Prevalence rate of congenital cleft lip and palate is different among countries, approximately 0.87-1.03 per 1000 live births. Several studies conducted in our country showed 1 per 1314 live births in 2005 ( Ariuntuul.G et al.), 1 per 1072 live births in 2012 (Ayanga et al.). According to the published review, children with cleft lip and palate are more prone to dental caries compared to the healthy group. The loss of oral physiological function such as eating, breathing, chewing eventually results loss of oral self-cleansing process in children with cleft lip and palate. Aim:To evaluate the oral status in children with cleft lip and palate. Our cross sectional study included 70 children with a congenital cleft lip and palate, aged 2-16 years, who admitted to the Department of Maxillofacial surgery, National Center of Maternal and Child Health. All participants had an oral examination performed by one dentist in a dental office, used only single-use instruments. Incidence of dental caries was determined by WHO method, bleeding from gum and gingivitis was reported along with the CPI, oral hygiene status was determined by the Green Vermillion index. 59% of participants were girls and 41% were boys. Prevalence rate of dental caries in children with cleft lip and palate was 100% during each occlusion period, but intensity of the dental caries was 10.2±4.8 cs/t (SN) in a primary bite, 9.1±3.9 in a mixed bite and 7.7±2.7 in a permanent bite period, respectively. Incidence of gingivitis was 100% in a primary bite period. Prevalence rate of dental caries was 100% among 2-16 year-old children with congenital cleft lip and palate. Dental caries intensity rate among children with congenital cleft lip and palate was significantly higher (6.5) compared to the WHO’ s dental caries intensity rate. Compared to healthy children, incidence of gingivitis was higher, and oral hygiene status was poorer in children with congenital cleft lip and palate, which could have increased the risk of periodontitis and dental caries among these children.

BACKGROUNDThe study was based on the reason that skills, attitude and knowledge of the nurses who are working in healthcare organizations do not satisfy customers and to assess undergraduate nursing curriculum.METHOD306 nurses and specialist are involved. Nursing curriculums of Vermont University of USA, Yonsei University of Korea, National College of Nursing, Japan and Ulaanbaatar University of Mongolia are compared and studied with our curriculum.RESULTStudy shows that curriculum contents of School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences have comparatively less contents of understanding about healthy person, assessment on human, giving advice healthy human, path anatomy, physiology, communication skills.CONCLUSION42% of participants assessed their knowledge at the low level. Curriculum credits of School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences is 142, comparatively much more than other schools shows that the need of innovation to the curriculum of nursing bachelor degree.

Introduction: Due to social transition and change of many societal activities in Mongolia, there is an increasing need for pharmaceutical drugs to treat anxiety, stress, fatigue and insomnia. It is considered that medicinal plants used in traditional medicine as sedatives, anti-anxiety and anti-depressive activities could be effective. Our study focuses on exploring optimal methods for preparing tinctures from Paeonia L. genus species, a sedative in Mongolian traditional medicine, and studying their phytochemical compositions. Materials and methods: Root and herb of Paeonia anomala L., grown in Mogod soum in Bulgan province, were used for the study.
Prepared herb and root were chopped and sieved into 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm sizes. Then from each size of two samples, a set was created with a 1:1 ratio. Finally 40 % ethanol (1:10 ratio with a set) was applied to prepare tincture through a traditional maceration method. The obtained tincture was analyzed for its color, quantity of biologically active compounds, dry residue, and absorption coefficient using an optimal particle size of samples, volume of the extractive liquid and tincture yield.
Tincture from the set of herb and root of Paeonia anomala L. was prepared using 3 methods, namely, by the traditional maceration; intensified maceration using the ultrasonic bath processing with 45 kHz at an ambient temperature; constant shaking in a heat of 30o-40oC. Conclusion The more optimal and effective method for preparing tincture from Paeonia anomala L. has been found to be the ultrasonic bath processing with 45 kHz for 6 h at an ambient temperature. Crude drug mixture of 2 mm sizes with 40% ethanol (where volume absorption coefficient was accounted to be 2.8) was mixed at a ratio of 1:10. In the obtained tincture, total phenols were determined as 0.58±0.003% in gallic acid equivalent and total monoterpene glycosides as 1.96±0.002% in paeoniflorin, which were the highest compared to other methods, indicating the method is the more optimal one.

Introduction: It is important to standardize a tincture prepared from the herb and root of Paeonia anomala L, which is widely used as a sedative in traditional medicine, based on the results of the studies its chemical composition, biological and pharmacological activities. Moreover, there is a need to carry out a quantitative stability testing in order to establish the ability to maintain quality under certain storage condition, shelf-life and to develop suitable packaging information. Materials and methods: Standardization parameters of prepared Paeonia anomala tincture have been evaluated according to WHO guidelines for the determination of crude drug material, plant preparations and finished products technical parameters, along with the Mongolian National Pharma- copoeian (MNP) and Russian XIV Pharmacopoeian methods for tincture. The color of a tincture, dry residue, special density, alcohol content, and microbiological content were determined according to the methods described in MNP. A qualitative analysis of biological active constituents has been evaluated by thin-layer chromatography, the total phenolic compounds were determined by the reaction with Folin Chicalteu reagent and total monoterpene glycosides by the reaction with hydroxylamine in alkaline solution and ferric (III) chloride following spectrophotometric examination, respectively.
The stability testing study was performed according to the “General requirements for the stability testing study of drug-active compounds” MNS-6439-2014 using the real-time methods for the standardization parameters of the tincture. Conclusions The standardized parameters of tincture prepared from the herb and root of Paeonia anomala L. were approved by the National Reference Laboratory for Food Safety analysis. Consequently, the Mongolian pharmacopoeian article on Paeonia anomala tincture was officially permitted under the number ҮФӨ-0327-2017.
The stability study of tincture was carried out according to the MNS-6439-2014 by real-time tests for 24 months which provided that the changes in tincture quality were within the permitted limits. Consequently, it can conclude that the storage condition and shelf-time of Paeonia anomala tincture are 2 years under not above 25°С.

Introduction: The development of analytical methods for evaluation of quality standard parameters of drugs and other health prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic products is essential from the beginning in the process to release to the market finished product. Validation of developed analytical methods is one crucial part of the analysis.
Quantitative determination methods of the total main active compounds of the tincture prepared from the root and the herb of Paeonia anomala L. were developed. In order to verify whether the analytical procedure is suitable for its intended purpose parameters – accuracy, reproducibility, intermediate precision, and linearity were validated. Materials and methods: The total phenolics in the tincture were determined by the reaction with Folin Chicolteau reagent and total monoterpene glycosides by the reaction with hydroxylamine in alkaline solution and ferric (III) chloride following spectrophotometric examination, respectively. Based on the achieved results of the developed quantitative methods which were validated according to the accepted and pursued technical documents in our country the Eurachem guide “The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods” and Russian Pharmacopoeia 13 “Validation of analytical methodology”, where parameters as accuracy, precision – reproducibility, intermediate precision, and linearity are involved. Conclusions Statistical analysis of total phenolic compounds and total monoterpene glycosides in the Paeonia anomala tincture demonstrated that the bias calculated was for accuracy 0.674% and 0.703%, relative standard deviations were for reproducibility 0.896% and 0.798%, for inter- mediate precision 0.922% and 0.696%, respectively and the linearity – R²=0.9985 and R²=0.9997. All achieved results validated the appropriateness of the developed quantitative methods for the intended purpose.

Prevalence rate of congenital cleft lip and palate is different among countries, approximately 0.87-1.03 per 1000 live births. Several studies conducted in our country showed 1 per 1314 live births in 2005 ( Ariuntuul.G et al.), 1 per 1072 live births in 2012 (Ayanga et al.). According to the published review, children with cleft lip and palate are more prone to dental caries compared to the healthy group. The loss of oral physiological function such as eating, breathing, chewing eventually results loss of oral self-cleansing process in children with cleft lip and palate. Aim:To evaluate the oral status in children with cleft lip and palate. Our cross sectional study included 70 children with a congenital cleft lip and palate, aged 2-16 years, who admitted to the Department of Maxillofacial surgery, National Center of Maternal and Child Health. All participants had an oral examination performed by one dentist in a dental office, used only single-use instruments. Incidence of dental caries was determined by WHO method, bleeding from gum and gingivitis was reported along with the CPI, oral hygiene status was determined by the Green Vermillion index. 59% of participants were girls and 41% were boys. Prevalence rate of dental caries in children with cleft lip and palate was 100% during each occlusion period, but intensity of the dental caries was 10.2±4.8 cs/t (SN) in a primary bite, 9.1±3.9 in a mixed bite and 7.7±2.7 in a permanent bite period, respectively. Incidence of gingivitis was 100% in a primary bite period. Prevalence rate of dental caries was 100% among 2-16 year-old children with congenital cleft lip and palate. Dental caries intensity rate among children with congenital cleft lip and palate was significantly higher (6.5) compared to the WHO’ s dental caries intensity rate. Compared to healthy children, incidence of gingivitis was higher, and oral hygiene status was poorer in children with congenital cleft lip and palate, which could have increased the risk of periodontitis and dental caries among these children.

Background. The main target of this research paper on “Some issues relating to the family healthcenter, family doctors care and health services” is for the young doctors, and specifically family doctorsand to help their daily work routine. This paper focused on giving analyses on the principle of somescholars research paper about the general structure of family health center, and its practical activities.There are many issues related to social medical service, an example is the basic health service fromthe family health center. There must a model or classic form for providing medical service at the statefamily health center, general medical center and the first care of medical center. This research paperalso proposed a number of current issues in order to improve the quality, such as family health centerand its management structure.Goal. The reference of this paper is to define family health center service and financial management,based on the research survey. Moreover, it concludes the idea of improving and refreshing the healthsector from the smallest branch and implementing health care marketing in the public. This researchpaper contains followings: the structure of family health center, health insurance, medical service costper person in the family, training for family health center doctor and nurse, the history of family healthcenter origin and its development, home visit service, foreign countries experience on this sector, andthe system to simplifying II, III level medical service etc.Materials and Methods. In our country Mo.Shagdarsuren has changed section hospitals into familyhealth hospital who is doctor, one of the famous manager of health protection who is firstly managed cityUlaanbaatar to committee and district. In early 1990s doctor Ts.Mukhar organized control system of familyhealth in some sub cities who helps people to get better health program. He organized small hospitalitysystems of each sub cities and moved kids doctors to family health system. Since its establishment,the system was rapidly extending throughout the country. Researches for changing the management ofFamily Health Center (Udval.D, Bat Ochir.D) and for the future development of family hospital (Mukhar.Ts, Orgil.B) are proven to be useful in practical environment.Result. The importance of this advisory article is considering in improving the Family Health Careservice sufficiency and its quality coordinating with the writings or publications written by ourcountryfamous scientists. Health Sector reformation strategy and other materials to clarify the importanceprimary health care importance of the family health care and its doctors and it is necessary to hire thebest and most experienced doctors and social health figure in hospital primary service in modernsociety.Conclusion. In conclusion, the scholars believe that in this society, the doctors who are the best, mostexperienced, well- educated on general and family health center service, and trained well, work fromtheir bottom of heart, number of accident, and disease rate will gradually decrease. Therefore, thefacilities of the health center must be improved such as providing proper workplace with well equippedmedical facilities and medical diagnosing cameras etc.Additionally, known as “The left hand of a physician“ in other words, there is a high demand to preparewell educated, professionally independent and knowledgeable nurses for the family health center

BACKGROUND The study was based on the facts that high patient satisfaction and good health indicators are common in countries where quality of nursing care and organization has reached high level and skill level of these professionals is the main factor for the improvement of health care service quality. OBJECTIVE Evaluate practical skill levels of nurses who are responsible for pre- and post-operative care in the National First Central Hospital (NFCH). METHOD Using cross-sectional design, we have conducted 120 questions questionnaire, which was developed by Canadian Nursing Association and Kwantlen Polytechnic University in 2008, to determine 4 levels of skill (never done – did independently) among 41 nurses who work in the Department of Surgery of NFCH. Data was analyzed using social studies statistics software SPSS 21. RESULT Average age and average work years of the 41 nurses who work in the Department of Surgery were 29.9±8.6 and 7.7±9.1, respectively. In terms of specialty, 4 were anesthesiology and intensive care nurse (9.8%) and 17 were surgical nurse (41.5%) while almost half of them (20, 48.8%) did not have specialty certification. During the evaluation of practical skill levels of participants in regards to pre- and post-operative care, for checking readiness of respiratory apparatus, there were 9 (22%) nurses who had never done it, 11 (27%) nurses who did it with assistance, 9 (22%) nurses who did it under guidance, and 12 (29%) nurses who did it independently, for checking neurologic function, there were 4 (11%) nurses who had never done it, 3 (7%) nurses who did it with assistance, 7 (17%) nurses who did it under guidance, and 27 (65%) nurses who did it independently, for operation wound care, there were 5 (12%) nurses who had never done it, 2 (5%) nurses who did it with assistance, 11 (27%) nurses who did it under guidance, and 23 (56%) nurses who did it independently, for using nasal and tracheal intubation, there were 10 (24%) nurses who had never done it, 4 (10%) nurses who did it with assistance, 10 (24%) nurses who did it under guidance, and 17 (42%) nurses who did it independently. There was correlation between average work years and skill level (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Varying skill levels (never done it 17.25%, with assistance 12.25%, under guidance 22.5%, and independently 48%) of surgical nurses who are responsible for pre- and post-operative care show that there is a need for improving practical skills of nurses in the Department of Surgery of NFCH.

Background: Blood is an important resource, both for planned treatments and urgent interventions. It can help patients suffering from life-threatening conditions live longer and with a higher quality of life, and supports complex medical and surgical procedures. According to WHO recommendation at least 1% of the population of any country needs to donate their blood to accommodate the basic clinical needs of the country. Accordingly, we aimed to assess existing attitudes of the general population towards on blood donors. Materials and Methods: The survey identified attitude of the population on blood donation and factors influencing them, using quantitative and qualitative methods. The survey covered a population aged 18-60 years. SPSS software version 21 was used for data analysis of the survey. The survey protocol and methodology were reviewed and approved by the Scientific Committee at the NCPH. The Medical Ethical Committee at the MOH reviewed the survey materials and issued an approval (2015/3). Results: The survey covered in total 3,782 people and there are 59.2% of surveyed respondents said they have never thought of becoming a voluntary blood donor. Positive attitude on blood donation is higher with statistical significance among women (59.0%), 18-25 years old (43.7%) and UB residents citizens with higher education. As education level increases the number of respondents who thought about donating blood is also increases. 16.1% of them had a history of blood donation before and 38.2% said they never thought about it. Twenty point four percent of respondents thought blood donation brings some kind of risk. Nevertheless of the education level of surveyed respondents, the percentage of answer blood donation is not risky for a person was the most common answer. But respondent who is only literal and uneducated were don’t know about whether it has a risk or not (385.37=2א, p=0.000001). Also, respondents failed to donate their blood because the family not allowed, afraid, risk of infection, doesn’t want and had a busy schedule. Conclusion There is a high tendency to donate blood populations of young people aged 20-29, women, residents of Ulaanbaatar, and uneducated and highly educated. The majority of respondents agreed that blood donating is charity and a good deed. The leading causes of blood donation is the education, gender, the desire of doing a good deed, peer influence and health condition.

The purpose of the present study was to elucidate genealogical and clinical features of hereditary neuropathy in the several kindreds of Gobi-Altai province.Materials and Methods: In the present study, we investigated five kindreds originated from Bayan-Uul sum, Gobi-Altai province on the basis of previous surveys. Each participant was enrolled for genealogical and neurological examinations according to specific questionnaire. We also collected biological samples for further genetic study. Genomic DNA was isolated from biological samples, and quantitative analysis of DNA was determined by spectrophotometer and Picogreen assays.Results: Twenty members from five kindreds were investigated. Genealogical analysis revealed that there is a linkage between two kindreds within the families enrolled into study, whereas no association was revealed among the other pedigrees. As a phenotype of the hereditary neuropathy, the clinical features were inherited in every generation, and the inheritance was not dependent on the gender. In neurological examination, age of hereditary neuropathy onset was detected as follows. The clinical features appeared in the first decade of life in 4 patients, in the second decade of life in 5 patients, and for the other members the disease started in the age of over 20 years. Common clinical features of hereditary neuropathy were characterized by hypomimic- and mask shape face, muscular atrophy of upper and lower limbs, and pes cavus. Interestingly five female patients had similar gynecological problems. Conclusions:1. The hereditary neuropathy exists in the kindreds of Bayan-Uul sum, Gobi-Altai province and the type of inheritance could be categorized as autosomal dominant.2. Onset of hereditary neuropathy disease was started mostly in the second decade of life. Common clinical features of hereditary neuropathy were characterized by hypomimic- and mask shape face, muscular atrophy of upper and lower limbs, and pes cavus. Apart from general clinical features, the specific complications related to metabolic disorders and pregnancy was detected.