Objective;To evaluate the endourethral surgery for urethrostenosis and urethratresia. Methods:68 patients with urethrosteno-sis or urethratresia were treated by endourethral surgery, such as internal urethrotomy, transurethral scar resection. Results: Of the 68 cases, the outcome was satisfactiory in 61 (89. 71% ). Endourethral surgery was carried out once for 55 patients and twice for 6,7 patients required open surgery. All patients had followed by urethral dilatation. 59 patients were followed - up for 3 months to 5 years. 54 cases can micture normally. Conclusions; Endourethral surgery is simple,safe,efficient treatment for urethrostenosis and urethratresia.

Objective To observe the effect of HBO in the treatment of artery complications after liver transplantation.Method Five cases were treat by HBO(202.65 kpa,once every day,oxygen inhalation 60 min) and other therapies after operation.Result After HBO,the whole-body situations were obviously improved,liver functions were ameliorated,no new necrotic focuses were found,and the primary necrotic focuses were reduced or vanished.Conclusion HBO was an effective way to treat and prevent the artery complications after liver transplantation and protect the ischemic liver cells.

It remains an urgent need to develop effective malaria vaccine for global control of malaria.Application of high technologies such as biotechnology has facilitated the process of vaccine development for malaria.In the past 30 years,a large number of vaccine candidate antigens for malaria have been identified and some of them are currently in clinical trials.Major progress in malaria vaccine development has also been made in China.The PfCP-2.9 blood stage vaccine for malaria has entered clinical studies and some other vaccine candidates including combination malaria vaccine are currently in pre-clinical studies.The availability of various national research programs and international funding has stimulated laboratory and pre-clinical studies of malaria vaccine candidates.It remains a long-term goal to develop a safe and effective malaria vaccine to control and even eliminate the disease in the world,and many issues including malaria immunology and various types of technologies need to be addressed.However,efforts need to be continued toward the goal.

Objective To investigate and analyze the risk factors,morbidity and mortality rates of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after multiple trauma.Methods The clinical data of all 155 patients with multiple trauma admitted to our ICU from Sep 2008 to Jun 2011 were retrospectively analyzed,including treatment,injury severity score (ISS) and its relationship with MODS.Results The morbidity of MODS among all 155 patients was 18.7％ (29/155).There were 3,7 and 19 patients died due to multiple trauma in 39 ISS ＜ 16,58 ISS 16-25,and 58 ISS ≥25 cases respectively.The morbidity of MODS was significantly higher in patients with ISS ≥25 ( x2 =12.321,P =0.002) than in others.There were 15 cases with MODS and 28 cases without MODS died respectively in multiple trauma patients ( x2 =10.236,P =0.001 ).Conclusion MODS is the important reason for death in multiple trauma patients.It is pivotal to actively deal with primary trauma to avoid the second insult to the patients and support vital organs early in order to improve the prognosis of multiple trauma.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are two main factors in the progress of diabetic nephropathy(DN) and its complications. NF‐E2 p45‐related factor (Nrf2) is a crucial transcriptional factor which manipulates downstream genes that encode some antioxidant enzymes and phase Ⅱ detoxifying enzymes ,to maintain the redox homeostasis and cellular detoxification response. Therefore ,more and more researchers are focusing on the role of Nrf2 in DN. In this review ,the detailed role of Nrf2 in DN will be discussed. Hopefully ,our work can epitomize recent research progress and provide novel clues for diabetic nephropathy prevention and treatment.

Objective To explore the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with HLA-DRB1 in China. Method The reported articles about HLA-DRB1 RA in China were searched and Meta-analysis was performed. Result Fourteen studies enroll 1118 RA patients and 1301 controls, the associated gene was HLA-DR4 (OR=4.05, P

ve To explore the effectiveness of non-hazardous treatment of excreta on control of intestinal infectious diseases and parasitosis. Methods The popularization rate of sanitary latrines, the non-hazardous treatment rate of excreta, the prevalance rate of B-class intestinal infectious diseases and infectious rate of worm eggs were sta-tistically analyzed. Results With the increasing popularization rate of sanitary latrine and the non-hazardous treat-ment rate of excreta, the prevalance rates of 3 kinds of intestinal infectious diseases (dysentery, typhoid and hepatitis) decreased from 175.14/100 000 in 1991 to 57.78/100 000 in 2 000 namely decreased 67.01% . The infectious rates of helminth eggs decreased from 76.88% in 1991 to 22.16% in 2000 namely decreased 71.17%. Conclusion Non-hazardous treatment of excreta presented obvious effectiveness on disease prevention, which should be widely popularized in countryside.

Objective To study the prognostic factors of primary ureteral carcinoma,and to analyze the risk factors of the occurrence of subsequent bladder cancer. Methods This series included 160 cases of primary ureteral carcinoma (93 men and 67 women;mean age,63.7 years).Of them,81 cases had the tumors on the left and 79 on the right;the tumors were located at the upper and middle parts of the ureter in 51 cases,and at the lower part in 96.Pathological staging showed T a (9 cases),T 1(58),T 2(46),T 3(41) and T 4(6);the grading showed G 1(4),G 2(119) and G 3(37).All the 160 cases underwent surgery.Among them,renal and full length of ureter resection plus sleeve resection of bladder were performed on 124 cases (77.5%).All the cases were followed up and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The overall 5-year survival rate was 53.0%.The 5-year survival rates of T a,T 1 and T 2 cases (83.3%,71.9%,59.1%,respectively) were significantly higher than those of T 3 and T 4 cases (37.5% and 16.7%,P

Objective To analyse the X-ray characteristics of the intraductal papilloma and to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods The mammographic data of 80 cases of intraductal papilloma of breast by pathology were analysed.Results 24 cases showed circular filling defect, 12 cases showed stringy filling defect,ductal blocked in 30 cases, ductal dilation in 48 cases. Conclusion Galactography is a effective method for diagnosing intraductal papilloma of the breast.

AIM: To study the FT-IR fingerprinting characteristic of Huangjinju Powder Injection(HJJ)(Flos Trollii chinensis,Flos chrysanthemi indici,Flos Lonicerae Japonicae) and its effective constituents.METHODS: We adopt FT-IR and the second order derivative FT-IR,analysis by the related ratio,and then describe its mass characteristic by its crude drugs and the effective constituents. RESULTS: HJJ has fifteen peaks that are in turn,3735,2931,1664,1614,1450,1408,1360,1291,1191,1067,915,768,687,597 and 417 cm~(-1).Its special peak in the second order derivative is 1416 cm~(-1).The characteristics of the constituents of its crude drug that Flos Trollii Chinensis has 2926 and 1609 cm~(-1),Flos Chrysanthemi Indici has 1660 and 1609 cm~(-1) and Flos Lonicerae Japonicae has 767.The effective constituents that Baicalin owns 1664,1614,1450,1408,1067,915,768,687,597 and 417 cm~(-1),Orientin owns 2931,1614,1291 and 1191 cm~(-1),Vitexin owns 1614,1360,1067 and 597,Linarin owns 1450,1067 and 597 cm~(-1),Chlorogenic acid owns 1614,1291 and 1191 cm~(-1),Caffeic acid owns 1450 and 1360,and Hyperin owns 1360 and 1291. CONCLUSION: The effective constituents of FT-IR can be used in evaluating the mass of Huangjinju Powder Injection and reflect the key characteristic of its essence.It owns the obvious characteristics and specificity.