OBJECTIVES: Recently the care of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease is important as much as that of cancer care in public health, so the control of diabetes mellitus(DM) which is a risk factor of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease has been also important consideration. This study was carried out to investigate the blood glucose change of the participants in diabetes mellitus class(DM class) of a health center. METHODS: Study subjects were 54 participants of DM class in a health center that had been held once a month, from January 2005 to March 2006. RESULTS: Among the DM class participants, 67.3% participated by 50% or over in the DM class. After DM class, the level of random blood sugar decreased from 176mg/dl to 156mg/dl in DM class participants(p<0.05). In a comparison between more than 50% participation group and less than 50% participation group, more than 50% participation group got decreased level of blood sugar from 182mg/dl to 155mg/dl and less than 50% participation group also got decreased level from 172mg/dl to 156mg/dl. But there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: DM class of health center was effective program to manage diabetes mellitus patients in community.
Blood Glucose ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Public Health ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Fetal Blood* ; Humans ; Neprilysin* ; Neutrophils* ; Respiratory Burst*

A kidney containing more than 1000 cc fluid in its collecting system is generally defined hydronephrosis. A 23-years.old Korean soldier was diagnosed as having giant hydronephrosis (content: of 2000cc) associated with ureteropelvic stricture on urogram. It was improved with Foley-Y-Plasty.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney* ; Military Personnel

PURPOSE: This study of this study was to identify factors influencing the burden of main family caregivers who take care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases. METHODS: This was conducted as descriptive research and data were collected from 255 main family caregivers who were taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases from 4 hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. Stepwise-multiple regression was used to identify the influencing factors of burden felt. RESULTS: As the score of burden felt by the main family, economic, social, physical, interdependent and emotional burdens were high in order. Factors influencing burden felt by main family care givers taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases were changed relation with patient after hospitalization, daily life ability, marital status, education and family caregiver's personality (explanatory power of 24.6%). Family caregivers felt a heavier burden when their relation with the patient was changed negatively or when the patient's activity of daily living was low. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we need to develop coping measures and interventional programs for reducing the burden felt by the main family caregivers of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases.
Aged* ; Brain Diseases ; Brain* ; Caregivers* ; Cost of Illness ; Daegu ; Education ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Life ; Marital Status ; Spinal Diseases*

PURPOSE: This study of this study was to identify factors influencing the burden of main family caregivers who take care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases. METHODS: This was conducted as descriptive research and data were collected from 255 main family caregivers who were taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases from 4 hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. Stepwise-multiple regression was used to identify the influencing factors of burden felt. RESULTS: As the score of burden felt by the main family, economic, social, physical, interdependent and emotional burdens were high in order. Factors influencing burden felt by main family care givers taking care of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases were changed relation with patient after hospitalization, daily life ability, marital status, education and family caregiver's personality (explanatory power of 24.6%). Family caregivers felt a heavier burden when their relation with the patient was changed negatively or when the patient's activity of daily living was low. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we need to develop coping measures and interventional programs for reducing the burden felt by the main family caregivers of elderly patients with brain and spinal diseases.
Aged* ; Brain Diseases ; Brain* ; Caregivers* ; Cost of Illness ; Daegu ; Education ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Life ; Marital Status ; Spinal Diseases*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluat the effects of a culture medium with glucose in the presence of glutamine on the development of mouse embryos. METHODS: Two-cell embryos recovered from ICR mice at 48 hrs after hCG injection (mated just after hCG injection) were cultured in DMEM (with 20% hFF) supplemented with or without glucose on the presence of glutamine. Embryos were cultured under three different glucose regimens: (1) 0 mM (control); (2) 0.5 mM (group I); or (3) 3.15 mM (group II), and were analyzed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours intervals. Chi-square test (x2-test) was used to compare values of groups. RESULTS: No differences were found in the number of embryos showing morula (control: 37.5%; group I: 51.0%; group II: 48.4%), blastocyst (control: 21.5%; group I: 33.3%; group II: 34.4%) and blastocyst and hatching or hatched blastocyst (control: 81.9%; group I: 83.3%; group II: 82.8%) between groups at 24 hrs, 48 hrs or 72 hrs respectively. However at 96 hrs, the number of hatched and attached blastocyst was significantly higher in group I (82.3%) and II (78.5%) than control (63.2%; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of glucose (0.5 mM) to the DMEM, as energy source, improved the rate of development of late stage embryos in mice.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Eagles* ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Glucose* ; Glutamine* ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Morula ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to develop a Korean version of the Participatory Action Oriented Training (PAOT) program and training materials for improvement of agricultural working environments. METHODS: The PAOT manual and checklist were developed on the basis of the original English version of the training materials, a questionnaire survey of agricultural health and safety professionals, and a brainstorming conference. Good example pictures were collected through visits to agricultural workers' houses, and an easily understandable picture was drawn by an animation specialist. A PAOT action manual and five types of action checklists were developed for use in different agricultural environments. Each action checklist contained six categories and 38 items of agricultural health and safety principles; the six categories were material storage and handling, work stations and tools, machine safety, physical environment, working schedule and organization, and basic health and safety management. Incorporating these training materials, a one-day Korean PAOT program was developed. RESULTS: Among 307 candidate agricultural workers from four rural Korean villages, 94 workers (59 males, 35 females) participated in a PAOT from July 2007 to Oct 2008. The PAOT program was successful and the mean self-estimated satisfaction score of the participants was greater than 90%. CONCLUSIONS: A Korean PAOT program and training materials were successfully developed and applied to Korean agricultural workers. Although more studies are needed, it is expected that PAOT will greatly contribute to the improvement of agricultural working conditions and health and safety through the use of agricultural workers' self initiatives.
Appointments and Schedules ; Checklist ; Farmers ; Handling (Psychology) ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Safety Management ; Specialization ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Few studies have demonstrated an enhanced skin responsiveness to opiates in atopic subjects. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the skin response to morphine is increased in atopics and to assess the clinical usefulness of morphine skin prick test in diagnosis of allergic diseases. METHOD: Allergy skin prick tests were performed using 55 common allergens, histamine, and morphine in 158 patients with allergic diseases. RESULTS: Wheal and flare sizes for morphine (1mg/mL) were significantly related to and smaller than those for histamine (1mg/mL). Although the proportion of subjects with allergic rhinitis and the level of serum total IgE were not different between responders (wheal >- 2mm) and nonresponders to morphine, the positive response rate to allergens was significantly lower in nonresponders. The flare sizes for morphine were significantly higher in positive allergen test group (A/H ratio >- 0.5). Among positive allergen test group, the subjects with atopy score >- 5 showed a larger flare size for morphine than those with atopy score < 5 while the sizes for histamine were not different. CONCLUSION: Morphine skin prick test is helpful for detecting false negative responses to allergens, and morphine skin test responses are increased in highly atopic patients probably due to enhanced mast cell releasability.
Allergens ; Diagnosis* ; Histamine ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Mast Cells ; Morphine* ; Rhinitis ; Skin Tests ; Skin*

Heterotopic bone formation is a very rare event in the gastrointestinal tract including in the appendix. Here we report three cases of heterotopic ossification in appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, one occurring in an appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma, another in a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, and the third occurring in an appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma. The clinicopathologic characteristics of these three present cases and two previously reported cases are discussed in detail. The mechanism of heterotopic ossification in appendiceal mucinous neoplasm is still unclear, but mucin extravasation and subsequent calcification may be predisposing events.

OBJECTIVE: There is a large and increasing body of experimental and clinical data supporting the existence of variable estrogen receptors in both normal and neoplastic estrogen target tissue. Recently, exon 5 deleted estrogen receptor(D5-ER) has been identified in many estrogen dependent tumors. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between uterine myoma and D5-ER. METHODS: The relative amount of wild type estrogen receptor mRNA and D5-ER mRNA were examined in human myometrium and myoma tissue obtained from 12 myoma patients and 12 control subjects by RT-PCR. The correlation between WT/D5-ER ratio and age was also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in expression of D5-ER mRNA not only between myoma and myometrim of the myoma patients, but also between myometrium of myoma patients and normal subjects. No significant correlation was found between D5-ER expression and age of the subjects in myometrial tissue. However, we could find negative correlation between WT/D5-ER ratio and age in myoma tissue. CONCLUSION: Upon these data, we conclude that D5-ER is a common variant mutation of estrogen receptor, which is not related with development of myoma. However, in myoma tissue, there is possibility that D5-ER may act some role in the growth of tumor.
Animals ; Estrogens* ; Exons* ; Female ; Humans* ; Leiomyoma* ; Mice ; Myoma ; Myometrium* ; Receptors, Estrogen ; RNA, Messenger*