1.Results of chemical analysis of food products and meals provided by school lunch program in secondary schools
Ulziiburen Ch ; Enkhjargal Ts ; Purevjav M ; Enkhmyagmar D ; Oyundelger D ; Tuvshinbayar D ; Nyamragchaa Ch
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2013;163(1):73-79
Introduction
In recent years it has been observed epidemiological transition in the world population’s morbidity and mortality causes, indicating a shift from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases. In 2012, cardiovascular diseases alone accounts for 30 per cent of all deaths in the world. In Mongolia, non-communicable diseases are growing steadily and becoming the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of population. According to the Global School-based Student Health Survey-Mongolia 2010, overall, 19.3 per cent of school children had 4 or more nutritional risk factors of NCD and 8,3 per cent of students were overweight and 0,8 per cent were obese. Above mentioned study shows that, the prevention of NCD should be started from childhood, improving the consumption of fruits and vegetables for school snack and lunch is important in the prevention of NCD among school children. The study is aimed at determination of types, consumption and chemical composition of food products
and meals provided in school snack program.
Scope and methods of investigation
The investigation was performed in Ulaanbaatar and Tuv aimag. Under the our investigation included a totally 14 school canteens of Ulaanbaatar and Tuv aimag. Consumption of Food products was investigated using the Food Consumption Questionnaire method. All managers of school canteens interviewed by well-trained researchers using the time from 20 to 30 min for each of them. Food samples were obtained, keeping in cool boxes, transported to the Public Health Central Laboratory of National Center of Public Health, Mongolia. Chemical composition of food and snack samples were investigated according to the related standard methods for determination of protein, fat, carbohydrates, Vitamin C, Calcium.
Results
Consumption of vegetables and local fruits for school snack and meal was not enough for prevention of NCD among school children. Use of milk and milk products for school snacks and lunch were obtained only 1-3 times during the 10 days, which is too poor consumption. According to the results of chemical analysis, 83.4 per cent of all food samples had calories less than 340 kcal, which is the required value of calories of school snack per one student. With regard to protein level 50 per cent of samples had 2.57-7.7grams of protein, which is lower than the recommended level of 10-12 gr. Fat level of samples were ranged between 7.2-1.97 grams and 95.5 per cent of samples had lower fat content compared to the recommended value of 9.0 grams. When 68.7 per cent of samples had 4.5-38.03 grams of carbohydrates, which is lower than the recommended amount, some 4.5 per cent of samples had higher carbohydrates compared to the recommendation. Amount of vitamin C in school snack was extremely lower than the recommended amount that vitamin C was found between 0.02-2.31mg, satisfying only 10 per cent of the national recommendation of vitamin C amount for school snack. Amount of Calcium in milk products of school snack and meals was also low than recommended level.
2.Estimated glomerular filtration rate in alcohol use disorder people
Khorolgarav A ; Narantsatsral D ; Oyundelger M ; Zoljargal S ; Oyunchimeg D ; Erdenebat N
Diagnosis 2025;112(1):5-9
Background:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate serum creatinine as a marker of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in alcohol use disorder people, and to determine correlation between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and eGFR in chronic kidney disease classification level.
Methods:
In this study, 118 people were examined 2024. We measured serum creatinine based GFR using the Cockroft Gault formula. Biochemical analysis and serum creatinine were evaluated using a fully automatic analyzer (GOLSITE, China). Statistical results were analyzed SPSS.
Result:
The mean subject age was 48.6±10.3, BMI 25.3±3.7 and male: female ratio was 5:1. Mean arterial pressure was 104±12.8 mmHg, eGFR 94±28 ml/ min/1.73m2, and mean arterial pressure was significantly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (P<0.05) and no difference between male and female recipients. Mean eGFR was calculated into 4 groups of 10-year intervals, that eGFR was decreased significantly with age groups. For the alcohol dependence stages of the Michigan Test, the mean eGFR was stage 1 is 112 ml/min/1.73m2, stage 2 is 89 ml/min/1.73m2, stage 3 is 97 ml/min/1.73m2 and there is not statistically significant correlation between Michigan test scores and eGFR.
Conclusion
According to our research, one of the optimal methods for assessing kidney function is the creatinine-based CKD calculation method, and long-term excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for CKD, as well as one of the main causes of death due to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
3.Evaluation of some changes in liver function in patients with alcohol use disorder
Udmaral B ; Byambajargal D ; Pagmadulam B ; Oyundelger M ; Zoljargal S ; Oyunchimeg D ; Erdenebat N
Diagnosis 2025;112(1):75-79
Background:
To evaluate changes in liver function in patients with alcohol use disorder and propose preventive measures.
Methods:
In this study, 118 people were examined between January 2024 to December 2024. Results were analyzed SPSS.
Result:
The mean subject age was 48.6± 10.3 years, male: female ratio was 5:1. Mean arterial pressure was 104±12.8 mmHg, ALT 86.7 ± 93.8 (U/L), AST 89.3±82.8 (U/L), GGT 213.8±252.3 (U/L). A statistically
significant correlation was found between AST and ALT levels (R² = 0.562). However, no significant correlation was observed between body mass index (BMI) and blood glucose levels (R² = 0.002). The AST/ALT ratio was also statistically significant (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion
Excessive alcohol consumption increases the levels of liver enzymes AST 89.3 ± 82.8 (U/L), ALT 86.7
± 93.8 (U/L), and GGT 213.8 ± 252.3 (U/L), leading to increased liver cell damage. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce alcohol consumption and implement preventive measures.
4.Unhealthy food consumption and prevalence of overweight and obesity of school children aged 6-11 years old
Bolormaa N ; Tuul B ; Batjargal J ; Enkhtungalag B ; Bayasgalan J ; Oyundelger D ; Tuvshinbayar B ; Davaasuren M ; Ganbolor D
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2020;194(4):38-45
Background :
Overweight and obesity are conditions of over nutrition resulting from consumption of more calories
than the body requires leading to excess body fat accumulation. The prevalence of both overweight
and obesity is increasing globally in all age groups in high, middle, and low-income countries and is
largely attributed to the “nutrition transition” with a shift from traditional diets to readily available and
inexpensive, low-nutrient unhealthy foods high in energy [1].
The move away from traditional to “junk” foods often occurs at the same time as the move of populations
away from daily physical activity and increase in sedentary activities such as time spent in front of a
phone, computer, or television, furthering increasing the risk of becoming overweight. People who
are overweight or obese are at higher risk for serious health problems including hypertension, heart
disease, stroke, diabetes, some cancers, and osteoarthritis. The increase in overweight and obesity
is accompanied by a dramatic increase in prevalence of above mentioned chronic conditions in the
worldwide. While the long-term repercussions of overweight and obesity are severe, they are largely
preventable and treatable through healthy diets and healthy lifestyle behaviors [2].
Materials and Methods:
The fifth National nutrition survey (NNSV) was implemented in 21 provinces (aimags) in 4 socio-economic regions (Central, Eastern, Khangai, and Western) and the capital city of Ulaanbaatar. Given
the regional differences in dietary patterns and nutrition status, target populations were stratified into
5 strata based on 4 regions and Ulaanbaatar with equal samples drawn from each stratum using a
cluster-randomized sampling design. In total, 1750 school children data on demographic and dietary
information collected by interview methods and anthropometric measurement results were used in
this study.
Ethical considerations:
The survey protocol was discussed at the Scientific Committee of the Public Health Institute (recently
named by National Center for Public Health) and granted by order of director of Scientific committee
of PHI on 28th June, 2016. Ethical approval for conducting the NNS V was obtained from the Medical
Ethics Committee under the Ministry of Health of Mongolia on July 7, 2016. Participation in the survey
was voluntary, oral and written informed consent were obtained from adult caregivers of each children.
Results:
Consumption of unhealthy or junk (high-calorie, low-nutrient) foods in the past week was nearly
universal (99.0%) among school children 6-11 years of age. Over half of children (51.4%) consumed
junk foods at least once per week and 45.7% consumed junk foods a few times a week. Consumption
of sugar-sweetened beverages was high with 80.9% of children consuming these at least once in the
past week. Overall consumption of fried foods was lower than consumption of junk foods or sugar-sweetened beverages with 22.7% of children not consuming any fried foods in the past week and only
8.5% of children consuming fried foods a few times per week. Consumption of sweet foods was high
with nearly all children having consumed sweet foods in the past week, 45.9% of children 6-11 years
having consumed sweet foods a few times per week.
The prevalence of overweight (BMI > +1 SD) was 22.2% and prevalence of obesity (BMI > +2 SD)
was 6.4%. Overweight prevalence was higher in boys (26.6%) compared to girls (17.8%) and in
urban (23.9%) compared to rural (17.6%) areas with the highest prevalence in Ulaanbaatar (25.6%)
compared to other regions. Children 6 years old (26.1%) and 7 years old (25.6%) had a higher
prevalence of overweight than older children.
Conclusion
1. Consumption of unhealthy foods and drinks is common to 6-11 year olds group, with almost all
children (99.2%) consuming any type of unhealthy foods and drinks at least once per week, in
particular, 8 out of 10 children were found consuming sugary drinks and/or deep fried food.
2. The consumption of unhealthy foods was not differing by child’s sex, there were revealed
significant differences between living area and regions. Proportion of the school children 6-11
years of age was relatively higher in Ulaanbaatar city and urban settings.
3. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children aged 6-11years sharply increased
from 2010 NNS IV level and reached 22.2% and 6.4%, respectively. Among children with obesity
consumption of any unhealthy foods and sugary drinks were 1.4–1.9 times higher than nonobese children, respectively.
5.The results of acute exacerbation of chronic C hepatitis among Mongolian adults with B-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Myagmarjav B ; Delgerbat B ; Khishigjargal B ; Myadagsuren S ; Oyundelger N ; Altankhuu M ; Erdenetsogt D ; Dahgwahdorj Ya ; Davaadorj D ; Naranjargal D
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2019;189(3):16-21
Background:
Chemotherapy-related acute exacerbation or hepatitis flares related to HCV positive B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL) is one of the significant clinical issues
Material and Method:
We studied anti-HCV incidences among patients newly diagnosed with B-NHL, from 2015 to 2018. Survey data were collecting from medical history, electronic medical record system of First Central Hospital
was acquired and collected according to the research ethics (approved by Ethics Committee of Ministry
of Health, No.4 on June 19, 2017). Also, cases of chemotherapy-related acute exacerbation (AE) for
HCV-RNA positive cases were studied. Student’s t-test or nonparametric statistics were utilized to test
for statistically significant differences in continuous variables, whereas the chi-square or Fisher’s exact
test was used for categorical variables. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
The study showed that 39.5% of 233 cases with B-NHL are anti-HCV positive. Anti-HCV positive prevalence among B-NHL subjects was significantly higher compared to the general population. Chemotherapy-related AE occurred in 21.05% for the anti-HCV positive group and 36.36% for HCV-RNA positive group. Furthermore, before chemotherapy alanine aminotransferase (ALT) median was 15.2 for the group without AE, whereas it was 48.2 for the group with AE (p<0.01).
Conclusions
Our study showed that the prevalence of anti-HCV positive among B-NHL patients was significantly
higher than the general population prevalence. For all cases of AE, HCV-RNA was positive, and these
patients were treated with only chemotherapy without any anti-viral treatment. Anti-viral therapy needs to
be introduced urgently to prevent AE since liver fibrosis is aggravated quickly after AE.