Animals ; Astrocytes ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; prevention & control

Surgical resection has been accepted as a radical therapy for patients with colorectal cancer, but most of them will develop regional recurrence or distant metastasis. With the development and improvement of novel drugs and methods, they will bring survival hope to patients. In this article, we review the developments in chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

Objective To observe the influence of preoperative regional chemotherpy on colon cancer cell cycle.Methods30 colorectal cancer patients received intraarterial chemotherapy 10 days before the radical resection.The expression of p16 and Rb protein was examined by immunohistochemistry.Result was compared with the control group.Results Labeling index (LI) of p16 protein was (35?19)% in treatment group, while in control group L1 was (16?8)%,( P

Objective To know the advantages and disadvantages of problem-based learning from students'angle. Methods Interviewed 15 students by PBL scale and face to face interview,to know their ideas about problem-based learning,and then analyzed the results. Results PBL contributed to developing problem-solving skills,self-directed learning,team collaboration and extending professional knowl-edge. But it failed to show positive effect on students'learning motivation. Conclusions PBL has two sides on the outcomes of learning. Implementing PBL appropriately could gain the optimal effects.

While the basic concept of saving life and decreasing disability h as not changed in the management of polytrauma, the timing and strategies of tre atment have been gradually modified. Damage control is one of the new strategies , and its application in orthopedic traumatology is known as damage control orth opedics. Damage control orthopedics involves formalized three stages in the mana gement of fractures of long bones and pelvis. Stage 1 consists of temporary fixa tion of the unstable fractures and hemostasis. Stage 2 comprises resuscitation, warming, oxygen delivery and administration of coagulation factors to the patien t in the intensive care unit. In Stage 3 definitive fixation is done for the fra cture. Indications of damage control orthopedics: for patients with polytrauma w hose conditions are unstable or in extremis the damage control strategy is recom mended. For the borderline patients early total care may be applied, but the sur gery should be performed with great caution. It has to be converted to the damag e control strategy if conditions of the patient deteriorate during the operation . Since damage control orthopedics is an evolving practice, further work is need ed to enhance its effectiveness and to reduce the incidence of ARDS and MOF.

Modern Chinese Orthopaedic traumatology has stemmed from the orthopaed ics of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TMC)and western orthopaedics.On the one hand,with a long history and its unique system of theory and treatment,TMC orthopaedics h as made a great con-tribution to the development of modern Chinese orthopaedic traumatology.On the other hand,the introduction and development of western medicine have dramatically pro moted the development of modern Chinese orthopaedic traumatology.Modern Chinese surgeons of orthopaedic trauma have accomplished numerous successful f irst cases in the world since 1950s an d have thus expanded their professional influence.At pr esent,the Chinese orthopaedic trau ma community has grown much stronger and established its ow n academic associations and journals.More and more de-partments of orthopaedic traumatology have been successively establis hed as an independent en-tity in large and middle-sized hospi tals in China.So far,the Chinese orthopaedic trauma com-munity,on the whole,has reached the international level,but there are q uite a lot to be improved in the aspect of treatment.To end the backwardness,in the future Chinese orthopaedic trauma community should make great efforts in education of orthopedists on comp rehensive knowledge,establishment of formal profession al training system,national standardization of orthopaedic procedures in clinical diagnosis an d treatment,active membership of re lative international aca-demic associations and increasing p rofessional exchanges with international counterparts,as well as in research and development of operative techniques and fixators.All these will be the main strategies and developmental trends in the future for Chinese orthopaed ic traumatology. [

The major surgical managements for tibial plateau fractures are anatomical reduction, firm fixation and bone grafting. There have appeared many new techniques in recent years, such as less invasive stability system (LISS) and arthroscopy assisted treatment. But such complications as loss of reduction, infection, soft tissue lesion around the knee, nonunion, posttraumatic arthritis, and knee stiffness seem to be inevitable. This article introduces the mechanism, treatment and prevention of the complications of the tibial plateau fracture.

Objective To investigate the impact of oral contrast agent for assisting in outlining the small bowel on pelvic volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) dose in patients with cervical cancer.Methods Nine cervical cancer patients for postoperative radiotherapy underwent CT scans,and the target volumes and organs at risk including the small bowel were contoured.The VMAT plan was designed for each case.Then another plan was generated by re-calculating the radiation dose after changing the electron density of the small bowel.The first plan (plan A) was the conventional VMAT plan,and the second one (plan B) specified the electron density of the small bowel.Paired t-test was used to compare the dose distribution between the two plans.Results The Dg8,D5o,conformity index,and homogeneity index of plans A and B were 4 989.1 vs.5 000.1 cGy (P =0.026),5 208.6 vs.5 191.6 cGy (P =0.005),0.766 vs.0.765 (P =0.920),and 0.081 vs.0.074(P =0.055),respectively.The volumes of the small bowel receiving at least 30 Gy for plans A and B were 309.3 vs.314.3 cm3(P =0.207),while bladder V45 of the two plans was 52.4％ vs.51.1％ (P =0.168).To achieve the same prescribed dose,plan A and plan B needed 893.3 MU and 865.8 MU (P =0.093).Conclusions The contrast agent filling the small bowel does not lead to a significant increase in the pelvic VMAT dose in patients with cervical cancer after surgery.

Objective To explore the adjustment of interleukin II combining lifein for CD+4 T lymphocyte, Th1 and Th2 of patients with malignant tumor. Methods CD+4 T lymphocyte were measured by flow cytometer. Th1 lymphocyte and Th2 lymphocyte were measured by ELISA. Thirty- eight patients with malignant tumor were enrolled in the study. Interleukin II were administered at the dose of 500 000 U, i.h Qd, from day 1 to day 5. Lifein were administered at the dose of 10mg/d, i.m Qd, from day 6 to day 21 or form day 6 to day 27. The count of CD+4 T lymphocyte, Th1 lymphocyte and Th2 lymphocyte were studied before treatment, 2 weeks and 1 month after treatment. Conduct ANOYA using SPSS software. Results The expression of CD+4 T lymphocyte in patients as with increase tendency. The counts of Th1 lymphocyte, Th2 lymphocyte and Th1/Th2 were not significantly different after treatment. Conclusions The dose of this treatment could enhance the count of CD+4 T, but it could not adjust the count of Th1 lymphocyte, Th2 lymphocyte. The target of treatment about interleukin II combining lifein for patients with malignant tumor is CD+4 T lymphocyte's other subsets.

AIM:To explore the feasibility and biological characterization of long-term regulated expansion of JAK2 transduced human CD34+ cord blood cells in vitro.METHODS: A retrovirus (RV) vector which contains JAK2 catalytic domain and two binding sites for a chemical inducer, dimerization (AP20187), was cloned (designated MGI-F2JAK2). CD34+cells were enriched from cord blood with a MiniMACS system. The purified CD34+cells were transfected with supernatant from the retrovirus packaging cell line that expressed JAK2. Following transduction, cells were expanded into four groups: AP20187 alone, FL alone, TPO, alone, AP20187+FL+TPO, respectively. The expanded cells were monitored by GFP expression, immunophenotyping, progenitor colony assay, karyotype analysis as well as tumorigenesis in nude mice. RESULTS: The purity of selected CD34+ cells was over 91% and gene transfer rate was 49.32%?6.21%. Only the group of AP20187 +FL+ TPO was obtained a significant sustained outgrowth of the transduced CD34+ cord blood cells. The percentage of GFP+ cells consistently produced a rise to the 90% peak level by the end of 8th week of culture. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the phenotype of the expanded cells was CD33+, CD61+ and Gly-A+ partial positive; CD38+ and HLA-DR+ strong positive, while CD2, CD7 and CD19 were almost negative. Colony assays performed in methycelluos, which can give rise to BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-Mix, the CFU-GM was predominantly in all colonies. The tumor was not observed in nude mice and the karyotype analysis was normal from expanded cells.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that AP20187-mediated activation of JAK2 signaling is capable of stimulating expansion JAK2 transduced CB CD34+ cells in combination with FL and TPO. This system may have applications for studies in signaling transduction, hematopoiesis, and for gene and cell therapy.