Objective To investigate the relationship between bacteria biofilm and bacterial culture in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Ninety patients with CRS were enrolled in the study. Five patients with deviation of nasal septum and 10 healthy subjects served as controls. Mucosa of uncinate process or near the ostium of the maxillary sinus was obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery. All specimens were processed for bacterial culture and scanned by electron microscopy. Pearson test was performed to analyze the relationship between the presence of bacterial biofilm and the results of bacteria culture. Results The scanning electron microscopy showed bacterial biofilms in 64 (71.1%) out of 90patients with CRS, while the positive rate of bacteria culture in the study group was 66.7% (60/90). No bacterial biofilm and bacterium was detected in the control group and 26 culture-negative individuals in study group. Pearson correlation analysis showed a statistically association between bacterial biofilm and bacterial culture in CRS ( r = 0. 901, P = 0. 000). Conclusion Positive results of bacteria culture are highly correlated with the presence of bacterial biofilm in CRS patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of low-dose and long-term clarithromycin in treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with positive bacterial biofilms.Methods Seventy-seven patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and positive bacterial biofilms underwent functional endoscopic sinusitis surgery between January 2008 and December 2009 in department of otolaryngology of Jinhua Central Hospital.Fortytwo patients were treated with clarithromycin 250 mg/d orally for at least 3 months (trial group).At the end of 3 months patients received endoscopic examination,for patients with mucosal epithelialization the clarithromycin therapy was stopped; for those with mucosal edema,granulation or polyoid formations the clarithromycin treatment was continued,but no longer than 5 months.Thirty-five patients in control group were not given clarithromycin.All patients were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and nasal endoscopic examination (Lund-kennedy score) 6 months after surgery,the results were compared between two groups.Results Two patients in the trial group did not complete the protocol.VAS score and Lundkennedy score in trial group were 8.0 ± 0.8 and 3.6 ± 1.3 at 6 month after surgery respectively,while those in the control group were 7.3 ± 0.7 and 4.5 ± 1.7,and the differences were of statistical significance (t =5.311 and-3.187,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Low-dose and long-term oral administration of clarithromycin has positive impact on the prognosis of bacterial biofilms positive patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective To observe the bacterial biofilm in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and to investigate the possible relationship between biofilm and clinical factors. MethodsSixtynine patients with CRS ( study group), 15 patients with nasal septum deviation and 10 patients with nasal bone fracture (control group) were enrolled in the study. Mucosa specimens of uncinate process or ethmoid near the ostium of the maxillary sinus were obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery. The specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. All patients were evaluated by questionnaire of chnical factors based on sino-nasal outcome test-20. SPSS 10. 0 was used for statistical analysis, and the relationship between bacterial biofilm and clinical factors was evaluated by Chi-square test. ResultsBacterial biofilms were found in 49 patients ( 71.0％ ) with CRS. A marked destruction of the epithelium and cilia was observed in all samples of study group. No bacterial biofilm was found in the control group, and scanning electron microscopy showed normal epithelium and cilia in those specimens. Chi-square test showed that bacterial biofilm was not associated with clinical factors (gender, staging, course, nasal obstruction, phlegm, nasal discharge with stinking smell, headache, bloody nasal discharge and olfactory degeneration) in CRS. ConclusionsBacterial biofilms and destruction of the epithelium and cilia can be obscrved in CRS patients, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRS, but the formation of bacterial biofilm is not correlated with the clinical factors in CRS.

Objective To identify the risk factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia associated nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (NLRTIs),and to investigate the drug resistance of Burkholderia cenocepacia strains.Methods A total of 138 patients with Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs and 40 patients with non-Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs were enrolled in the study.All patients were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University during January 2009 and December 2012.Clinical data and results of drug sensitivity tests were retrospectively reviewed.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs.Results Logistic regression analvsis showed that combination use of 2 or more antimicrobial agents,mechanical ventilation,stay in intensive care unit (ICU) for more than two weeks,use of antacid H2 antagonist and deep venous puncture were the independent risk factors of Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs (OR =6.315,5.957,5.254,4.585 and 2.017,P ＜0.05).Burkholderia cenocepacia strains were sensitive to levofloxacin,ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole; More than 40％ strains were resistant to cefotaxime,ceftriaxone,cefepime,aztreonam and tetracycline; And nearly 100％ strains were resistant to gentamicin,amikacin and tobramycin.Conclusion Burkholderia cenocepacia associated NLRTIs are more likely to occur in patients with combination use of 2 or more antimicrobial agents,mechanical ventilation,and those who stay in ICU for more than two weeks,or received antacid and deep venous punctures,and most Burkholderia cenocepacia strains are multiple drug resistant.

Objective To investigate the effects of electrocorticography(ECoG) monitoring in microsurgical treatment of intracranial cavernous hemangiomas(ICH).Methods Fifteen cases of ICH with secondary epilepsy were investigated from 2000 to 2005.They all had been performed ECoG monitoring during operation for determining the precise position and scope of focal epileptogenicity.Results Follow-up visit found 10 cases cured without drugs,4 cases total controlled with 1/4~1/3 quantity of premedicant,1 case had epileptic seizure by chance with drugs.Conclusion ECoG monitoring can provide the direction during the surgical procedure,and controls the postoperative epileptic seizure.

Objective To investigate the correlations of extracellular matrix and hepatic ultramicrostructural changes with clinical manifestations in patients with mild chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Patients with chronic HBV infections were enrolled and were divided into mild CHB group (n=66) and HBV carrier group (n=10).Serum samples were collected from patients, and serum HBV markers, HBV DNA load and liver fibrosis indexes were measured.All subjects received liver biopsy, and the tissue samples were observed by light microscope and electron microscope.T test and χ2 test were performed for measurement data and enumeration data, respectively.Spearman test was used for ranked data.Results The differences on ALT and AST levels between mild CHB group and HBV carrier group were significant (t=12.42, 7.06, P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference on HBV DNA load between two groups (t=0.24, P ＞ 0.05).Serum liver fibrosis indexes (hyaluronic acid, type Ⅲ collagen,type Ⅳ collagen and laminin protein) in mild CHB group were not significantly higher than those in HBV carrier group (t=0.45, 0.95, 0.76 and 1.21, P ＞0.05).In mild CHB group, there were 33 patients with ≥G2 and ≥S2, but in HBV carrier group were only 2 patients (χ2=4.17, P ＜ 0.05).Seventeen patients in mild CHB group were with S3-4, while that was not observed in HBV carrier group (χ2=4.75, P ＜0.05).In mild CHB group, hepatic ultramicrostrutural changes on fat storing cell, collagen protein and portal area were correlated with fibrosis grades, and the correlation coefficients were 0.351, 0.675 and 0.301, respectively (P=0.004, 0.000 and 0.014).Conclusion Electron microscope is of higher sensitivity than light microscope in observing hepatic ultramicrostructural changes, which is effective in evaluating the severity of mild CHB.

Objective To evaluate the preliminary clinical efficacy of bevacizumab for cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN). Methods Nineteen patients with CRN for whom the treatment with steroids and mannitol failed were retrospectively analyzed with a total of 22 lesions. Except for 5 lesions confirmed by pathological evidence, all lesions were confirmed by the following imaging evidence:1. computed tomography (CT)?or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?enhanced lesions showed loss of tension and were accompanied by substantial edema;2. CT?or MRI?enhanced lesions had a low perfusion pressure;3. magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the enhanced areas had a decreased choline peak; 4. positron emission tomography showed that the fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was substantially reduced in the enhanced areas. All patients were given 5 mg/ kg bevacizumab at an interval of 14 days for 2?6 cycles. MRI examination was performed in each cycle before treatment, and the enhanced lesions on T1?weighted images ( T1 WI) and edema on T2?weighted images (T2 WI) were compared before and after treatment. The clinical symptoms, Karnofsky Performance Status ( KPS), and adverse reactions in all patients were evaluated. Comparison before and after treatment was performed by paired t test. Results All 19 patients completed the treatment successfully and there were no severe adverse reactions. The clinical symptoms of patients were substantially improved after the second cycle of treatment, and the KPS score increased by 26?? 8 on average. The visible volume of enhanced lesions on MRI T1 WI was significantly reduced by 54?? 8% after treatment (P= 0?? 000), while the visible volume of edema on MRI T2 WI was reduced by 80?? 7% after treatment (P= 0?? 000). The follow?up time ranged from 3 to 12 months with a mean value of 5?? 6 months. Eleven patients kept clinical improvement in CRN, four patients had recurrence, and four patients died from tumor progression. Conclusions Bevacizumab is preliminarily confirmed to substantially improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life in patients with CRN.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) combined with bevacizumab for brain metastases in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe clinical data of 95 patients with brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed, including 36 patients treated with SRT and bevacizumab (bevacizumab group) and 59 patients treated with SRT, corticosteroids, and mannitol (traditional drug group).The tumor response rate, peritumoral edema control rate, improvement in Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, and adverse reactions were analyzed.Results Compared with the traditional drug group, the bevacizumab group had significantly higher tumor response rate (P=0.033) and peritumoral edema control rate (P=0.000) at 1-4 weeks after treatment, as well as an obvious improvement in KPS score and reduced doses of corticosteroids and mannitol.In addition, the adverse reactions in the bevacizumab group were mild and controllable.Conclusions SRT combined with bevacizumab for brain metastases in patients with lung adenocarcinoma can achieve higher short-term tumor response rate and peritumoral edema control rate and improve patients' quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo explore the presence of bacterial biofilms (BF) in patients with CRS and the effect of BF on clinical symptoms and postoperative outcomes.

METHODSSeventy-two patients with chronic sinusitis were enrolled in this study. The control group included 15 patients with deviation of the nasal septum and 10 patients had a fracture of the nasal bone. Mucosa of the uncinate process or ethmoid near the ostium of the maxillary sinus was obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery. The specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Patients were followed for 1 year and observed by the Lund-Kennedy endoscopy, and the Haikou standard classification (ESS-1997). Statistical analysis was performed by t-test or chi-square test.

RESULTSThree patients were lost to follow-up. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed bacterial biofilms in 49 of the 69 patients with chronic sinusitis. A marked destruction of the epithelium and cilia was observed in samples positive for bacterial biofilms. No bacterial biofilms were detected in the control group, and scanning electron microscopy showed normal epithelium and cilia in those specimens. There was no significant difference in gender, classification or duration of disease between the BF(-) and BF(+) groups. At six months and one year postoperative, the Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scores for CRS patients with BF (4.78 +/- 1.67; 4.55 +/- 1.61) were significantly higher than those without BF (3.65 +/- 1.39; 3.65 +/- 1.18) (t = -2.654, P < 0.01; t = -2.264, P < 0.05). Based on the Haikou standard classification, there was a significantly difference between patients with BF and those without BF (chi2 = 18.014, 22.063, P < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSDifferent life stages of bacterial biofilms were demonstrated to be present in CRS. Gender, classification or duration of disease did not affect the presence of bacterial biofilms in patients with CRS. There is a correlation between bacterial biofilms and an unfavorable outcome in patients with CRS after ESS.

Adult ; Biofilms ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Mucosa ; microbiology ; Nasal Polyps ; microbiology ; Rhinitis ; microbiology ; Sinusitis ; microbiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the degrees on the epidemic foci of Angiostronglus cantonensis and to explore the measurement methods.

METHODSSnails (Pila gigas) were collected from the spots of Wenzhou, Cangnan, Yongjia, Yueqing in Zhejiang province and Minhou, Changle, Ningde in Fujian province. The snails were examined microscopically in order to calculate their infection rates and the average worm number in the positive snails, then taking the product of multiplication of both values as infestation index.

RESULTSThe infection rates of the epidemic foci were 10.59% (9/85), 60.74% (181/298), 34.96% (79/226), 32.90% (76/231), 57.50% (184/320), 40.00% (82/205), 17.65% (12/68) and the rates of infectivity were 6.57, 183.54, 121.73, 93.45, 276.36, 76.08, 12.65, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe epidemic foci were divided into five ranks (super, high, mid-range, low and non-epidemic foci) according to the value of infestation index which ranked from > 75, 30-75, 5-29, < 5 to 0.

Angiostrongylus ; pathogenicity ; Animals ; China ; Disease Outbreaks ; Snails ; parasitology ; Strongylida Infections ; epidemiology