV oncogenisis,antibody against UL48 was prepared and characterized in current study.UL48 gene was amplified from MDV-Ⅰ genome and then subcloned into pTYB1 and pGEX-4T3 vectors for UL48 expression with induction of IPTG in BL21(DE3) E..coli cells.Chitin-sepharose and Glutathion-sepharose were,respectively,used to purify fusion protein intein-UL48 and GST-UL48.Four subcutaneous injections of intein-UL48 fusion protein were done on the lower back and the thigh of rabbit and then other three injections with an interval 10 days.The titer of antibody was measured by the sandwich ELISA with UL48 protein isolated from GST-UL48 after cleavage of thrombin.Western blot was carried out for specificity analysis of antibody against UL48 protein.The results suggested that UL48 antibody was succesfully prepared,and its titer was 1 ∶ 512 000.

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Tang Shen Ning(TSN,a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine)for curing the early stage of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods: Adopting random and double-blind controlled trial methods,several indexes were observed in terms of uric micro-amount albumin excretion rate,creatinine clearance,hemorheology and platelet function et al.Results: TSN could significantly reduce urinary albumin,glomerulus's hyper-filtration,improve blood stream transform and inhibit platelet aggregation.Conclusion: TSN could protect renal functions during the early stage of DN.

Objective:To explore the influence of outpatient co-ordination on the purchase of commercial medical insurance in China,enrich the research perspective of outpatient co-ordination.Methods:Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2020,past outpatient co-ordination policies in pilot cities and the Digital Inclusive Finance insurance index,using staggered DID to empirically test the impact of outpatient co-ordination on employees'commercial medical insurance purchase.Results:Outpatient co-payment increases workers'willingness to purchase commercial health insurance,which increases by about 4％;heterogeneity analysis finds outpatient co-payment primarily affects individuals'commercial insurance purchasing behavior and that the extent of the effect is related to workers'age,health status,and the outpatient co-payment coverage model of the affiliation.Conclusion:Improving the outpatient co-payment guarantee mechanism at the national level and promoting the effective connection between basic medical insurance and commercial medical insurance.

Objective:To explore the influence of outpatient co-ordination on the purchase of commercial medical insurance in China,enrich the research perspective of outpatient co-ordination.Methods:Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2020,past outpatient co-ordination policies in pilot cities and the Digital Inclusive Finance insurance index,using staggered DID to empirically test the impact of outpatient co-ordination on employees'commercial medical insurance purchase.Results:Outpatient co-payment increases workers'willingness to purchase commercial health insurance,which increases by about 4％;heterogeneity analysis finds outpatient co-payment primarily affects individuals'commercial insurance purchasing behavior and that the extent of the effect is related to workers'age,health status,and the outpatient co-payment coverage model of the affiliation.Conclusion:Improving the outpatient co-payment guarantee mechanism at the national level and promoting the effective connection between basic medical insurance and commercial medical insurance.

Objective:To explore the influence of outpatient co-ordination on the purchase of commercial medical insurance in China,enrich the research perspective of outpatient co-ordination.Methods:Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2020,past outpatient co-ordination policies in pilot cities and the Digital Inclusive Finance insurance index,using staggered DID to empirically test the impact of outpatient co-ordination on employees'commercial medical insurance purchase.Results:Outpatient co-payment increases workers'willingness to purchase commercial health insurance,which increases by about 4％;heterogeneity analysis finds outpatient co-payment primarily affects individuals'commercial insurance purchasing behavior and that the extent of the effect is related to workers'age,health status,and the outpatient co-payment coverage model of the affiliation.Conclusion:Improving the outpatient co-payment guarantee mechanism at the national level and promoting the effective connection between basic medical insurance and commercial medical insurance.

Objective:To explore the influence of outpatient co-ordination on the purchase of commercial medical insurance in China,enrich the research perspective of outpatient co-ordination.Methods:Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2020,past outpatient co-ordination policies in pilot cities and the Digital Inclusive Finance insurance index,using staggered DID to empirically test the impact of outpatient co-ordination on employees'commercial medical insurance purchase.Results:Outpatient co-payment increases workers'willingness to purchase commercial health insurance,which increases by about 4％;heterogeneity analysis finds outpatient co-payment primarily affects individuals'commercial insurance purchasing behavior and that the extent of the effect is related to workers'age,health status,and the outpatient co-payment coverage model of the affiliation.Conclusion:Improving the outpatient co-payment guarantee mechanism at the national level and promoting the effective connection between basic medical insurance and commercial medical insurance.

Objective:To explore the influence of outpatient co-ordination on the purchase of commercial medical insurance in China,enrich the research perspective of outpatient co-ordination.Methods:Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2020,past outpatient co-ordination policies in pilot cities and the Digital Inclusive Finance insurance index,using staggered DID to empirically test the impact of outpatient co-ordination on employees'commercial medical insurance purchase.Results:Outpatient co-payment increases workers'willingness to purchase commercial health insurance,which increases by about 4％;heterogeneity analysis finds outpatient co-payment primarily affects individuals'commercial insurance purchasing behavior and that the extent of the effect is related to workers'age,health status,and the outpatient co-payment coverage model of the affiliation.Conclusion:Improving the outpatient co-payment guarantee mechanism at the national level and promoting the effective connection between basic medical insurance and commercial medical insurance.

Objective:To explore the influence of outpatient co-ordination on the purchase of commercial medical insurance in China,enrich the research perspective of outpatient co-ordination.Methods:Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2020,past outpatient co-ordination policies in pilot cities and the Digital Inclusive Finance insurance index,using staggered DID to empirically test the impact of outpatient co-ordination on employees'commercial medical insurance purchase.Results:Outpatient co-payment increases workers'willingness to purchase commercial health insurance,which increases by about 4％;heterogeneity analysis finds outpatient co-payment primarily affects individuals'commercial insurance purchasing behavior and that the extent of the effect is related to workers'age,health status,and the outpatient co-payment coverage model of the affiliation.Conclusion:Improving the outpatient co-payment guarantee mechanism at the national level and promoting the effective connection between basic medical insurance and commercial medical insurance.