The active form of vitamin D,1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 \,is a secosteroid hormone that binds to the vitamin D receptor(VDR),a member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors for steroid hormones,thyroid hormone,and retinoic acid.1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogue regulate calcium and bone metabolism,control cell proliferation and differentiation,and exert immunoregulatory activities.Recent advances in understanding their functions and novel insights into the immunomodulatory mechanisms they control suggest a wider applicability in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and induction of allograft tolerance.In addition to direct effects on T cell activation,1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogue modulate with different mechanisms the phenotype and function of antigen-presenting cells(APC),and,in particular,of dendritic cells(DC).In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogue induce DC to acquire tolerogenic properties that favor the induction of regulatory rather than effector T cells.These intriguing actions of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its nanlogue have been demonstrated in several experimental models and could be exploited,in principle,to treat a variety of human autoimmune diseases,or inhibit allograft rejection.

Basic research program is essential to the investigation of the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment for these diseases. With increasing support of research grants at various levels, basic research in ophthalmology has gained great achievement in China in recent years. A number of studies have recently been published in well known peer-review international journals and won the State Scientific and Technological Progress Awards. However, we have to keep it in mind that basic research in ophthalmology should be improved qualitatively meanwhile, the imbalance in basic study among different areas needs to be resolved in the near future.

AIM: To investigate the application value of contrast -enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS) and analysis software for intra-ocular tumor diagnosis.
METHODS:Retrospective analysis for 90 cases (90 eyes) with intra- ocular tumor with CEUS examination, and all cases were confirmed by pathology after surgery or clinical comprehensive diagnosis and follow-up.
RESULTS: Choroidal hemangioma, choroidal melanoma, choroidal metastatic carcinoma had obvious different CEUS enhancement pattern, quantitative analysis indexes of those tumors by imaging analysis software were significantly different (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The CEUS can provide quantitative analysis for intra - ocular tumor with preferable clinical application value.

Triptolide (TL) is a major active component extracted from Chinese traditional herb Tripteryginm wil-fordii Hook. In this article, the effects of TL on mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC),suppressor T cell(Ts) activity, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, IL - 2 secretion activity and Th/Ts ratio were evaluated, In vitro TL 0. 5~10 ?g ? L-1suppressed one-way MLC,Lymphocytes induced in first MLC with TL of 5,10 ?g ? L-1 suppressed the second MLC after irradiation with 3000 rad 60Co source. This suggests that TL may induce Ts cell-s. In vivo, DTH reaction sensitized to dinitrofluo-robenzene (DNFB) monitored by the increase in weight of the ears challenged with antigen was suppressed by TL at doses of 0. 12 to 0. 50 mg ? kg-1(ip,qd?5) and the IL -2 activity secreted by spleen cells of these mice was inhibited at doses of 0. 25 and 0. 5 mg ? kg-1. TL 0. 25, 0. 5 mg ? kg-1(ip,qd?8) also had prominent suppres-sive effects on enhanced DTH reaction which was induced by cyclophosphamide(250 mg ? kg-1,ip). Th/Ts ratio of mouse thymus cells were reduced after given 0. 25 mg ? kg-1 of TL for 5 consecutive days. The above-mentioned data suggest that TL has suppressive effects on cellular immunity function and the suppressive mechanism may be related to the suppression of Th cells and IL-2 secretion activity and the induction of Ts cells.

Objective To study the immunomodulative effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D_3 1,25-(OH)_2D_3 on the predominant Th1 response rats. Methods Lewis rats had been fed with 1,25-(OH)_2D_3 (1000ng per rat) for 14 days. The rats in control group were administered vehicle with the same volume as the drug to serve as the experimental group, and then LPS (10ng/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in both groups on the 15th day. 15 rats of each group were sacrificed 6h later and immunological index was measured. Mortality of the remaining ten rats in both group have been observed. Results There was no death in experimental group, while five control rats died at 24h (5/10, 50%), and all the other five control rats survived at 96h. IL-12 and IFN-? were decreased significantly in the experiment group compared with control (3986?328pg/ml vs 4160?289pg/ml, P=0.028; 4840?802pg/ml vs 5264?524pg/ml, P=0.020), while IL-4 was increased (5.57?1.75pg/ml vs 3.72?1.62pg/ml, P=0.036). In white pulp of the spleen of experimental rat the number of lymphocytes decreased significantly as shown with HE-staining, and the PCNA positive cells were distributed focally or dispersively. In addition, by using flow cytometer, it was found that CD4~+ CD25~+ positive lymphocytes were increased significantly in the spleen of experimental rats (1.09%?0.29% vs 0.73%?0.00%, P

AIM: Currently available anti-scarring regimens for glaucoma filtration surgery have potentially blinding complications and safer alternatives would be beneficial. This experiment is to investigate the effect of TGF-β2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on differentiation, proliferation of subconjunctival fibroblast following glaucoma filtration surgery.METHODS: Glaucoma filtration surgery were performed on both eyes of 28 rabbits. TGF-β2 antisense oligodeoxynudeotide was subconjunctivally injected in the right eyes (A group), and TGF-β2 missense oligodeoxynucleotide (B group)or PBS(C group) was used at the same method in the left eyes as controls. Rabbits were killed at 4,7,14 and 28 days after surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb characteristics were recorded at different time point. Subconjunctival fibroblasts were examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.RESULTS: The IOP of rabbits in group A was significantly lower at 14 days (6.74± 1.18 mmHg) and 21 days (8.15± 1.97mmHg) after operation than the IOP in group B (8.53± 1.04,9.72± 1.09 mmHg)(P ＜0.01) and group C(8.79± 1.21, 9.43±1.27 mmHg) (P ＜0.05). The mean bleb survival time was longer (17.2 days) in group A than that of group B (14.5 days) and group C (13.5 days)(P＜0.05). The population of the cells expressing α -smooth muscle actin(α -SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was significantly reduced in group A compared with the group B and C. The ultrastructure of fibroblast was not altered by TGF-β2 anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide.CONCLUSION:TGF-β2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide can prevent the scar formation after glaucoma surgery by inhibit the differentiation and proliferation of subconjunctival fibroblast. It could be a potentially useful anti-scarring alternative for the prevention of late surgical failure.

Ethics committee in hospitals aims to protect the rights of human subjects and patients,and provide ethical evaluation and justification for guaranteeing the quality of medical research and treatment.Based on experiences in recent years,this paper suggests the following methods in order to manage the activities of ethics committees and push its further development,such as to draft the ethics system,establish the criteria of ethics,implement the process administration and provide ethics training.

Objective By surface-enhanced laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS), the serum pmteomic fingerprints related with the changing of malignant tumor patients' serum glucose after chemotherapy was selected and constructed as an predictive model. Methods By SELDI-TOF-MS, the serum of 182 malignant tumor patients who had received chemotherapy were tested, and the pmteomic fingerprints were received. After 2 years follow-up, all the patients were divided into 3 groups: the euglycemia group(136 people), the carbohydrate tolerance abnormality group(27 people), and the diabetes mellitus group (19 people). The proteomic fingerprints were analyzed by Biomarker Wizard Software and the idio-proteomic fingerprint of protective models were constructed by BPS (biomarker pattern software). Results The diagnosis model composed with 2 proteins (M/Z values were 5298 and 9608) could classify the carbohydrate tolerance abnormality group, and the diabetes mellitus group correctly. In the test model, the sensitivity and specificity were 81.48 %(22/27) and 100.00 %(17/17) respectively, the accuracy was 88.64 % (39/44). The diagnosis model composed with 3 proteins (M/Z values were 10324, 2761 and 4084) could classify the diabetes mellitus group and the euglycemia group correctly. In the test model, the sensitivity and specificity were 62.35 %(53/85) and 88.24 %(15/17) respectively, the accuracy was 66.67 %(68/102). The diagnosis model composed with 6 proteins (M/Z values were 5895,6010,6099,3930,5430 and 2495) could classify the diabetes mellitus group and the the carbohydrate tolerance abnormality group correctly. In the test model, the sensitivity and specificity were 77.65 %(66/85) and 96.30 %(26/27) respectively, the accuracy was 82.14 %(92/112). Conclusion SELDI-TOF-MS could be utilized to analyze protein profiling in screening serum glucose changing-related biomarkers and developing diagnostic and predictive patterns, and the developed patterns may be used to predict the changing of serum glucose after chemotherapy in malignant tumor patients.

Acute Disease ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Compartment Syndromes ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the effect of icariin on stimulating Smad4 mRNA level in MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were treated by 0 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 20 ng/ml, 40 ng/ml icariin respectively. MTT method and population diploid time were applied to observe the cell proliferation. The cell ALP level was measured by atomic absorptiometry and the type Ⅰ collagen was observed by immunohisto-chemistry. RT-PCR was used to find the Smad4 mRNA level in the MC3T3-E1 cells. Results Under the inversion phase contrast microscopy, MC3T3-E1 cells were oligodendrocytes-shaped rich with cell organs. The cells density in 10 ng/ml, 20 ng/ml were higher than those in 0 ng/ml,40 ng/ml. Cell growth curve in 10 ng/ml was higher than other 3 groups and the 20ng/ml was higher than 0 ng/ml, 40 ng/ml groups( P