The paper described the specific measures and results of postoperative complications reporting system, including reporting coverage, methods, deadline, data management, supervision and feedback. In addition, it introduced results of the practice and the positive impact on quality of care and safety management. Based on these, the authors proposed further improvements of the system for the purposes of constant improvement of care and higher medical safety.

Objective To investigate the influence of parental compliance on the therapeutic effect of children with epilepsy.Methods Two hundred and sixty children with epilepsy and their parents admitted to the First People's Hospital of Wenling from December 2013 to June 2016 were enrolled,and the classical Morisky medication adherence questionnaire (MMAS-8) was applied to evaluate the compliance of parents for treatment of their children with epilepsy;after the patient taking drug for 3 days,fasting venous blood was collected in the morning,the concentration of the blood drug was tested and the influence of parent compliance on the blood drug concentration of the child with epilepsy was evaluated.Results In 260 patients,122 cases took karma form,and 138 cases took valproate orally.There were parents with good medication compliance in 130 cases (50％),medium medication compliance 80 cases (30.76％) and poor adherence to the doctor order in 50 cases (19.23％).In cases using medication irregularly,there were 26 cases sometimes without taking any drug (10.0％),17 patients' medication being interrupted (6.54％) and 10 cases having excessive medication (3.85％);no relationships were found between parental compliance and each of the following items,family role,occupation and age (all P ＞ 0.05);and the compliance was related to gender,indicating that women's good compliance level was higher than that of males';the education level was positively proportional to the compliance,and the compliance of parents with senior high school or above degree was higher than those with primary school and junior secondary school levels (83 cases vs.9 cases,38 cases,both P ＜ 0.01).Under situation of parents with poor compliance,their children had blood drug concentration higher or lower than proper range of drug level (high in 22 cases,low in 41 cases,higher than the result in good compliance 0 cases and 17 cases respectively),thus seriously affected the safety and efficacy of the treatment;the patients' frequency of irregular medication in parents' good compliance group was significantly lower than that in parents' poor compliance group [3.08％ (4/130) vs.72.0％ (36/50),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion To improve the therapeutic effect of epileptic children,their parental good cooperation is necessary.

Abstract: Transfection of Plasmodium falciparum is helpful to study the function of its genes, such as drug resistance. However, transgenic manipulation has been very challenging, mainly due to the high A/T base sequence structure (A+T content of about 82%) and low transfection efficiency of the Plasmodium genome. Electroporation-based transfection of Plasmodium falciparum has been successfully applied in the study of certain genes, and electroporation by preloading is currently the preferred method for introducing foreign DNA into Plasmodium falciparum. The site-directed editing of Plasmodium genes mostly adopts the method of two-plasmid transfection. It is generally believed that successful transfection of Plasmodium requires a large amount of high-purity plasmid DNA and an accurate transfection system. In addition to the evaluation of the current commonly used electrotransfection methods, this paper also introduces a new transfection method, namely lyse-reseal erythrocytes for transfection (LyRET). This paper also review the role of factors such as plasmid DNA concentration, the use of transfection reagents, the setting of transfection parameters, the addition of fresh red blood cells, and the markers of successful transfection in improving the success rate and efficiency of Plasmodium transfection, in the hope of providing a reference for study in this field.

BACKGROUNDThrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that plays a crucial role in hemostasis following tissue injury. In addition to its procoagulation effect, thrombin is also a potent mesenchymal cell mitogen, therefore it plays important roles in the local proliferation of mesenchymal cells in the tissue repair process. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce some human cells to proliferate at lower rates while at higher concentrations they promote cells to undergo apoptosis or necrosis. Accumulative evidence suggests that thrombin can induce some cells to produce ROS. Based on these observations, we provide a hypothesis that thrombin can stimulate human lung fibroblasts to produce ROS, which play an important role in human lung fibroblast proliferation.

METHODSROS were detected in fibroblasts at 30 minutes and 60 minutes following thrombin (20 U/ml) exposure using flow cytometry. The ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) was assayed in lung fibroblasts using a commercial kit following treatment with thrombin at different concentrations. NADPH oxidase and the extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway were detected by Western blotting after thrombin stimulation to lung fibroblasts.

RESULTSThrombin, at 20 U/ml, stimulated human lung fibroblasts (HLF) to generate ROS in a time dependent manner. The ratio of GSH/GSSG in fibroblasts treated with thrombin showed a significant decrease. NADPH oxidase was activated and the ERK1/2 signal pathway was involved in the proliferation process of fibroblasts treated with thrombin.

CONCLUSIONThe activation of NADPH oxidase by thrombin leads to the production of ROS, which promotes fibroblasts proliferation via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; analysis ; physiology ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; physiology ; Flow Cytometry ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; NADPH Oxidases ; analysis ; physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; Thrombin ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the factors associated with severe hand-food-mouth disease (HFMD) case in Shanghai.Methods A total of 105 severe HFMD cases diagnosed from May to July,2011 in Shanghai were enrolled as case group while another 210 mild HFMD cases were randomly selected as control group in the same period.All subject' s parents or babysitters were asked to fill in the questionnaire in which including demography,ways of babysitting,behavior and the like.All HFMD cases were diagnosed by both clinical symptom and nuclear acid testing.Data was processed by EpiData (V3.0) and analyzed by SPSS (V17.0).Results Factors as age,gender,Diaspora pattern,migrant,size of house,numbers of family member,numbers of children,frequency of seeing doctor,dishware that sharing with babysitter,food chewed by babysitter,dirty hand,EV71 virus type and diagnosis on HFMD in the fist visit to hospital were found associated with severe HFMD by univariate analysis.Results through multivariate logistic regression showed that factors including:being the only male kid,more than 3 children in the family,dirty hands,unable to be diagnosed as HFMD in the first visit to the hospital,visiting doctor during the past 6 months for 2 and 3 times etc.could be kept in the model with statistical threshold of 0.05.Adjusted ORs and confidence intervals of them were 2.431 ( 1.317-4.487),2.661 (1.332-5.315),3.403 ( 1.871-6.191 ),6.607 (3.011-14.500),2.431 ( 1.111-5.321 ),2.628 ( 1.137-6.071 ) respectively.Being Infected by EV71 was also found a very important risk factor compared with CoxA16 or other enteroviruses,and its adjusted OR was 5.614 (2.409-13.082).Conclusion It was necessary to implement molecular diagnosis for identifying the virus type of HFMD,together with improvement on the capacity of clinical diagnosis in order to diagnose the HFMD cases earlier.More attention should be paid to these HFMD cases with EV71 infection as well as prompting frequent visits to hospitals on those families with more children.

Objective To explore the relationship between the values of total tumor perfusion parameters in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and tumor volume and peritumoral perfusion parameters,and analyze its correlation with liver ChildPugh classification.Methods Forty-seven patients with primary liver cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to January 2015 were selected to perform 320 row volume CT perfusion imaging.The parameters of hepatic artery perfusion(HAP),portal vein perfusion(PVP) and hepatic perfusion index(HAPI) in tumor and peritumoral liver tissues were calculated based on total tumor measurement.The relationship between tumor perfusion parameters and ChildPugh classification of liver function,tumor volume and total tumor perfusion parameters,total tumor perfusion parameters and peritumoral perfusion parameters were analyzed.Results There was no correlation between tumor volume and total tumor perfusion parameters,peritumoral perfusion parameters (P ＞ 0.05),and there was no correlation between total tumor perfusion parameters and peritumoral perfusion parameters(P ＞0.05).There were significant differences between HAP,PVP and HAP of total tumor perfusion in different liver Child-Pugh classifications(P ＜ 0.05).With the increase of Child-Pugh classification of liver function,the HAP and HAPI of tumor gradually increased while PVP gradually decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is no correlation between tumor volume,total tumor perfusion parameters and peritumoral perfusion parameters.There is also no correlation between total tumor perfusion parameters and peritumoral perfusion parameters.There are significant differences in perfusion parameters between different Child-Pugh classifications of liver function,and the perfusion parameters obtained by the total tumor measurement can be used as the imaging indexes to reflect liver reserve function.

BACKGROUNDHereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders with the shared characteristics of slowly progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Thirteen loci for autosomal dominant HSP have been mapped.

METHODSA Chinese family with HSP was found in the Shandong province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and genomic DNA of all 19 family members was isolated. After exclusion of known autosomal dominant loci, a genome wide scan and linkage analysis were performed.

RESULTSThe known autosomal dominant loci of SPG3A, SPG4, SPG6, SPG8, SPG9, SPG10, SPG12, SPG13, SPG17, SPG19, SPG29, SPG31 and SPG33 were excluded by linkage analysis. The results of a genome wide scan demonstrated candidate linkage to a locus on chromosome 11p14.1-p11.2, over an 18.88 cM interval between markers D11S1324 and D11S1933. A maximal, two point LOD score of 2.36 for marker D11S935 at a recombination fraction (theta) of 0 and a multipoint LOD score of 2.36 for markers D11S1776, D11S1751, D11S1392, D11S4203, D11S935, D11S4083, and D11S4148 at theta=0, suggest linkage to this locus.

CONCLUSIONThe HSP neuropathy in this family may represent a novel genetic entity, which will facilitate discovery of this causative gene.

Adult ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Female ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary ; genetics

OBJECTIVEThrough questionnaire and screening, epidemiology of syphilis in pregnant women and related risk factors were studied, to develop effective policy and reducing the negative impact of the disease.

METHODSAll pregnant women who appeared at the hospitals the first time, were included, in Shenzhen city. Tolulized Red Unheated Serum Test (TRUST) method was used for primary screening and positive results were confirmed by the Treponema Pallidum Particle Agglutination (TPPA) test at the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SZCDC). Positive patients were informed and treated and the pregnancies were managed accordingly at the SZCDC.

RESULTSFrom 2003-2005, 418,871 (94.7%) pregnant were screened. Epidemiological and treatment data were collected from 2019 positive cases of infectious syphilis (0.48%). Among them, 94.2% were between 20 and 35 years old, with 93.6% of them had only junior high school education and 63.4% of them worked as commercial services or jobless which was significantly higher than other occupations (OR = 8.628). 89.5% of them were from other cities, significantly higher than from local residents (OR = 8.733). Gestational weeks at original diagnosis was longer and the infection rate higher.

CONCLUSIONThe infection rate of syphilis in Shenzhen was still at a high level which was related to occupation, education level, place of residency, gestational weeks at first diagnosis etc. Further screening measures and early intervention were important.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Syphilis ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cellular immune regulation of the long-term intervention of moxa smoke.

METHODSThirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a low concentration group, a medium concentration group and a high concentration group, 8 cases in each group. In addition to the blank group, rats in the other groups were exposed to the corresponding concentration moxa smoke for 20 min every day, the T lymphocyte subsets and proportion of the CD4+ CD25+ Treg in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood were tested by flow cytometry after 6 months.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, the proportions of CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ T cells and CD3+ CD4/CD3+ CD8+ in the other 3 moxa smoke groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05), while the proportions of the CD4+ CD25+ Treg in CD4+ T cells were significantly lower (P < 0.05), but no statistically significant differences among those 3 moxa smoke intervention groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLong-term moxa smoke intervention has no significant effect on the proportions of CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ T cells and CD3+ CD4+/CD3+ CD8+, but it can decrease the proportions of the CD4+ CD25+ Treg in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood of rats. The way produced by pretreatment with moxa smoke may play immunomodulatory effect.

Animals ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Smoke ; analysis ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; immunology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo establish a novel suspension microarray technology for the detection of three kinds of veterinary drug residues: chloramphenicol, clenbuterol and 17-beta-estradiol (CAP, CL and E2).

METHODSThe three conjugates that veterinary drug coupled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were synthesized and identified by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry and mass spectrum. The veterinary drug conjugates were immobilized on the polystyrene fluorescent microspheres/beads. There were competitive reactions between the veterinary drugs in the aqueous phase and that on the beads for combination with their specific biotinylated monoclonal antibodies. The optimum amount of the veterinary drug conjugates and the antibodies were optimized and selected. The detective standard curves were plotted. The specificity and the unknown samples were also determined by grouping according to different concentrations of the interferes and the samples. Meantime, the different microstructures of the surfaces of the beads were also observed by scanning electron microscope.

RESULTSCouplings were completed between small molecular veterinary drugs and BSA. The amounts of the three conjugates and the antibodies were optimized. The detective standard curves of the suspension array and their corresponding coefficients of determination (R2) were good (R2 > 0.99). The detection ranges of the three veterinary drugs were (40.00 - 6.25) x 10(5) ng/L, (50.00-7.81) x 10(5) ng/L and 1.00 x 10(3) - 7.29 x 10(5) ng/L respectively. Simultaneously, the specific detection of the suspension microarray was excellent and did not indicate significant cross-reactions. Errors between the found and the real are in the range of 8.09% - 17.03%. It can be considered that the relative standard deviations were relatively small. Successful couplings were also directly confirmed by the observation for microstructures of the surfaces of the beads by scanning of electron microscope and laid good foundation for the following responses.

CONCLUSIONThe high-throughput suspension microarray should provide a novel method for multi-analysis of the veterinary drugs and have a wide applicative prospects with simple operation, sensitive, rapid and low cost.

Chloramphenicol ; analysis ; Clenbuterol ; analysis ; Drug Residues ; analysis ; Estradiol ; analysis ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Veterinary Drugs ; analysis