OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of sodium butyrate on spatial learning and memory ability in chronic stress model rats. METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into control group(normal saline),model group(normal saline)and sodium bu-tyrate low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups (50,100,200 mg/kg) with 14 rats in each group. Model group and sodium butyrate groups received plantar stimulation by electric shock for 21 d,once a day,2 h each time,to induce chronic stress model. They were given relevant medicine ip 0.5 h before stimulation. Morris water maze test was adopted to test spatial learning and mem-ory ability of rats (using escape latency as index,for consecutive 5 d). Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of acH3,acH4,cAMP,p-CREB and BDNF in hippocampus. RESULTS:Compared with control group,escape latency of model group and sodium butyrate groups prolonged significantly on the second day (P<0.05),and the expression of acH3,acH4, p-CREB and BDNF decreased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,escape latency of sodium butyrate groups shortened,espe-cially in high-dose group(there was statistical significance on the second day of test)(P<0.05);the expression of acH3,acH4, p-CREB,and BDNF enhanced (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Sodium butyrate can improve chronic stress-induced the decrease of spatial learning and memory ability,the mechanism of which may be recovering histone acetylation level of chronic stress rat hippo-campus,and increasing cognitive related proteins such as p-CREB and BDNF.

Objective To observe the effects of SOD ,NO ,TNF‐αand hs‐CRP on atherosclerosis in the patients with hyperten‐sion complicating diabetes mellitus (DM ) .Methods One hundred and thirty‐four inpatients in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2016 were selected ,including 45 cases of hypertension ,44 cases of type 2 diabetes Mellitus(T2DM ) and 45 cases of hyper‐tension complicating T2DM .IMT and serum SOD ,NO ,TNF‐α and hs‐CRP levels were detected .Contemporaneous 45 individuals undergoing healthy physical examination were selected as the healthy control group for conducting the contrastve analysis . Results The SOD and NO levels in the hypertension complicating T 2DM group were significantly lower thin the healthy control group ,hypertension group and T2DM group ,the difference had statistical significance (P<0 .05) .The levels of SOD ,NO ,TNF‐α, hs‐CRP and IMT had no statistical significance between the hypertension group and T 2DM group(P>0 .05) .IMT was positively correlated with TNF‐αand hs‐CRP(r=0 .636 ,0 .664 ,P< 0 .05)and negatively correlated with NO and SOD (r= -0 .586 ,0 .648 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion Evaluating the change of SOD ,NO and TNF‐αand hs‐CRP levels can further investigate its occurrence mechanism and also has certain significance to the prevention and treatment of vascular injury chronic diseases such as hypertension and TM .

Reviewing the theory of chaos in the field of nonlinear dynamics, this paper summarized theory of chaos and its applications in medical signal processing including electroencephalogram(EEG) signal?electrocardiogram(ECG) signal?electromyogram(EMG) signal, etc. The foreground is reviewed to advance the study and application of nonlinear dynamics theory in biomedical engineering.

Objective:To evaluate the profile esthetics of children with skeletal class Ⅲ malocclusion treated with micro-implant.Methods:20 patients (12 boys and 8girls) aged 11-13 years were treated by micro-implant and maxillary protraction for 8 to 10 months.The profile esthetic indexes were measured on pre-and post-treatment cephalometric radiography.Results:The esthetic of the patients were remarkably improved after treatment.The factors that influence the esthetic index of children were the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla,the mandible and the thickness of soft tissue.The results were stable 1 year after treatment.Conclusion:Maxillary protraction by micro-implant can improve the profile esthetic of children with Class Ⅲ malocclusion,correct over-bite and over-jet.

Bibliographic database of TCM periodicals was used as data source and hand-foot-mouth disease was used as subject for searching. Based on periodicals resource of hand-foot-mouth disease in this database, we analyzed the current situation of preventing and treating hand-foot-mouth disease by bibliometrics method, providing references for scientific studies.

Objective To discuss the relationship between pulse pressure and blood uric acid and the effect of simvastatin on pulse pressure and blood uric acid in aged primary hypertension (PH) patients with normal cholesterol.Methods Eighty-five patients with PH were divided into two groups randomly,routine group (using drugs only to lower blood pressure) and simvastatin group (simvastatin was added).Six months later,blood uric acid and pulse pressure was measured again.Results With the development of hypertension,there was statistical difference on pulse pressure and blood uric acid between hypertension grade 3 and grade 1 or grade 2 (P < 0.05).With the increase of pulse pressure,the trend of blood uric acid increase was distinct,and blood uric acid level was positively related with pulse pressure by correlation analyses(r = 0.87,P< 0.05).The pulse pressure and blood uric acid was decreased after treatment compared with that before treatment in simvastatin group (P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference before and dter treatment in routine group (P >0.05).There was significant difference after treatment between two groups (P< 0.05).Conclusions With the increasing of pulse pressure,there is a significant raise in blood uric acid.Blood uric acid is positively related with pulse pressure by correlation analyses.Simvastatin is a drug used to lower cholesterol,and it could also be used to reduce pulse pressure and blood uric acid in aged PH patients with normal cholesterol.

Through all times and around the world,those who discipline themselves with high ethical standards can be regarded as truly noble men successfully taking advantage of moral authority of the people.Books on the art of war in ancient China raised a couple of ethical requirements for those superior military officers and governors.If officers want to affect his men′s mental state and generate the army′s spirit of combat effectiveness,they must assume a certain degree of ethical responsibility.Also,active share of ethical responsibility calls to take the initiative to develop a sense of ethical responsibility.Furthermore,to develop a sense of ethical responsibility calls for the building of ethical self-consciousness to participate in the training of ethical responsibility.However,the participation of ethical building consciousness can not be separated from the ethical sense of responsibility.In conclusion,each part of the three links,complementing each other,can not be biased and separated.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2013.06.022

Background Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) is the main treatment for corneal endothelial dysfunction.But the visual outcome after operation varies depending on the difference of corneal diseases.Objective This study was to evaluate and compare the visual outcomes following DSAEK in different keratopathy.Methods The clinical data of 72 eyes of 67 patients with endothelial dysfunction underwent DSAEK from December 2007 to December 2009 at Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) group (22 eyes of 19 cases),cataract surgeryinduced bullous keratopathy group (37 eyes of 36 eases) and other endothelial keratopathy group (12 eyes of 12 cases).The distribution of visual acuity and LogMAR acuities were compared and evaluation among the 3 groups before operation and 1 day,3,7,30,90 and 180 days after operation.Results Preoperatively,the vision was lower than 0.1 in 71.83％ patients,and all the patients had the visual acuity less than 0.3.No significant difference was found in the preoperative acuity among the FED group,cataract surgery-induced bullous keratopathy group and other endothelial keratopathy group(x2 =3.427,P＞0.05).The visual acuity was ≥ 0.4 in 40 eyes (56.34％) and ≥ 0.1 in 65 eyes (91.55％),and the percentage of vision ≥0.8 was 22.73％ in the FED group,10.81％ in the cataract surgery-induced bullous keratopathy group and 8.33％ in the other endothelial keratopathy group,and no significant difference was found in the percentage of eyes in different visual acuities 180 days after operation (x2 =0.330,P＞ 0.05).In the 3 groups,LogMAR values were gradually decreased with the lapse of the time,showing a significant difference (Ftime =88.000,P ＜ 0.01).In the seventh day after operation,LogMAR value was 1.29 ± 0.57 in the cataract surgery-induced bullous keratopathy group,which was significantly higher than that of the FED group (0.82± 0.43) or other endothelial keratopathy group (0.91 ±0.39) (both at P＜0.05).Ninety days after operation,LogMAR value was 0.40 ±0.28 in the FED group and was significantly declined in comparison with the cataract surgeryinduced bullous keratopathy group (0.64±0.44) and other endothelial keratopathy group (0.73±0.54) (both at P＜0.05).However,no significant differences was seen in the LogMAR values among the three groups 180 days after operation (all at P＞0.05).The vision was stable 3 months after operation in the FED group,however,the vision was still changed over 3 months in the cataract surgery-induced bullous keratopathy group and other endothelial keratopathy group.Conclusions DSAEK is available for corneal endothelial diseases.Visual acuity improves more rapid in FED patients than other keratopathies.

By analyzing the current ineffective condition of college English teaching,the article puts forward practical measures in terms of purpose of English learning,classroom teaching,and the creation of after class language environment,aiming to promote the efficiency of college English teaching.