Cells, Cultured ; Coal ; toxicity ; Dust ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Mutagens ; toxicity ; Mutation ; drug effects ; Salmonella typhimurium ; drug effects ; genetics ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; drug effects

Objective To evaluate intraoperative tracing of sentinel lymph nodes ( SLNs) by fluorescence imaging combined with carbon nanoparticles .Methods 112 breast cancer patients eligible for sentinel lymph node biopsy were randomly assigned to the combination group (56 cases)receiving indocyanine green (ICG)and carbon nanoparticles as the lymphatic mapping tracers and ICG alone group (56 cases).Intraoperative frozen sec-tion was performed , followed by conventional histopathology .Results In the combination group , subcutaneous lymphatic vessels were successfully visualized in 53 patients and the detection rate was 94.6%(53/56).The flu-orescence SLNs were successfully detected in 54 patients and the detection rate was 96.4%(54/56)in ICG alone group.In the combination group , SLNs were successfully identified in 54 patients by fluorescence and 52 patients by black dyed, and the SLNs detection rate was 100%(56/56).While in the ICG alone group, the SLNs were found in 52 patients and the detection rate was 92.9%(52/56)(χ2 =2.3, P>0.050).The average number of detected SLNs was 3.7 ±1.5 ( 205/56 ) in combination group vs 2.5 ±1.4 ( 130/52 ) in ICG alone group ( t =-3.5, P=0.001).17 metastatic SLNs were found in 10 patients in the combination group vs 12 metastatic SLNs in 9 patients in ICG alone group .Conclusion Combination of ICG and carbon nanoparticles for mapping sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients can increase the number of SLNs detected and the detection rate , reducing the rate of misdiagnosis and false negative rate .

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of antibiotics in general hospitals of Ningbo. METHODS Totally 4 391 case history records in April,2004 of 12 hospitals were investigated on the use of antibiotics. RESULTS Medicines incomes accounted for 55.16% in total revenue in a hospital,and antibiotics accounted for 32.66% among medicines incomes.Antibiotics using rate was 62.11% in internal medicine departments.The percentage of antibiotics using without evidence was 23.92%,the combined antibiotics using rate was 49.89%.The average duration for antibiotics using was 10.83 days.Antibiotics using rate in surgery departments before operation was 71.00%,during operation was 20.48%,the combined antibiotics using rate during operation was 14.50%,antibiotics using rate after operation was 96.55%.Antibiotics using for treatment accounted for 62.37% and for prevention was 24.17%. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics using rate is high in hospitals in Ningbo.Income of medicine is also an important part of total revenue in a hospital.We should pay more attention to management on clinical use of antibiotics.

Objective To build a Monte Carlo dose verification tool for IMRT Plan by implanting an irradiation source model into DPM code and to extend the ability of DPM to calculate any incident angles and irregular-inhomogeneous fields.Methods The virtual source and the energy spectrum unfolded from the accelerator measurement data were used,in combination with optimized intensity maps,to calculate the dose distribution of the irradiation irregular-inhomogeneous field.The irradiation source model of accelerator was substituted by a grid-based surface source.The contour and the intensity distribution of the surface source were optimized by IMRT.The dose calculation was realized by combining the position of the emitter with the fluence map from the IMRT plan.The weight of the emitter was decided by the grid intensity.The direction of the emitter was decided by the combination of the virtual source and the emitting position.The weighted fraction of the emitter was also combined with the flux grid intensity based on the particle transport model of DPM code.Results The accuracy of calculation was verified by comparing with the measured data.It was illustrated that the differences were acceptable (＜ 2％ inside the field,2-3 mm in the penumbra).The dose calculation of irregular field by DPM simulation was also compared with that of FSPB (Finite Size Pencil Beam).The passing rate of gamma analysis was 95.1％ for peripheral lung cancer.The regular field and the irregular rotational field were all within permissible range of error.The calculation time of regular fields were less than 2 h,and that of the test of peripheral lung cancer was 160 min.Conclusions The adapted DPM code with its simple irradiation source model is faster than that with classical Monte Carlo procedure.Its computational accuracy and speed satisfy the clinical requiremcnt,and it can be useful as a Monte Carlo dose verification tool for IMRT Plan.

Objective To decrease the incidence of acute rejection in renal allograft recipients by monitoring of cyclosporine A (CsA) concentration at 2-hour after dosing(C2). Methods The CsA C2 and CsA trough concentration(C0) were assayed in renal allograft recipients.All patients were followed up for at least 1 year.The correlation of C0 and C2 monitoring with clinical outcomes was analyzed. Results At 1 week and 1 month post-transplantation,the incidence of acute rejection in patients with C2 in target level was 4.41% and 10.29%, respectively,but the incidence of acute rejection in patients with C2 in lower level was 42.37% and 36.20%,respectively. ConclusionBy reflecting the drug exposure of CsA more accurately,C2 monitoring is beneficial for decreasing the incidence of acute rejection after renal allograft transplantation.

AIM:Targeting of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene,we aim to construct FAK shRNA lentiviral vector and to identify its function on the growth of leukemic cells.METHODS:FAK shRNA was chemically synthesized,and inserted into a GFP-lentiviral plasmid through molecular biology methods.After packaged and concentrated,the lentiviral-FAK-shRNA-vector was transduced into a human leukemic cell line.FAK gene expression was detected by reverse transcriptional PCR and Western blotting.Cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V labeling.RESULTS:The results showed that FAK shRNA was successfully inserted into the lentival vector,and the infection efficiency varied from 10% to 25%.Compared to the control vector (lentival vector without FAK shRNA),FAK shRNA inhibited the expression of FAK mRNA and protein by 40% and 70%,respectively.Moreover,the results of apoptosis experiment showed that the percentages of Annexin V+ cells in control vector group and FAK shRNA group were (4.19 ? 0.36) % and (8.48 ? 0.58) % respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P

Objective:To investigate the effects of sensitized sera on bone marrow transplantation and clarify the role of antibody in the process of rejection.Methods:Two hundred microlitres sensitized sera or non-sensitized sera were injected into normal BALB/c one day before transplantation.Ten millions (1?107) bone marrow cells from C57BL/6 were transfused to the recipients after lethal irradiation.The donor-reactive antibodies in recipients before transplantation were measured by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) method.Moreover,the survival analysis and engraftment evaluation of the recipients were carried post transplantation.Results:The CDC results showed that donor-reactive antibodies existed in the recipients which had received sensitized sera transfusion.Eighty percent (80%) of the recipients received sensitized sera transfusion died of bone marrow failure about 10 days post transplantation,while the recipients received non-sensitized sera transfusion were long-term alive.Furthermore,the hematopoietic recovery and percentage of donor chimera analysis declined along with time in the sensitized sera transfusion recipients,and there were significant differences compared with those in the non-sensitized sera transfusion recipients (P

Objective To study the effects of acute coronary comprehensive syndrome with PCI therapy after secondary HIT-Ⅱ give sulphur of liver fondaparinux therapy clinical comprehensive effect.MethodsDecimation in 66 patients with acute coronary syndrome after PCI patients was applied on the basis of drug therapy and postoperative anticoagulation.Study group (33 cases) in the postoperative secondary HIT Ⅱ after being diagnosed with stop heparin and give sulphur of fondaparinux, bleeding in the coagulation indexes, within 30 days event and 6months heart vascular pieces efficacy evaluation.ResultsThe use of heparin before.The index of blood coagulation in study group were normal, confirmed HIT Ⅱ when the index change significantly (P<0.05) and the discontinuation of heparin 24h, 3d, 7d indexes compared at diagnosis were restored (P<0.05) and 14 days of heparin to stop with the use of heparin levels.The patients in the study group, the incidence of bleeding events was 9.1%, compared to 15.2% in the control group no significant difference.The patients in the study group of adverse cardiovascular events occurred rate was 12.1%, compared to 18.2% in the control group no significant difference.ConclusionAcute coronary syndrome after PCI HIT-Ⅱ to grant the sulphur of fondaparinux treatment had no significant effect on blood coagulation function and safety.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of greenlight photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP) in high-risk elder patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A total of 120 high-risk elder patients with BPH underwent PVP procedure. The operating time, blood 1oss, indwelling catheterization and operation-related complications were monitored. The variables such as international prostate symptom score (IPSS), Quality of life (QOL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and residual urine volume (RUV) were recorded and compared pre- and post-operatively. Results All the 120 patients had a good peri-operative condition. The mean operating time was (52. 6 ± 5.8 )min, intraoperative blood loss was (20.4 ±9.5) ml. Among the 120 cases,26 did not received postoperative catheterization. In the other 94 cases received postoperative catheterization, the mean catheterization time was (24. 5 ± 15.9) hour. IPSS and QOL scores decreased from (28.5 ± 3.8) and (5.0 ± 0.8) preoperatively to (7.2 ± 1.8) and (1.5 ± 0.6)postoperatively. Qmax increased from ( 5.2 ± 3.1 ) ml/s to ( 15.2 ± 4.3 ) ml/s, and RUV decreased from ( 118.6 ± 15.2) ml to ( 16. 5 ± 4. 6) ml. There was significant difference for these parameters before and after the operation (Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The PVP is considered to be a safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure to treat BPHin high-risk elder patients. It is easy to manipulate, with advantages of shorter operating time,less blood loss, better tolerance and rapid recovery, especially for high-risk elder patients with BPH.

To explore the epidemiological character of Methicillin-resistant Stapkylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the phenotyping and genotyping motheds and to investgate the source, transmission, and the spread of nosocomial MRSA infection, consequently, reducing the nosocomial infection of MRSA. In this study, 19 MRSA strains were isolated from patients and environment in a hospital in two months. Patterns of resistantce against 16 antimicrobial agents and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) of these strains were analyzed to find the relationship among those isolates Clustering analysis was made from the patterns. Some isolates with high homology was found in 19 MRSA, 11 of them belong to type A, and 8 of them belong to the same subtype A1. They were endemic in burn ward, oncological ward and ICU. In addition, 4 isolates were clustered into group B, all found in the same ward of burn unit Thus, our results indicated a outbreak of MRSA ( A type) in this hospital and the potential prevalence of MRSA (B type) , which might be mediated by health care stuff. It is essential to enhance the infection control implementation and to utilize the PFGE genotyping system for the real-time surveillance of MRSA.