AIM:To explore the preliminary mechanism of senegenin ( Sen) on inhibiting hypoxia/reoxygenation ( H/R)-induced apoptosis of primary cortical neurons .METHODS:The cultured cortical neurons were randomly divided in-to normal group (control group), model group (H/R group), Sen+H/R group and Sen group.Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of Sen on H/R-induced cell apoptosis .The protein levels of JNK , p-JNK, c-Jun, p-c-Jun, Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed by Western blotting .RESULTS:The apoptotic rate in H/R group was obviously higher than that in control group (P<0.05), while the apoptotic rate in Sen +H/R group was obviously lower than that in H/R group (P<0.05), suggesting that the model of apoptosis was established successfully .The results of Western blotting showed that Sen increased the expression of JNK and c-Jun, inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun (P<0.05), increased the protein level of Bcl-2 and inhibited the protein level of Bax in H/R treated primary cortical neurons (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Sen has a protective effect against H/R-induced neuronal apoptosis by increasing the expression of JNK and c-Jun, inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun, increasing the protein level of Bcl-2 and decreasing the protein level of Bax .

OBJECTIVETo detect the embryo toxicity and the teratogenicity of DNAN in rats and provide basic data to occupational protection.

METHODS120 adult female SD rats and 60 male rats are mating for 1: 1, and the pregnant rats were randomly divided into five groups by the pregnant time. The negative control group are gavaged with 4% starch, and the three experiment groups are gavaged with DNAN suspension with the dose of 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg respectively, while the positive control give aspirin of 280 mg/kg. All rats of the five groups are administrated gavage from gestation day 5 (GD5) to GD19 continuously. The rats are dislocated in GD20, and the toxicity of embryo and toetus are detected.

RESULTSThe net weight growth in all three dose group are less than that of negative group, while the dead foetus in high dose group is more than negative group. Moreover, the body weight, body lenghth, tail lenghth and the anal genital distance of foetus rats in high dose group are all less than that of negative group. The foetus external malformations of three dose groups appear no significant compared with negative group.However, the prevalences of skeleton malformation in high dose group and the internal organs malformation in the median and high dose group appear significant higher than that of negative group. There are significantly maternal reproductive toxicity, embryo toxicity and toetus toxicity in positive group.

CONCLUSIONDNAN can induced maternal reproductive toxicity, embryo toxicity and the teratogenicity to rats.

Animals ; Anisoles ; toxicity ; Female ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Teratogens ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests

OBJECTIVETo detect the toxicity and teratogenicity of 2, 2-dinitroethene-1, 1-diamine (FOX-7) in rats.

METHODS125 adult SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, which are negative control (0 mg/kg) , positive control (280 mg/kg aspirin) , and three dose groups (5, 15, and 45 mg/kg) . They were administrated by gavage once a day from the 5th days to 19th days after pregnancy. The weight changes and toxicity of pregnant rats are recorded within the study, and the skeleton and internal organs malformations are detected by the recommended methods.

RESULTSAfter 5 or 6 days being poisoned, the pregnant rats appear significantly toxicity symptoms, such as exciting, irritability, and so on. The net weight raise in high dose group is less than the negative group, while the numbers of dead foetus in median and high dose groups are both more than that of negative group. Comparing with the negative group, the body weight and body lenghth of foetus rats in median and high dose groups, and the tail lenghth in high dose group are lower significantly. There are no external malformations in negative group and three dose groups. However, the foetus of high dose group appear significant skeleton and internal organs malformation prevalences that are significant more than negative group, including lateral cerebral ventricles enlarged, which accounts for 9.17%, occipital bone lost, which accounts for 2.59%.

CONCLUSIONFOX-7 can induced maternal reproductive toxicity, foetus toxicity and teratogenicity hazards to rats.

Animals ; Body Weight ; Female ; Nitro Compounds ; toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Teratogens ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests

Objective:To explore the effect of postoperative intravenous drip of tranexamic acid on perioperative blood loss, coagulation function and knee joint function in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Methods:A total of 100 patients who underwent unilateral total knee arthroplasty for the first time from August 2018 to August 2020 in Dingzhou People′s Hospital were selected and divided into the tranexamic acid group and the control group according to registration order, with 50 cases in each group. The tranexamic acid group was given intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid immediately after the operation, and the control group was given intravenous infusion with the same dose of normal saline after the operation. The postoperative drainage volume was evaluated at 12 h after the treatment, and the total blood loss and occult blood loss were calculated. The change value of hemoglobin, related indexes of the coagulation function at 24 h after the operation, the knee joint range of motion before and after the operation, and Hospital for Special Surgery knee score (HSS score) were recorded. The proportion of blood transfusion, the rate of deep vein thrombosis and the incidence of pulmonary embolism were compared.Results:The postoperative drainage, total blood loss and occult blood loss in the tranexamic acid group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The change value of hemoglobin in the tranexamic acid group was significantly lower than that in the control group: (33.32 ± 8.87) g/L vs. (47.37 ± 9.26) g/L, t = 7.75, P<0.05. There was no statistically significant difference in related indexes of coagulation function in the two group at 24 h after the operation ( P>0.05). The range of motion of the knee joint and the HSS scores in the tranexamic acid group were significantly greater than those in the control group: (98.57 ± 7.28)° vs. (87.20 ± 8.05)°, (87.25 ± 8.30) points vs. (78.37 ± 10.20) points, t =7.41, 4.78, P<0.05. The proportion of postoperative blood transfusion, the rate of deep vein thrombosis and the incidence of pulmonary embolism in the tranexamic acid group were significantly lower than those in the control group: 14.0%(7/50) vs. 32.0%(16/50), 6.0%(3/50) vs. 20.0%(10/50), 4.0%(2/50) vs. 16.0%(8/50), χ2 = 4.57, 4.33, 4.00, P<0.05. Conclusions:Tranexamic acid can reduce perioperative bleeding in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, reduce the proportion of patients undergoing blood transfusion, without increasing the risk of thrombosis and pulmonary embolism complications. Besides, it doesnot affect the coagulation function, and can accelerate the recovery of knee joint function.

Objective:To explore the factors of perioperative blood loss during total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to analyze the influence of tranexamic acid on the amount of occult bleeding.Methods:A total of 100 patients who underwent TKA surgery in the knee surgery department of Dingzhou People′s Hospital from August 2018 to August 2020 were selected as the research subjects. According to whether tranexamic acid was used or not, they were divided into tranexamic acid group (68 cases) and non-tranexamic acid group (32 cases). The influence of the age, presence or absence of comorbidities, tourniquet use time, body mass index (BMI), platelet count (PLT) levels, and tranexamic acid use on TKA perioperative occult blood loss were analyzed.Results:Univariate analysis showed that factors such as age, presence or absence of comorbidities, tourniquet use time, BMI and PLT levels had a significant effect on occult blood loss, and the difference between different groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05), while gender and disease type, operation side, operation time and blood transfusion type had no significant effect on occult blood loss ( P>0.05); The latent blood loss in the tranexamic acid group was significantly lower than that in the non-tranexamic acid group: (662.47 ± 65.82) ml vs. (733.86 ± 59.86) ml, P<0.05. The proportion of allogeneic blood transfusion in the tranexamic acid group was significantly lower than that in the non-tranexamic acid group: 45.49%(31/68) vs. 68.75% (22/32), P<0.05. Postoperative drainage volume and perioperative total blood loss in the tranexamic acid group were significantly lower than those in the non-tranexamic acid group: (211.54 ± 85.63) ml vs. (427.61 ± 103.08) ml, (995.38 ± 187.11) ml vs. (1 276.42 ± 236.84) ml, P<0.05. Multivariate analysis showed that age, comorbidities, and tourniquet use time, and BMI were independent risk factors affecting the increase of perioperative occult blood loss ( P<0.05), and tranexamic acid was a protective factor ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Old age, comorbidities, excessive use time of tourniquets, and obesity can all cause the increase of perioperative occult blood loss during TKA. The use of tranexamic acid can effectively reduce the occult blood loss.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of microRNA-140 (miR-140) on the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and the possible mechanism.

METHODSmiR-140 mimics, miR-140 specific inhibitor or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Smad3 were transfected into human CRC cell line RKO cells respectively, using Oligofectamine or Lipofectamine2000. Quantitative real-time PCR (real-time PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of miR-140 and Smad3 mRNA. Smad3 protein was analyzed by Western blot. The in vitro cell migrating and invasive abilities were determined by wound-healing and Transwell chamber assay after up-regulating or down-regulating miR-140 or knocking down Smad3.

RESULTSThe Western blot assays showed that the Smad3 protein level was significantly reduced after up-regulating miR-140 (0.04 ± 0.01), compared with that of (0.47 ± 0.02, P < 0.05) in the control group and that of (0.52 ± 0.06) in the negative control group (P < 0.05 for both). The results of real-time PCR indicated that no significant difference was found in the levels of Smad3 mRNA between miR-140 transfection and NC groups (1.11 ± 0.13 vs. 1.00 ± 0.06, P > 0.05). The wound-healing assay showed that the migrating ability was dramatically attenuated by miR-140 compared with that in the control and NC groups, whereas no significance was found when compared with that of the Smad3 siRNA transfected cells. The number of cells migrating through Transwell chamber without matrigel in the miR-140 group was (76.2 ± 4.4), remarkably lowered than that in the control (267.1 ± 4.9) and NC (336.1 ± 5.7) groups (P < 0.05 for both), but no significant difference between the miR-140 (76.2 ± 4.4) and Smad3 siRNA (83.5 ± 7.3) groups. Transwell chamber with matrigel assay showed that number of cells penetrating through the membrane was (109.5 ± 7.4) in the miR-140 group, significantly lower than that in the control (403.1 ± 5.1) and NC (392.6 ± 8.4) groups (P < 0.05 for both), while Smad3 siRNA transfection had a similar effect (138.8 ± 3.6)(P > 0.05). Down-regulation of miR-140 increased the level of smad3 protein expression, and partially reversed the inhibition of the cell migration and invasion mediated by miR-140. Co-transfection of miR-140 inhibitor and Smad3 siRNA had no significant effect on the Smad3 protein expression and the abilities of cell migration and invasion.

CONCLUSIONSmiR-140 regulates the Smad3 expression at the post-transcriptional level. miR-140 suppresses the migrating and invasive abilities of CRC cells, possibly through down-regulation of Smad3. The findings of this study suggest that miR-140 may have a unique potential as a possible biomarker candidate for diagnosis and therapy of tumor metastasis.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Smad3 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation

Singular periosseous osteochondroma-like hyperplasia is often misdiagnosed, because of its atypical skin lesion. The clinical reports in China are rare. On May 29, 2018, a patient with osteochondroma-like hyperplasia of singular bone on the right foot was diagnosed at the Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Tissue biopsy was performed for histopathological confirmation. The incision healed well after operation, and there was no recurrence observed in the follow-up period of 5 months.

Objective:To investigate the differential performance of ultrasound between fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) and venous malformations(VMs).Methods:From January 2015 to December 2020, the patients diagnosed with lower extremity FAVA by pathology in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were enrolled as FAVA group. The patients diagnosed with lower extremity VMs by pathology were enrolled as the control group. The clinical and ultrasound imaging data were retrospectively analyzed. Through the single factor analysis of the two groups’data, the ultrasonic imaging indicators which may be valuable for distinguishing FAVA from VMs were screened. Further, the indicators valuable for differential diagnosis were determined by multi-factor Logistic regression analysis, and a multi-factor joint diagnosis model was constructed. The diagnostic efficiency of the joint diagnosis model was evaluated by the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve), sensitivity, and specificity of the subjects.Results:A total of 20 patients with FAVA were involved, including 11 males and 9 females. The mean age was (18.1±12.2) years. Forty-six patients with VMs were involved, including 20 males and 26 females. The mean age was (19.9±13.6) years. Results of the single-factor analysis were differences in the lesion echo, fascial tail, blood flow, extrusion test, and posterior echo enhance characteristics between groups ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed significant differences between groups in three aspects: fascial tail, extrusion test, and posterior echo enhancement ( P=0.001, 0.008, 0.007). The sensitivity and specificity of the multi-factor combined diagnosis model were 90.0% (95% CI: 68.3%-98.8%) and 93.5%(95% CI: 82.1%-98.6%), indicating high diagnostic efficiency. The ROC(AUC) area was 0.964(95% CI: 0.886-0.994), indicating high diagnostic efficiency. Conclusions:The ultrasonic imaging features of FAVA and VMs were different. The combined diagnosis of the fascial tail, compression test, and posterior echo enhancement has a higher auxiliary diagnostic value.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, and differential diagnosis of verrucous hemangioma (VH).Methods:Twenty-eight VH cases diagnosed from 2005 to 2020 in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China were analyzed retrospectively. Immunohistochemical studies were used to detect diagnostic markers. The mutation status of PIK3CA (exons 9 and 20) was detected using fluorescence PCR.Results:There were 13 males and 15 females in 28 cases, with the male to female ratio of 1.0∶1.2. There were 25 patients under the age of 18 years. The age range was from 10 months to 56 years (mean, 9.7 years; median, 4.5 years). There were 17 cases occurred in the lower extremities, 7 in the upper extremities and 4 in the trunk. All 28 cases were irregular red patches on the skin, which grew slowly. Some of them were thickened with uneven surface, which was light pink or red-white. Skin lesions of the 7 cases ranged from dark red and reddish brown, with a rough and hard surface. Satellite foci were present. Microscopically, 28 cases had a wide range of pathological features. Dilated, malformed vessels were observed from dermal papilla to deep soft tissue. Among them, the dermal papillary layer was mainly composed of many proliferating and expanding thin-walled capillaries and cavernous blood vessels. Thin-walled small vessels were found in the dermal reticular layer and subcutaneous fascia layer, with no obvious endothelial cell proliferation, occasional papillary hyperplasia, and lobular distribution of the malformed vessels in the fascia layer mixed with the fibroadipose tissue. There was epidermal papillary hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, lengthening and mutual fusion of epithelial horns. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD31, CD34, ERG and WT-1 were diffusely and strongly positive. The expression of GLUT-1 was present in superficial dermal vascular endothelial cells, but undetectable in the deep layer. The PIK3CA tests of 13 cases showed that no somatic mutations were found in exons 9 and 20. Twenty-five patients were followed up for 5 months to 10 years. Seven patients underwent multiple surgical resections and plastic surgeries due to the large size, and 8 patients had recurrence.Conclusions:VH is a rare congenital vascular malformation and more commonly occurs in infants and children. It tends to appear in limbs, especially lower limbs and distal limbs. Its morphology and immunophenotype are characteristic and should be distinguished from other vascular malformations and the resolution phase of infant hemangiomas. In about one third of the cases, postoperative recurrence may occur and long-term follow-up is often required.

Objective:To investigate the differential performance of ultrasound between fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) and venous malformations(VMs).Methods:From January 2015 to December 2020, the patients diagnosed with lower extremity FAVA by pathology in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were enrolled as FAVA group. The patients diagnosed with lower extremity VMs by pathology were enrolled as the control group. The clinical and ultrasound imaging data were retrospectively analyzed. Through the single factor analysis of the two groups’data, the ultrasonic imaging indicators which may be valuable for distinguishing FAVA from VMs were screened. Further, the indicators valuable for differential diagnosis were determined by multi-factor Logistic regression analysis, and a multi-factor joint diagnosis model was constructed. The diagnostic efficiency of the joint diagnosis model was evaluated by the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve), sensitivity, and specificity of the subjects.Results:A total of 20 patients with FAVA were involved, including 11 males and 9 females. The mean age was (18.1±12.2) years. Forty-six patients with VMs were involved, including 20 males and 26 females. The mean age was (19.9±13.6) years. Results of the single-factor analysis were differences in the lesion echo, fascial tail, blood flow, extrusion test, and posterior echo enhance characteristics between groups ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed significant differences between groups in three aspects: fascial tail, extrusion test, and posterior echo enhancement ( P=0.001, 0.008, 0.007). The sensitivity and specificity of the multi-factor combined diagnosis model were 90.0% (95% CI: 68.3%-98.8%) and 93.5%(95% CI: 82.1%-98.6%), indicating high diagnostic efficiency. The ROC(AUC) area was 0.964(95% CI: 0.886-0.994), indicating high diagnostic efficiency. Conclusions:The ultrasonic imaging features of FAVA and VMs were different. The combined diagnosis of the fascial tail, compression test, and posterior echo enhancement has a higher auxiliary diagnostic value.