Nucleoside analogues have been the mainstay of clinical treatment of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infections since their development. However, the emergence of drug resistant strains has underlined the urgency of the discovery of novel anti-HSV-1 drugs. Natural products, which provided many novel drug leads, are known to be an important source of anti-HSV-1 agents. Herein, we present an overview of natural products with anti-HSV-1 activities isolated from a variety of plants reported in recent years. Several different compounds, mainly belonging to the three groups of polysaccharides, polyphenols and terpenes, showed antiviral effects against HSV-1, indicating their potential to be promising anti-HSV-1 agents.

Acute Disease ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Compartment Syndromes ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of target-controlled infusion (TCI) sedation with low dose ketamine and propofol during rigid cystoscopy in elderly male patients. Methods Forty-five elderly male patients with I - III grade of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)rigid cystoscopy examination were divided into 3 groups randomly: group A, 2% lydocaine gel was filled in urethra, n=15; group B, 2% lydocaine gel filled with propofol TCI sedation, n=15; group C, 2% lydocaine gel filled with combined ketamine and propofol TCI sedation, n= 15. The mean artery pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2)were measured at 5 time points; preoperation, during local anesthesia, inserting the scope, during testing and the end of testing. The concentration of effect room, wake time when alertness and calm grading (OAA/S)was 3 scores in B and C groups and visual analogue scale( VAS) score of pain after operation were detected. Results The MAP and HR at the time point of inserting the scope in group A had significant difference,compared with preoperation(P0. 05) . In group A, 10 cases pain VAS score were light pain, 4 moderate and 1 severe. In group B and C,no pain and no memory of the operation were reported. Conclusions TCI sedation with low dose of ketamine and propofol in elderly male patients under rigid cystoscope has good effects on sedation, analgesia and anterograde amnesia. The hemodynamics is stable and wake time is short.

Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of azithromycin (Az) versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (A-Cva) in the treatment of some acute respiratory infections in children. Methods Pubmed, EMBase, Medline, Cochrane Library and CJFD were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of their clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated. The RevMan5.2 software was chosen for data analysis. Results Twenty RCTs involving 4980 pediatric patients were included for assessment of the clinical efficacy. Meta-analysis showed that Az had more significant effect on the treatment of some bacterial repiratory infections in children (OR=0.78, 95%CI (0.65,0.93), P=0.007) than A-Cva. In the treatment of upper respiratory infections, acute otitis media and so on, Az had more significant effect (OR=0.75, 95%CI (0.62,0.91), P=0.003); in the treatment of lower respiratory infections, such as community acquired pneumonia and so on, Az and A-Cva acid had the similar effect (OR=1.20, 95%CI(0.62, 2.33), P=0.58). Thirteen RCT involving 3474 pediatric patients were included for assessment of the clinical safety. Meta-analysis shows that the difference between Az and A-Cva is statistic significant in the treatment of some bacterial repiratory infections in children (OR=0.49, 95%CI (0.40, 0.60), P<0.000 01). Conclusion Overall, Meta-analysis shows that Az is more effective and safer in the treatment of some bacterial repiratory infections in children than A-Cva.

The major surgical managements for tibial plateau fractures are anatomical reduction, firm fixation and bone grafting. There have appeared many new techniques in recent years, such as less invasive stability system (LISS) and arthroscopy assisted treatment. But such complications as loss of reduction, infection, soft tissue lesion around the knee, nonunion, posttraumatic arthritis, and knee stiffness seem to be inevitable. This article introduces the mechanism, treatment and prevention of the complications of the tibial plateau fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the method to analyze γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursors 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in urine through LC-MS/MS and provide evidence for related cases. METHODS: GHB-d6 and MOR-d3 were used as the internal standard. The urine sample was separated by LC after protein precipitation with methanol. The electrospray ion source was for ionization. Each compound was detected through multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS: The limits of detection of GHB and its precursors 1,4-BD and GBL were 0.1, 0.1 and 2 μg/mL. The accuracy was 87.6%-98.1%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 15% and matrix effects were higher than 80%. CONCLUSION The method is high sensitive, simple, rapid, specific and with high reliability. This study has provided technical support and basic data for forensic cases involving GHB.
4-Butyrolactone/urine* ; Butylene Glycols/urine* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Hydroxybutyrates/urine* ; Mass Spectrometry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; therapy ; Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; Pain, Intractable ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; complications ; therapy

Coal Mining ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Tuberculosis ; prevention & control

Objective This study was conducted to build experimental model of orthotopic liver transplantation in rat(ROLT) with the character of acute rejection;and to study the effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin G(CTLA4-Ig) on prevention of rejection and the induction of immune tolerance of ROLT.(Methods Build model) of Wistar→SD ROLT(performed by the two cuff method) with character of acute rejection.Recipients were injected with CTLA4-Ig 75 ?g per ROLT into abdominal cavity after 2 days of operation.Contrast was made with no treatment group,the clinical characters,the liver function,the transplantated liver pathologic character and the concentrations of TNF-? in serum were observed and measured on postoperative day 7.In treatment group,all above observation were done on postoperative month 4.Above all,determination of the effect of CTLA4-Ig on preventing acute rejection and inducing tolerance in ROLT was observed.Results ①Recipients(no treatment group) died one by one within 6th～14th days;pathologic character of rejection in transplantation liver could be found;② In treatment group,on postoperative day 7 and month 4,no clinical rejection character and no pathologic character of rejection in transplantation liver were found and serum concentration of cytokins related to TNF-? found lower than that of contrast group(P

Objective:To examine the osmolality of domestic recombinant human interferon α2b injection to provide evidence for the improvement of the national quality standard. Methods:Totally 66 batches of recombinant human interferonα2b injection produced by 9 manufacturers were withdrawn, and the osmolality was determined according to the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Ⅲ(2010 edition). The results were analyzed with statistical methods. Results:The pass rate of osmolality was 98. 5%. The osmolality of more than 90% of the batches was between 85% and 115% of the intermediate value set by the manufacturers. Conclusion:Comprehensive understanding of the quality control of osmolality of domestic recombinant human interferon α2b injection is obtained, which provides data support for the improvement of quality standard of osmolality.