The article reports the echocardiographic manifestations of the inferior vena cava (IVC). The normal IVC M-mode echocardiogram appeared which has "a" and "V" waves similar to the jugular venous tracting and exhibits Prominent periodic respiratory changes. In right heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation and constrictive pericarditis, the IVC was usually distended with diminished or absented respiratory coUapse. The specific patterns of the M-mode IVC tracting could be observed during various dysrhythmias. For instance, the "a" wave disaPeared in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter or showed "common "a" waves from patients with complete heart block, while in chronic cor-pulmonale the "a" wave was increased but the period was short. There were not any changes in an overloaded right ventricular volume and various pericarditis with effusion. The results indicate that the "a" wave reflects the right atrium contraction.The IVC is frequently involved by abdominal and retroperitoneal diseases. Thus, it is greatly helpful to evaluate the course of IVC in determining the origin of an adjacent mass.

106 cases of fetal heart was examinated by M-mode Cross-sectional and Pulsed Doppler echocardiography from 1987. 1～1988. 4. The gestational age was 16～ 40 weeks. We found some features in these cases:(1)The right heat was bigger than the left heart; (2)The aorta was the same as that pulmonary artery; (3) The atriums, ventricles and the great vessels enlarged with gestational age; (4) The tricuspid velocity was faster than the mitral velocity but the puhmonary velocity was slower than the aortic veloci- ty ; (5)The size of the foramen ovale was 3～5mm.Finally, the authors suggest that in order to find some congenital heart malformations and manage these cases as early as posible ultrasonic routine examination should be performed in the mid period of pregnancy, particularly at high risk obstetric clinic. The method was also discussed.

1. ③Higher examining rate of Ar wave was detected in acute phase in KD. ④V D was improved reversibly in convalescence phase. ⑤MVF showed that only E/A in acute phase in KD was lower than that of normal group. Conclusions It is available and valuable to combine PVF and MVF to assess left ventricular diastolic function in KD.

The normal structure of axonal terminals in lamina V of cervical spinal cordof the adult rat was examined with EM.Among 4039 various types of terminals inlamina V,the terminals with clear round synaptic vesicles(R)and the terminalswith clear flat synaptic vesicles(F)constitute about 40% each,the terminals withlarge granular vesicles(LG)about 16% and the central terminals of syntapticglomeruli about 3%.In addition,about 3.2% of the various types of terminalscontain neurofilaments,about 0.9% exhibit low electron dense axoplasm and thevesicles are partly lost or clumping.The synapses of the terminals in lamina V aremainly axodendritic,a small number of them are axoaxonal.There are more F,fewer R and LG in lamina V than those in lamina Ⅱ;thesynapses between the terminals and proximal dendrites,and axosomatic synapses aremore commonly seen in lamina V than in Ⅱ.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）， an insidious malignant tumor with high incidence and lethality， poses a major threat to physical and mental health of human beings. The pathological mechanism needs to be further studied. Surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， and targeted drugs are effective but induce many adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages and abundant clinical experience in the treatment of HCC. There has been an explosion of research on the pathways， targets， and mechanism of TCM against HCC from the perspective of molecular biology. According to previous research， Chinese medicinals or compound Chinese medicine prescriptions， directly or indirectly prevent the occurrence and progression of HCC through multiple pathways and targets， which is closely related to the pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation， metastasis， apoptosis， autophagy， inflammatory response， and immune response. This paper summarizes and analyzes research on the action pathways and mechanisms of Chinese medicine against HCC. Specifically， isoliquiritigenin， dendrobium candidum and Yexiazhu compound Ⅱ regulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway to inhibit the growth， proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Toad venom and dioscorea zingiberensis induce and enhance HCC autophagy by modulating mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. Myricetin， asparagus， and Biejiajian Wan regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway to promote HCC cell cycle arrest， inhibit angiogenesis， and induce apoptosis. Polygonum odoratum， tetragonum， and plantainoside modulate nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） to inhibit inflammatory response and HCC metastasis and reduce drug resistance. Quercetin and erigeron breviscapus control the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3） signaling pathway to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） and remodel cytoskeleton. This paper is expected to lay a theoretical basis for the in-depth research on and clinical application of Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC.