Background: Silybum marianum, as well as known milk thistle, has long been recognized for its hepatoprotective effects, primarily attributed to its active flavonolignan complex, silymarin (an extract from water hyacinth fruit). While the pharmacological effects of silymarin have been studied, research on bioactive peptides derived from Silybum marianum remains limited. Aim: To evaluate the toxicity effects of silybum marianum peptides Marerials and Method: This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity of Silybum marianum peptide in mice through a 14-day oral administration experiment. Twenty adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: the experimental group received 200 mg/kg of Silybum marianum peptide daily, while the control group received an equivalent volume of saline solution. Physiological and biochemical parameters, including body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, liver and spleen wet weights, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity, were assessed to determine potential toxic effects. This exploration aims to shed light on the toxicological effects of silybum marianum peptide in mice, providing insights into its potential benefits and challenges. Results: Results indicated no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of body weight, blood glucose levels, or major organ wet weights. Additionally, ALT enzyme activity remained unaffected, suggesting no detectable liver toxicity. Throughout the study, no abnormal behaviors, physical changes, or mortality were observed in the test subjects. Mice in both the silybum marianum peptide and control groups exhibited shiny and soft fur, normal activity, and regular food consumption. These findings indicate that Silybum marianum peptide exhibits good safety and low biological toxicity under the tested conditions, supporting its potential use as a safe dietary supplement or therapeutic agent. Conclusion At the designated dosage, silybum marianum peptide demonstrated good safety and low biological toxicity.

Background: The shapes of the eye and upper eyelid are distinctive facial landmarks. The palpebral fissure is composed of the free edges of upper and lower eyelids the lateral and medial canthus. Many researchers confirmed that the morphometric characteristics of the palpebral fissure, canthal distance and exophthalmometirc value (EV) vary according to race, ethnicity, age and sex and normative values which may serve as a reference in the index population. Knowledge of normal dimensions, the existence of asymmetry of the palpebral fissure is of value in several clinical specialties including ophthalmology, plastic and reconstructive surgery and traumatology, where it plays a part in the patient evaluation, management and outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Ophthalmological Department, Third State Central Hospital between January 2022 and August 2022. We included participants who are above 18 years, no history of congenital or traumatic craniofacial deformities, any orbital fractures, tumors and surgeries. All measured values that represent eyelid shape and EV were calculated by mean and standard deviation for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 103 participants aged 19-86 were included in the study, of which 44 (42.7%) were male and 59 (57.3%) were female. The distance between the lateral and medial canthus ranged from 20 to 35 mm, and the mean of the right and left side was 28.30+3.23 mm and 28.05+2.99 mm, respectively (p=0.561). The palpebral fissure height ranged from 5 to 13 mm, and the mean of the right and left side was 8.85+1.65 mm and 8.80+1.65 mm, respectively (p=0.816). The mean distance between the lateral canthi were 90.39+5.57 (range: 80-105 mm), whereas the mean distance between the medial canthi were 63.75+4.25 (range: 53-73 mm). The orbital height varied between 27-43 mm (33.73+3.72) and 26-44 mm (33.78+3.73) on the right and left sides, while the orbital width varied between 26-47 mm (36.75+4.53) and 27-45 mm (36.72+4.42) on the right and left sides, respectively. When measuring the exophthalmometric value (EV), the axial position of the eyeball, with the Hertel’s exophthalmometer, it ranged from 8 to 20 mm on both sides (mean value 13.68+3.01 and 13.71+3.00 on the right and left sides, respectively), and there was no statistically significant difference in symmetry (p=0.94). Conclusion The results are determined different from the findings of Chinese, Korean, Afro-American and Caucasian population based studies. Thus further evaluation is required to represent the normative value of Mongolian index population, that is highly beneficial for clinical assessment, diagnosis and management.