Collective preparation for classes is a very effective teaching activity.It can maximize teaching effects,practically raise teacher's teaching enthusiasm for the course and improve teaching quality.Moderator of collective class preparation should be well familiar with the teaching program and content,dig into teaching material,look up for relative information,draw up standard original text then lead and organize whole preparation process for classes from the aspects of introducing teaching objective and content,analyzing teaching material,discussing the new content and progress,analyzing the relative excises,exploring the teaching methods and proposing the questions for discussion.

Objective To observe the effect of acupoint sticking plus cervical plexus block anesthesia on post-operative pain in patients undergone subtotal thyroidectomy.Method Sixty patients who were going to receive unilateral subtotal thyroidectomy were randomized into group A and group B, 30 cases in each group. Group A was intervened by acupoint sticking plus cervical plexus block anesthesia, while group B was by cervical plexus block anesthesia alone. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores under static and swallowing condition were recorded at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after the operation. Tramadol hydrochloride tablets were given to help cease pain when static incision VAS>3, and the total dose and adverse reactions in 48 h after the operation were recorded.Result There were no significant differences in comparing the VAS scores at static and swallowing status between the two groups at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after the operation (P>0.05). The total dose of Tramadol hydrochloride tablets used in 48 h after the operation was (110±55)mg in group A, versus (210±48)mg in group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in comparing the occurrence rate of adverse events in 48 h after the operation between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupoint sticking plus cervical plexus block anesthesia can effectively alleviate the pain after subtotal thyroidectomy, reduce the use of analgesics in 48 h after the operation, and lower the occurrence rate of post-operative adverse events.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging of routine MRI,including dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI)and diffusion weighed imaging(DWI)in diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods The results of routine MRI (morphology,boundary and,edge and Internal enhancement),DCE-MRI (1,2,3 minutes early enhanced rate and TIC curve)and DWI (b=500,800 s/mm2 )were analyzed in 43 cases of malignant breast lesions and 54 benign lesions,with pathology results asthe gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and Kappa value had been respectively gained,and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results The specificity of edge (burr sign) was 96.3%,the sensitivity and specificity of TIC curve,ADC values (b=500,800 s/mm2 )were respectively 97.67%,83.33%,81.4%, 90.74%,88.37%,92.59%.Edge (burr sign)and ADC values (b=800 s/mm2 )had a statistic difference in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions (P<0.05),TIC curve had a significant statistic difference (P<0.01).Conclusion Edge (burr sign),TIC curve,ADC values (b=800 s/mm2 )had excellent diagnostic efficiency in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions.

Objective:To discuss the influence and curative effect of bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets on serum substance P ( SP) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY) levels in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS) . Methods: Totally 84 cases of patients with IBS were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group at random. The patients in the two groups were both given the medical treatment, such as diet adjustment, malntenance of water and electrolyte acid-base balance, administration of gastro-intestinal antispasmodic and antidiarrheal agents. The patients in the observation group were additionally given 0. 15g bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets per time, three times a day for 8 weeks. The changes of serum SP and NPY levels in the two groups before and after the treatment were observed, and the clinical curative effect and adverse drug reaction ( ADR) were compared. Results:After the 8-week medical treatment, the serum SP level in the two groups was obviously declined than that before the treatment, while the NPY lev-el was obviously ralsed than that before the treatment (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), and the declining or increase in the observation group was much higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). Meanwhile, the total clinical efficiency in the observation group was 95. 24%, which was much higher than that in the control group (78. 57%, P<0. 05). After comparing the occurrence of ADR be-tween the two groups, no statistical differences were appeared (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets show reli-able curative effect on IBS with high security, and the curative effect has close relationship with inhibiting the release of SP, enhancing the release of NPY, adjusting the excitement of braln gut axis and inhibiting the imbalance of braln gut petide in the patients with IBS.

The core of the ethical and legal issues in the treatment and recovery of patients with mental disorders is the balance between public security and individual interests. In the treatment and recovery of patients with mental disorders, it is imperative to adhere to the principles of respecting basic hmnan rights and respecting the freedom, dignity, equality and rights of the individual, protect the privacy of the patient, stick to the combination of hospital recovery and community recovery, and strictly define the boundary between willing treatment and unwilling treatment. The aim is to promote the recovery and return of patients to society. At the same time, it is necessary to put issues of mental hygiene in China on the demestic legislative agenda and set up a specialized multi-level legal system of mental hygiene.

The authors first give a detailed account of the background against which humanistic medicine came into being and then expound the connotations of humanistic medicine. These include the following aspects. The first one is humanism and the humanistic spirit. The second one is humanistic medicine and the three implications it embodies. The authors argue that humanistic medicine, taken as the science of benevolence, ought to regard the patient as the unity of three aspects, physiological, psychological and social. The third one is medical humanity, viz. medical humanity is indispensable to the advancement from physiological medicine to humanistic medicine. As to what disciplines are involved in medical humanity, no final conclusion has yet been reached on this matter so far.

Objective To investigate the nursing intervention and efficacy of docetaxel combined with pirarubicin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Methods In our hospital from January 2014 to February 2015 were selected from the patients with advanced breast cancer in 94 cases as the research object, the single and double number (hospital admission order) of the selected patients with advanced breast cancer were randomly divided into study group and control group, 41 cases in each group. 2 groups of patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with docetaxel combined with pirarubicin, the control group was given routine nursing services, and the study group was given comprehensive nursing intervention measures on the basis of routine care. Results Of the 2 groups of patients with advanced breast cancer nursing after different nursing measures the same drug plan, after the study group, the total efficiency of treatment in the method [please explain what is near total efficiency] (82.98%) was significantly better than the control group (61.70%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the study group the nursing service satisfaction was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion With the combination of docetaxel and pirarubicin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer patients, comprehensive nursing measures can achieve better clinical efficacy and benefit the maintenance of good relationship between nurses and patients.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Lithospermum anti-inflammatory tablets.Methods Houttuynia,diffusa and grass coral in the prescription were qualitative identified by Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC) method.Results TLC spot features clear and specific.Conclusion The established standard can be used for quality control of Lithospermum anti-inflammatory tablets.

Objective To evaluate the association between air pollution and daily cardiovascular mortality in Beijing. Methods The daily death data, the meteorological data and the air pollution data from January 1 to December 31, 2003 were collected, the time-series analysis by generalized additive model was used, controlling for long-term trends, seasonal patterns and meteorological variables (temperature, humidity). Results An increase of 10 ?g/m3 of SO2, NO2 and PM10 corresponded to 0.4%(0.1%-0.8%), 1.3%(0.2%-2.4%)and 0.4%(0.2%-0.6%)increase of cardiovascular mortality respectively in Beijing. Conclusion The results of the present paper show that the current level of air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in Beijing.

The effect of CHIP [cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-isopropy-lamine platinum (Ⅳ)] on the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, and pro-tein of Ehrilch ascites carcinoma ( EAC ) cells in vitro was studied. 3H-TdR, 3H-UR, 3H-Leu were used as precursors of cellular macro-molecules to study the effect of CHIP on the biosynthesis,with CDDP [cis-dichlorodiammineplatitinum (Ⅱ)] as a positive control. The experimental results showed that CHIP, similar to CDDP, inhibited the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and protein, and has a strong antitumor activity. The inhibitory effect on DNA biosynthesis lasted 40 hours indicating that CHIP might induce permanent damage in DNA template and thus reduced the mitotic division of tumor cells. Furthermore, in contrast to the general view, the in vitro experimental results showed that CHIP, a tetravalent platinum coordination compound, exerted its antitumor activity directly in vitro.