After one hind leg of the pig was wounded by the high-speed steel spheres the status of the animals was continuously monitored by determination of hemody-namics, blood gas, chest X-ray, serum T3, T4, fibronectin, protein content of lung lavage, lung weight, light and electromicroscopic examination etc. When the animals died or were killed 72 hours after injury, the pathologic examinations were carried out as soon as possible. It showed that there were various changes in above mentioned parameters, especially in those of the dead animals. The relationship between the incidence of RDS and trauma index-injury severity score (ISS) was discussed. In addition, the subclinical type of RDS was emphasised.

Bacterial endotoxins (LPS) are not only the major constituents of the outer membrane of Gram-negative (G -) bacteria, but also the toxic determinants for G - infection, which is closely related to human health and the development of diseases. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) have been considered to be the important initial steps for cellular recognition of LPS and consequent initiation of LPS responses. Scavenger receptor, CD14, toll-like receptors, ?2-integrins and L-selectin have been shown to be involved in the clearance of LPS or LPS activation. LPS receptor may be a complex of multiple components. Different individual response to LPS is related to gene background. The gene polymorphism of LPS receptors and LPS-induced cytokines have been shown to contribute to LPS sensitivity, susceptibility and prognosis of sepsis.

With the continuous improvement in weaponry, especially explosive weapons, blast injury has become one of the most common war injuries. Underwater blast injury is a common war injury during combat around islands or fighting for beach-head. The wounding effects of underwater blast wave and the characteristics of underblast injury are quite different from that produced in air due to special physical features of water and the underwater pressure. We have investigated the injurious effects of underwater blast wave and its dose-effect relationship. In addition, some protective measures have been tested to prevent or alleviate underwater blast injury. All of these primary results have provided both experimental and theoretical foundation evidence for further researches in respect to the diagnosis, emergency care and protection against underwater blast injury.

Objective To review the application of trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) and a severity characterization of trauma (ASCOT) in the outcome evaluation of trauma care and their research advances.Data sources Both Chinese- and English-language literature searched by using MEDLINE/CD-ROM (1985-1996) and Index of Chinese-Language Literature (1985-1996).Study selection Over fifty papers and reviews published over the past ten years were selected.Results and conclusion TRISS can be employed for different purposes, that is, preliminary outcome-based evaluation (PRE) and definitive outcome-based evaluation (DEF). TRISS is a method which is now the most extensively used for the outcome evaluation of trauma. Even so, it still has some shortcomings, e.g., trauma can not be given the weights that should be given, and the section of age is too simple. ASCOT is also a physiologic and anatomic combined method for the evaluation of injury severity and outcome. To some extent, this method obviates the shortcomings of TRISS in the calculation of probability of survival (Ps) with injury severity score (ISS). Therefore, ASCOT is considered to be superior to TRISS in the evaluation of Ps. However, TRISS is still now more extensively used than ASCOT just because ASCOT was recently developed.

Objective To observe the alterations of nitric oxide (NO) level and the neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression in rats with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) like behavior following subconvulsive electrical stimuli. Methods After the establishment of the PTSD animal model following subconvulsive stimuli to hippocampus, the nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) levels and the neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression in hippocampus and frontal cortex of experimental rats were investigated by neurochemistry and Western blotting, respectively. Results The NO level in hippocampus of experimental rats with PTSD like behavior following subconvulsive stimulation increased significantly at 12 h after the last stimulation (4.65?1.22 ?mol/g protein, P

Objective To explore the changed rules and the diagnositic methods of the cardisc functions after chest impact trauma(CIT).Methods The medals of moderate to severity CIT were established using BIM-Ⅱ Bio-impactor in 20 rabbits.The cardiac functions were examined with cardiac catheterization,single photon-emission computed tomography(SPECT)and the Doppler echocardiography at pre end post 1h,4h,8h and 24h after CIT.Results The cardiac functions were changed significantly after CIT.The expressions of the right ventricular dysfunctions mainly were systolic dysfuction while the left ventricular dysfunctions mainly were diastolic dysfunction after CIT.Conclustion All the cardiac catheterization、SPECT and the Doppler echocardiography are beneficial to the diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction afte CIT.The SPEGT is more exactitude and the Doppler echocardiography is more cheaper compared with non-invasive approaches.

In order to explore the effect of anti vegf on fracture healing process,rabbits with left radius fracture were used as an animal model and divided randomly into control and experiment groups.VEGF polyclonal antibody was given to the animals of the experiment group films were thken at the fracture sites after 1,3,5 and 8 weeks of the fracture.the results showed that the cellular necrosis increased in the experiment group shortly after the fracture.Although there was fibroblast proliferation at 72 hours after the fracture,continuous focal necrosis was seen from 1 to 5 weeks in the fracture sites,and the vascularization reduced obviously 3 weeks after the injury.The organelle degeneration was observed in the fibroblasts and osteoblasts under microscope.The fracture sites were filled with fibrous tissue at the 8 th week and nonunion was ween in the fracture sites on X ray films.These results suggest that the lack of VEGF in the fracture sites might be one of the important reasons of fracture healing.

An immunogenic peptide sequence of B cell dominant epitope of human Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) was selected basing on predication of B cell epitope of TLR4.bALB/c mice were immunized with synthetic peptide of TLR 4 and one clone (B4) of hybridoma cells was picked out by ELISA and limited dilution. High titer McAb prepasations against TLR 4 were obtained from ascites fluid of BALB/c mice infravenously inoculated with the McAb inducing hybridoma cells.The titer of ascites fluid was 1∶ 100 000 .The subclass of the McAb was IgG2,k.The specificity of McAb was identified. by indirect ELISA,and a single strong blot was shown in molecular weights of 90 Kd.using Western blot analysis.

To explore the protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on acute lung injury induced by blunt chest trauma combined LPS challenge in rats. The combined injury model was reproduced by blunt impact on the right lateral superior chest of rats with 350 kPa drive pressure inflicted with a small multi function bio impact apparatus, folloned by an injection of LPS (5mg/kg) into the fail vein. PDTC (120mg/kg) was injected intravenously fore injury in animals of the PDTC pretreatment group. The 48 hour mortality rate was recorded, myeloperoxidase (MPO), NF ?B activity, and TNF?, IL 8 mRNA expression and their proteins of lung tissue were examined. The results showed that PDTC obviously reduced the 48h mortality the activity of MPO and NF ?B, and the gene expression and protein crotein contents of TNF?and IL 8,suggesting that PDTC has a protective effect on the combined injury. This effect might be associated with its inhibitory effecton NF ?B activation and expression as well as the release of proinflammatory cytokines.

The uncontrolled inflammatory response is commonly seen and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of post traumatic complications. Bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the most potent mediators in inducing uncontrolled inflammatory response.Several LPS associated receptors have been identified on the surface of monocytes/macrophages, which are shown to be initial factors to recognize LPS and trigger inflammatory response. Scanvenger receptor (SR), CD14and toll like receptor4 (TLR4)act as high affinity or sensitive LPS receptorS. SRhas been shown to be responsibe for clearance and neutralization of LPS by macrophages,whereas CD14 and TLR4have been foand to be important receptors mediating cell activation induced by LPS. TLR2, ? 2 integrin and L selectin have been considered to be low affinity LPSreceptors, and they may play an important catalytic role in LPS induced pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory responses as "secondary LPS receptors". In addition, TLR4 might be the receptor pathway through which LPS could activate blood endothelial cells. Down regulation of defense receptors such as SR and up regulation of excitatory receptors such as CD14, TLR4, and TLR2might be an important mechanism to turn monocytes/macrophages into effector cells (release of pro and anti inflammatory mediators) during the course of infection. Further investigation of transmembrane LPS signaltransduction mechanisms. might help discover some novel strategies for effective control or modulation of uncontrolled inflammatory response.