No abstract available.
Patch Tests

Sensitivity to mercury appears to be not uncommon and perhaps the commonest contact with mercury in the general population is by amalgam dental restorations. Recently, we have experienced 2 cases of mercury dermatitis following amalgam dental restorations which were confirmed by the patch test. We report our cases with the patch test results and review the literatue on previous reports.
Dermatitis* ; Patch Tests

No abstract available.
Gangwon-do* ; Patch Tests*

PURPOSE: To assess the change of deviation angle after the patch test and +3.00 diopter (D) spherical lens test in basic intermittent exotropia. METHODS: The present study included 57 patients diagnosed with basic intermittent exotropia. The deviation angles at near and far before and after monocular occlusion of 40 minutes or more were measured. Afterward, change of deviation was also measured by placing +3.00 D spherical lenses at near. RESULTS: Results from the study revealed pre-occlusion mean deviation angles of 23.1 +/- 7.41 prism diopters (PD) at near, and 23.9 +/- 6.56 PD at far. After the patch test, the mean deviation angles were increased to 28.3 +/- 6.50 PD (p < 0.0001) at near, and 25.5 +/- 6.40 PD (p < 0.0001) at far. After the +3.00 D spherical lens test, the angle was increased to 31.5 +/- 7.53 PD (p < 0.0001) at near. Using the gradient method, the average accommodation convergence - accommodation ratio was 1.4 +/- 1.19 PD/D. CONCLUSIONS: Both the patch test and +3.00 D spherical lens test significantly increased the deviation angles at near and far, they helped to find the maximum deviation angle in patients with basic intermittent exotropia.
Exotropia ; Humans ; Patch Tests

Quaternium-15 (Dowicil 200) which is a water-soluble antimicrobial agent and a formaldehyde releaser is widely being used as a preservative in cosmetics and medicaments these days. However, there are scanty reports about it in the Korean literature. Recently, we have experienced two cases of Quaternium-15 contact dermatitis probably related with their cosmetics and topical medicament, respectively. We report our cases with the patch test results.
Dermatitis, Contact* ; Formaldehyde ; Patch Tests

No abstract available.
Acetaldehyde* ; Disulfiram* ; Ethanol* ; Patch Tests*

BACKGROUND: Soaps are the most widely used body cleanser and sometimes cause irritation of the skin. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the skin irritancy of 6 soaps using noninvasive techniques. METHODS: The skin responses to patch test with 6 soaps were measured by visual scoring, evaporimeter and corneometer. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows. 1. F soap was shown to cause the least irritancy measured by visual scoring and corneometer. But using evaporimeter, there were no differences in irritancy between the 6 soaps. 2. Through correlation analysis, we found that the evaluation of the evaporimeter was closely related to visual measurement. CONCLUSION: Soap irritancy can be measured by noninvasive techniques, such as the evaporimeter, corneometer, laser doppler flowmetry and visual scoring. Further study of evaluation after short and repeat contacts with soap are needed.
Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Patch Tests ; Skin ; Soaps*

BACKGROUND: Cosmetic cleansers are most widely used to remove makeup and sometimes cause allergic or irritation contact dermatitis. We can patch test soaps or shampoos as 2% concentration, but cleansers have been not determined for the concentration by patch test yet. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration of cosmetic cleansers for patch test. METHODS: The skin responses to patch testing with variable cleansers in different concentrations were measured by visual scoring, spectrometer, evaporimeter and corneometer. RESULTS: The results of the studies were summarized as follows; 1. The cream type and lotion type cleansers showed no skin responses. 2. The skin response of foam type cleansers showed that the one had statistical significance between 2% and 5%, and the other had 5% and 10% concentration. 3. The skin response of gel type cleansers showed statistical significance between 5% and 10% concentration. 4. Through correlation analysis, we found that the evaluation of the evaporimeter or corneometer were not related to the visual measurement. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that cosmetic cleansers of water, lotion and cream type can be tested as is(100%), and foam type cleansers with 2%, and gel type should be tested with 5% concentration.
Dermatitis, Contact ; Patch Tests* ; Skin ; Soaps

We herein report a case of occupational contact urticaria syndrome induced by cefotiam di-hydrochloride in a nurse. She had generalized pruritic wheals accompanied by palpitations and tachypnea during the preparation of cefotiam solution. A scratch patch test with cefotiam di-hydrochloride, a major component of cefotiam ingredient showed multiple erythema and wheals within 5 minutes, accompanied by palpitations and tachypnea. No delayed type reaction was observed. Based on her clinical history and scratch test result, we diagnosed her condition as contact urticaria syndrome caused by cefotiam.
Cefotiam* ; Erythema ; Patch Tests ; Tachypnea ; Urticaria*

Dibucaine hydrochloride is an amide-type local anesthetic and it is well known to be a contact allergen. Although there are some reports of allergic contact dermatitis due to over-the-counter medications containing dibucaine in the foreign literature, there is only one report of it in the Korean literature. We report here on a case of allergic contact dermatitis due to an over-the-counter drug containing dibucaine in a 41-year-old-woman. The patch test with the preparation that she had used and the TRUE(R) test revealed positive reactions to the dibucaine mix and Moscool(R).
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dibucaine ; Patch Tests