Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the axillary conservative surgery by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using preoperative lymphoscintigraph technique with 99mTc-SC and methylene blue in early-stage breast cancer patients. Methods The sentinel lymph node (SLN) of 187 patients were located with preoperative lymphoscintigraph technique with 99mTc-SC and labeled with methylene blue during the operations. The metastasis of SLN was detected using frozen section technique. There were 51 patients whose SLN were positive having been carried with modified radical mastectomy of breast cancer and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), 136 patients' SLN were negative,58 patients of those were carried with mammectomy or partial mastcctomy and ALND (group A),while 78 patients were carried out with mammectomy or partial mastectomy only (group B). The sentinel lymph nodes were detected with HE stain after surgery. All the patients were treated with chemotherapy,and the patients with partial mastcctomy must be treated with radiotherapy. There were 2 patients with micrometastasis in group B being treated with mammectomy or partial mastcctomy only,and carried out with ALND again. Results The number of cases with upper limb numbness, edema, dysfunction in group A were 36,8 and 45 cases, in group B were 2,0,0 case respectively. Group A compared with group B was increased significantly (P< 0.05). The number of local recurrence within 1, 3 and 5 years were 0,0,2 cases;lymphatic metastasis were 1,5,8 cases; the distant metastasis were 2,8,12 cases; the disease-free survival were 60,57,49 cases. In group B, the number of local recurrence within 1, 3 and 5 years were 0,0,6 cases, lymphatic metastasis were 3,8,12cases,the distant metastasis were 4,8,16 cases,the disease-free survival were 76,70,61 cases. There were not significant differences between the two groups(P> 0.05). Conclusion It is simple and accurate to carry out SLNB using preoperative lymphoscintigraph technique with 99mTc-SC combined with methylene blue,and the effect is reliable.

Objective To study the risk factors,methods of etiologic diagnosis and treatment of disunion of fracture due to delayed infection after the internal fixation. Methods The clinical data including bacterial tests, clinical manifestation and the administration of antibiotics , of 24 cases of disunion of fracture due to delayed infec-tion after the internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed. Results 22 strains of pathogenic bacteria were distin-guished with a detection rate of 91.67% in the 24 cases. 16 strains of these bacteria were gram-positive,and 6 gram-negative. The gram-positive ones were all sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The gram-negative ones were all sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. It was common for patients to take antibiotic after operation. Conclusion More infection is caused by gram-positive bacteria than by gram-negative ones. Antibiotic therapy based on the bacte-rial test is reasonable and necessary besides surgeries.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the curriculum setting of clinical pharmacy in higher institution of traditional Chinese medicine.METHODS:Questionnaire survey was applied to investigate the work of clinical pharmacy in hospital of traditional Chinese medicine in Jiangsu province.The problems of clinical pharmacy were analyzed to explore training target and curriculum system of clinical pharmacy major with characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.RESULTS:The curriculums of clinical pharmacy major in higher institution of traditional Chinese medicine were determined preliminary.CONCLUSION:Scientific and reasonable curriculum setting lay a strong foundation for the students to engage in the work of clinical pharmacy.

Objective To review the experience on screening,diagnosis and treatment for neonatal congenital hypothyroidism (CH)in Xuancheng City,Anhui Province.MethodsFrom Jan 2008 to Dec 2014,peripheral blood samples from the heel were collected among 83787 neonates and the blood samples were sent to the screening center to test the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).Neonates with abnormal level of TSH were admitted to our hospital for further TSH and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4 )tests. Neonates with CH diagnosis were given standard treatments of levothyroxine and their thyroid function, physical and intelligence development were evaluated on a routine basis.Results Among the 106 neonates with abnormal TSH level ,68 were diagnosed CH.The prevalence of CH in Xuancheng City was 0.8 ‰.All 68 patients with CH received levothyroxine treatment and 6 cases were lost during follow-up.44 patients received physical examination and their bone ages were normal. 53 patients received intelligence assessment.Only 1 of them was diagnosed of mental retardation, and 3 with suspicious mental retardation.Conclusion Neonatal screening is necessary for the early diagnosis and treatment of CH. Neonates with CH can have normal physical and mental development if they receive standard treatment as early as possible and followed up regularly.

Objective: To explore the effect of electro-acupuncture and musk injection on recovery of injured sciatic nerve function in rats, so as to provide the experimental evidences for the promotion of peripheral nerve regeneration by electro-acupuncture and musk injection.Methods: Following establishing rat model of sciatic nerve injury by operation, the rats were randomly divided into electro-acupuncture group, musk injection group, electro-acupuncture plus musk injection group and model group, then sciatic functional index (SFI) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were measured after 4 weeks of treatment, 8 weeks of treatment and 12 weeks of treatment respectively to evaluate recovery of nerve function. Results: SFI and MNCV in electro-acupuncture group, musk injection group and electro-acupuncture plus musk injection group were improved more obviously than that in model group, with significant differences(P＜0.01, P＜0.05). Conclusions: Both electro-acupuncture and musk injection could promote recovery of injured nerve function, and they had a certain synergetic effect and might be the effective methods in promoting recovery of injured peripheral nerve function.

Objective To identify a aldehyde dehydrogenases positive (ALDH+) cancer stem cell subpopulation in MCF-7 cells and to investigate the proliferation and differentiation characteristics of these cells in vitro.Methods ALDH+ breast cancer stem cells were isolated from MCF-7 cells by flow cytometry and the biological property of ALDH+ breast cancer stem cells were examined by scarification test,MTT,growth curvature and Transwell migration assay.Results The ratio of CD-/low24 CD+44 cells was about 1.4 ％ in MCF-7 cells.The ratio of ALDH+ CD-/low24CD+44 cells was about 1.2 ％.The growth curvature of ALDH+ breast cancer stem cells was almost the same with that of CD-/low24 CD+44 cells.The distance between cells was obviously shorter in both CD-/low24 CD+44 cells scarification zone and ALDH+ CD-/low24 CD+44 cells scarification zone.The migration ability of CD-/low24CD+44 cells and ALDH+ CD-/low24CD+44 cells was stronger than control group cells.There were migration ability differences between CD-/low24CD+44 cells and ALDH+ CD-/low24CD+44 cells.The results of Transwell experiments were in coincidence with above results.Lots of CD-/low24CD+44 cells and ALDH+ CD-/low24CD+44 cells were through the membrane.In MTT assay,absorbance values were 1.05±0.098,1.56±0.075 and 1.67±0.032.Conclusion CD--/low24CD+44 and ALDH+ CD-/low24CD+44 breast cancer stem cell subpopulation exist in MCF-7 cells.ALDH could potentially be used as a molecular marker to identify breast cancer stem cell subpopulation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on gene and protein expression of toll-like receptor, TLR2/4 of the rat alveolus macrophages so as to discuss the effect of MSCs transplantation on the early inflammatory mediators and the regulatory mechanism of the inflammatory cascade.MethodsThe alveolus macrophages were randomly divided into the PBS control group (n = 24), MSCs control group (n = 24), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) control group (n=24) and LPS + MSCs treatment group (n =24).All groups were taken time-points of 1, 3,6, 12 hours.Positive cell rate of MSCs with surface mark and the expression level of TLR2/4 protein on macrophage were detected by flow cytometry.The mRNA level of TLR2/4 expression on macrophage was detected by RT-PCR and the concentrations of TNF-o in cell culture supernatants by ELISA at the different time points.ResultsCompared with the PBS control group and MSCs control group, TLR2/4 mRNA and protein levels were significantly up-regulated, markedly increased at one hour and peaked at 12 hours (P ＜0.01) and the TNF-α concentrations in cell culture supernatants were significantly up-regulated and peaked at 6 hours in the LPS control group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the LPS control group, mRNA and protein level of TLR2/4 and TNF-o concentrations in the cell culture supernatants of the LPS + MSCs group were markedly down-regulated (P ＜ 0.01).ConclusionsWith LPS stimulation, TLR2/4 mRNA and protein expressions as well as TNF-αt concentration increase, when the peak of the TNF-αt concentration appears slightly earlier, indicating that there may be a positive feedback loop between TLR2/4 expression and TNF-ot.MSCs can significantly reduce TLR2/4 mRNA and protein expressions as well as TNF-α concentration after LPS stimulation, indicating that MSCs can break up the positive feedback loop.

The paper summarized the successful experience such as preliminarily establishing cultivation mechanism of manufacture-learning-research cooperation for postgraduates of science of Chinese pharmacology of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,ensuring innovation ability training for postgraduates,getting reasonable configuration for social education resources,and put forward existing problems in traditional Chinese medicine system,such as the loose management and faulty evalution system.Suggestion is to futher perfect relevant rules and regulations,clear and definite responsibility of school and enterprise,reserch regularly to impove ideological education of postgraduates,etc.In the way,we can achieve the aim of promoting high-level talents of traditional Chinese medicine industry.

Objective To investigate the whole genomic expression profiles of chronic atrophic gastritis with interleukin(IL)-1β-31CC/-511TT genotype as measured by oligonucleotide microarray technique.Methods Genomic RNA was extracted from gastric biopsies of 12 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis(6 with IL-1β-31CC/-511TT and 6 with IL-1β-31TT/-511CC).The genomic profiles of IL-1β gene polymorphisms 31CC/-511TT and 31TT/-511CC were compared and tested for differential expressed genes associated with 31CC/-511TT using Agilent human whole genomic oligonucleotide microarrays.The results were further analyzed in terms of gene ontology(GO).Results There were 200 differentially expressed genes associated with IL-1β-31CC/-511TT,159 of which were up-regulated and 41 were down-regulated.These genes mainly involved in macromolecule metabolic process,post-translational protein modification,ubiquitin cycle,and protein kinase cascade.Five genes had biological activities,one of which was down-regulated gene(PCSK5)and 4 were upregulated genes(PRKCA,NPLOC4,TRIB3 and MAPKAPK3).Conclusions The chronic atrophic gastritis with IL-1β-31CC/-511TT genotype has molecular phenotypes which is associated with malignance and inflammation.These individuals are needed more intensive preemptive treatment and dynamic surveillance.

Polyamidoamine-polyethylene glycol (PAMAM-PEG) copolymers were synthesized using IPDI as coupling reagent by two-step method. The copolymers were characterized by IR spectrum and 1H NMR spectrum, and the PEG conjugating ratios of the copolymers were calculated equal to 10% and 30% separately. MTT assay indicated that after PEGylation a lower cytotoxicity of the copolymers could be found, and with increasing PEG conjugating ratio the cytotoxicity decreased obviously. Agarose gel retardation assay demonstrated that PAMAM-PEG copolymers could be combined with DNA and PAMAM-PEG/DNA complexes were prepared by self-assembly. DLS measurement showed that when N/P > or = 50, the particle size of copolymer/ gene complexes was in a range of 150-200 nm, and the zeta potential was in a range of 10-25 mV. In vitro gene transfection illustrated that when N/P < or = 50, the gene transfection efficiency of PAMAM-PEG copolymers was a little less than that of PAMAM-G5, but the transfection efficiency can be raised by increasing N/P ratio or transfection time. Considering both cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency aspects PAMAM-PEG-13 was more effect than PAMAM-PEG-39 in PEGylation.