The results of studies on heavy metal and bacterial contamination in Ulaanbaatar since 1990 have beensummed up in this abstract. In the recent years, soil pollution has increased due to rising number ofpopulation, especially in ger districts, factories and services in Ulaanbaatar. According to some surveys,pollution indicators of lead, arsenic and bacterial contamination in soil have exceedednationalstandardlevel.

The genus Iris belongs to the family Iridaceae and comprises of over 300 species and fifteen species of genus Iris are found in Mongolia. Iris has long history of use in various indigenous systems of medicine as alternative aperients, stimulant, cathartic, diuretic, gall bladder diseases, liver complaints, dropsy, purification of blood, venereal infections, fever and bilious infections and for a variety of heart diseases. Rhizomes of Iris are rich source of secondary metabolites and most of these metabolites are reported to possess anticancer, antiplasmodial, anticholinesterase, enzyme inhibitor and immunomodulatory properties. Approximately more than two hundred compounds have been reported from the genus Iris, which includes flavones, isoflavones, glycocides, benzoquinones, triterpinoids, stilbene glycosides and organic acids. In this article, we reviewed the published results of phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some Iris species which are grown in Mongolia.

Varieties of plants and lyophilized bovine bile have been used for increase secretion of bile in traditional systems of medicine of various countries. Following many articles note on the benefi cial effects of lyophilized bovine bile particularly on the wound healing and gastric protection effects, there is paucity of reports in literature on its effects on a bile secretion, a bile bilirubin, bile cholesterol and a plasma cholesterol levels. Sillichol contains lyophilizedbovine bile, liver hydrolisate, yarrow extract and silymarin. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of bile fl ow, bile bilirubin concentration bile cholesterol level and hepatoprotective of Sillichol. Sixteen adult male wistar rats (weighing between 200-250 gr) were used in the study. They were randomly assigned into control and sillichol group comprising 4 in each group. Thereafter, they were weighed and anaesthetized with ketamine (2ml/200gr body weight) muscle leg and quickly pinned to a dissecting board. Laparotomy was performed and liver lobes were defl ected anterolaterally to expose the common bile duct. The common bile duct was cannulated with a portex cannula (0.5 mm diameter) after a semitransection was made on the bile duct. The cannuls was held in place with thread tied over it and around the bile duct.The bile was collected for 8 hours from each rat studied according to method of Rozuet Jousse. The rate of bile fl ow was noted, the volume of bilirubin, bile cholesterol levels were determined in the control and test groups. Moreover, total of 18 wistar rats (200-250 gr) were obtainedfrom laboratory house of Drug research institute and acclimated for 10 days before starting the experiment. Liver toxicity was induced by the subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4, 0.4 ml/100gr), 1:1 diluted with paraffi n oil, for four successive days of the experiment (N.P.Scakun et al, 1983). The rats were divided randomly into 3 groups comprising 6 rats in each group and fed the same diet throughout the experimental period. Mean values of bile cholesterol and bilirubinlevels, rate of bile secretion in the control and sillichol group. Bile cholesterol levels were signifi cantly decreased in the sillichol group compared with the control group (60.3±0.88 mg/dl vs 62.6±1.21mg/dl, p<0.05). Rate of bile secretion was signifi cantly increased in the experimental compared with the control group(10.21±0.25 ml/8hr vs 4.18±0.25 ml/8hr, p<0.05). Total bilirubin, conjugated and unconjugatedbilirubin concentrations in both sillichol and control groups were not signifi cantly different (p<0.01). The activities of GOT, GPT and ALP were estimated in serum samples as the liver function biomarkers using biochemical diagnostic test. The CCL4 treatment markedly affected the liverspecifi c enzymes. It was found that a signifi cant (p<0.05) increase in serum GOT, GPT and ALP activities of CCL4 treated rats. After the treats, hepatic biomarkers were elevated in the serum due to release of the enzymes from damaged liver. GOT (69.8±1.5), GPT (103.9±1.2), ALP (23.8±0.2) and Cholesterol (67.7±13.6) andtriglyceride (64.0±3.3) levels weredecreasedsignifi cantly (p<0.05) in the sillichol groupcompared with the control group. Silichol is decreasing concentration of cholesterol and bilirubin’s level in bile, constantly after administration of drug. Also, liverpreparation is increasing bile acid secretion in hepatocytes and a speed of secretion.From the results of pharmacological study concluded that involves CCL4 induced acute toxic hepatitis, liver preparation has hepatoprotective effect by protecting the liver cells from injury, improving the regeneration process and by correcting metabolic functions of the liver.

IntroductionOur country imported drugs that are contain androgen and testosterone with high selling cost. Therefore,we have to made new body potential and strength biologically activity product which have natural, lowcost and high effective.GoalThe main purpose of study was to determine chemical composition of dried testicle powder and maincompounds of Tribulus terrestris, Astragalus mongolicus.Material and MethodsThe bovine testicle used in this research was purchased from “Makh Market” Co.Ltd in 2013. T.terrestriswas collected from Gurvansaikhan, Dundgobi province July 20, 2014 and A. mongolicus was collectedfrom Botanical garden of Medicinal Plant of Drug Research Institute in September, 2014. Testicles wereremoved from skin and other parts than cut in a mechanical cutting machine. It was freeze dried at -500Cby Labconco freezone12 freeze drier. 500 g of the finely powdered T. terrestris was extracted three timeswith 5000 ml 70% ethanol for 72 hours. All extracts were combined and evaporated by vacuum rotary till2500 ml. 50 g of the powdered A. mongolicus was extracted three times with 500 ml of distilled water for72 hours. Extract was heated until 800C for 24 hours. Extract were collected and evaporated by vacuumrotary till 200 ml. Protodioscin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) wasachieved by using reversed-phase (RP-18) column, ultraviolet detector (UV) and water, acetonitrilegradient as mobile phase, polysaccharide was determined spectrophotometric method, protein wasanalyzed by Kjeldahl method, moisture was measured by Moisture balance 6KD-50K instrument, totalfat was analyzed by Soxhlet apparatus.ResultThe analyses of testicle powder showed 69.8% protein, 8.0% ashes, 5.42% moisture, 15.6% total fatcontent and protodioscin content 1.12% in T.terrestris extract. In A.mongolicus water extract the 7.26%polysaccharide content was found. We were determined to chemical composition of bovine testiclepowder and results were agreed with MNS 5775:2007. More over, high content of polysaccharide andprotodioscin were found T.terrestris and A.mongolicus. Therefore, those raw materials can use forpotential and strength biological activity product.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections among the most common bacterial infectious diseases encountered at all ages. Escherichia coli are being the etiologic agent in 50–80%. Therefore, it is an important public health problem. E.coli causing urinary tract infections express pilli, fimbriae and others adherence virulence factors. GOAL: To detect the some adherence virulence factors of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 76E.colisampleswere collected. These samples were positive bacteriological examination of urine, performed at the bacteriological laboratory of the State Central Third Hospital and State Central First Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The biofilm formation was evaluated by the growth rate of E.coli on plastic surface.The detection of the virulence factors type 1 fimbriae (fimA gene) and P-fimbriae (papC) was performed by multiplex PCR using gene specific primers.Curli expression was determined by using congo red agar. RESULTS: The evaluation of bacterial biofilm formation using 96 well plates showed 40 negative (52.6%), 32 weak biofilm (42.1%) and 4 moderate biofilm (5.3%) formation for E.coli and no strong biofilm forming strain was detected. The cell surface protein (curli) was detected by Congo red agar. The result was 71% positive for studied E.coli strains. The detection result of pili genes by multiplex PCR showed that fimH gene detected for 73 (96.1%) and papC gene detected for 18 (23.7%) E.coli cultures. CONCLUSION: Almost half of surveyed Uropathogenic E.coli isolated in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia had ability of biofilm formation and it has been determined by the bacterial surface protein (curli), which is one of bacterial adherence factors, may cause biofilm formation.

NEED FOR STUDY AND GOAL: There is no data available on pupil’s health with relation to the school environmental condition and organization of educational activities in Mongolia. Therefore, the goal of the study was to assess organization of the educational activities and conduct hygienic assessment of chemical and bacteriological contamination in the school environment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1440 children were surveyed in this cross sectional study from the 6 secondary schools of UB city, Uvurhangai and Dornod aimags.Hygiene conditions of school was assessed and organization of educational activities evaluated by class timetable and pupil’s notes of daily regime.RESULT: Timetable of lessons: It was observed that in some cases teachers’ taught to primary pupils Mathematics and Mongolian language for 2 sequential hours, depending on some indexes such as lesson content, capacity and student’s activity. According to timetable of lessons of the secondary schools, pupils have lessons for 32-34 hours in a week. It was revealed that most schools have 2-3 hours more than standard timetable and heavy lessons were taught for 2-3 sequential hours. For the secondary classes, average length of classes was 32-34 hours in a week which indicates 2-3 hours longer timetable. There was no special place for physical training and movement games etc where pupil can do physical exercise, relax and enjoy school life. DAILY REGIME: pupils have been spending most of their time watching TV and listening music and spending few hours to help housework, to read a book and to prepare meal. Urban pupils spent total of 0.5-1 hour for coming to school and going to home but rural pupils spent 20-30 minutes approximately. RESULT OF THE LABORATORY ANALYSIS: The bacteriological analysis of 36 classes in schools showed that before lesson, 94.4% of classes were clean while 5.6% was contaminated in first season of school year. After the lesson, percentage of classes without contamination had been dropped to 88.8% and classes with contamination had been increased to 11.2%. In the 4th season of school year, before lesson 61.6% of classes was clean and 16.6% was contaminated and 22.3% was highly contaminated. Moreover, after the lesson, classes without contamination had been dropped to 27.7% while 72.3% was at high level contamination.CONCLUSION: 1. Time table of lessons and break time management is inadequate in the schools and 32-39.1% of pupils do not follow the daily regime. 2. In the end of day, chemical and bacteriological contamination increased in the classes.

INTRODUSTION: There have been limited research studies done in Mongolia on health status of children in relation to density of children in school classrooms.GOAL: This study aims to evaluate learning ability of children in Mongolia and develop recommendations for next intervention measures.MATERIALS AN METHODS: A total of 1440 children were surveyed in a cross sectional study that included 6 classes from 6 secondary schools of UB city, Uvurhangai and Dornod aimags. The test of letter drawing created by of V.Ya.Anfi mova was used to evaluate the pupil’s learning skills. This test was performed at the fi rst and last classes in each day of which was tested at the beginning (I quarter or September) and end (IV quarter or May) of the academic year.For each tests we accounted the mean of drawing letter, mean of mistake for 500 letter and standard deviation.RESULTS: The results of pupil’s letter drawing tests were compared by quarter for fi rst and last classes in each day. Pupil’s learning ability of class 4 was enough while other classes were not enough (P index 1) on the fi rst and last tests.CONCLUSION: Pupil’s learning ability has been changed by the same way of physiological adaptation process of child.Pupil’s learning ability had been decreased in last tests of each day and on Friday which was revealed by letter drawing test.Pupil’s learning ability of classes between 4 to 9 were not enough on the fi rst term while 4th class was good enough on the forth term (P index 1).

IntroductionKlebsiella spp is a well-known opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections such asurinary tract, septicaemia and pneumonia number of multi-drug resistant strains and infections causedby Klebsiella has progressively increased, causing treatment limitations.GoalIdentify of phenotype of Klebseilla isolates from ñlinical samplesMaterials and MethodsA total of 112 Klebsiella strains were isolated from clinical samples in State Central First Hospital and StateCentral Third Hospital from July 2015 through December 2015. The bacterial isolates were identifi edaccording to cultural characteristics, biochemical test and API20E. The serum resistance, capsule andhypermucoviscosity, cell surface protein (curly), a-hemolysin and ability to form biofi lm were sought byphenotypic assays. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by diffusion method.ResultA total of 112 Klebsiella samples were collected. The bacterial isolates were identifi ed according tocultural characteristics, biochemical test and API20E, the results revealed that 16.1 percent isolateswere identifi ed as K.oxytoca all of them 83.9 percent isolates were belong to K.pneumonia. Therewere observed for ampicillin (99 percent), nitrofurantoin (53.6 percent), cepalotin (50.6 percent) and51 percent of isolates were considered as a multiple drug resistant. Serum resistance properties ofK.pneumoniae was resistance 89.4 percent, intermediately susceptible 4.3 percent, sensitive 6.4percent and for K.oxytoca resistance 88.9 percent, intermediately susceptible 5.6 percent, sensitive 5.6percent. The hemolysin àalpha was detected in 32.2 percent, and gamma, beta in 66.96 percent, 0.9percent respectively. The capsule was observed in 46.5 percent and hypermucoviscosity in 27.7 percentof isolates. The cell surface protein (curly) and biofi lm were detected in 100 percent.Conclusion:Both K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca isolates from clinical samples have similar virulent properties, andthe a-hemolysin and hypermucoviscosity positive isolates were more resistance to antibiotics.

IntroductionA hangover is the experience of various unpleasant physiological and psychological effects followingconsumption of alcohol beverages, which can last for more than 24 hours. Common symptoms ofhangover are headache, gastrointestinal complaints, sweating, hyper-excitability, dry mouth, anorexia,diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue and vertigo. Alcohol or ethanol gets metabolized to an intermediate product,acetaldehyde, by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and then acetaldehyde is converted toacetate by a second enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Acetaldehyde causes toxic effects,such as high pulse, rate, sweating and vomiting. In most people, ALDH metabolizes acetaldehydequickly and effi ciently, so that this intermediate metabolite does not accumulate in high concentrations.Many treatments are described to prevent hangover, shorten its duration, and reduce the severity of itssymptoms, including innumerable folk remedies and recommendations.GoalThis study was conducted to investigate whether anti-hangover preparation has a protective effectagainst acute alcohol induced hangover in Wistar rats.Materials and MethodsMale and female Wistar line rats, weighing 180-210g were used for hangover model or ethanolmetabolism experiment. Rats were administered orally ethanol as 38% aqueous solution with feedingneedle, 1 ml/200g body weight. The anti-hangover preparation was administered 1 hour before ethanolconsumption. Blood was collected from the tail vein for the measurement of serum acetate andacetaldehyde at just before and 8, 16, 24 hour after ethanol administration.Statistical analysis: All value expressed as mean S.E obtained from n number of experiments.ResultFrom this study results summarize that the anti-hangover preparations decreased blood serum acetateand acetaldehyde levels as compared to control. Anti-hangover preparations enhanced acetaldehydeand acetate metabolism.Conclusion: These fi ndings indicate that anti-hangover preparations may exert benefi cial role inthe treatment of alcohol hangover without any toxicity. Therefore, the content of acetaldehyde wasdecreasing and increasing through repeating 8 hours within 24 hours.

AbstractIntroduction: In recent years, researchers have paid attention to the biological active products fromraw materials of animal origin. Lyophilized bovine bile and bovine liver hydrolyze and varieties ofplants have been used for increase secretion of bile in traditional systems of medicine of variouscountries. We investigated that beneficial effects of new product particularly its treatment liverdamage, improve regeneration process of damaged liver cell, effects on bile secretion, bile bilirubin,and bile cholesterol and plasma cholesterol levels. Moreover, we investigate physical, chemicalcapacity and drafted a MNS document.Goal: To complete pharmacological, technological and standardization study of Sillichol biologicalactive product.Material and MethodsSeveral biochemical methods were used for determination of chemical compounds in liverhydrolysate and lyophilized bile. The product was formed in combined powder form by dried stirringmethod and it was capsuled by NJP-1200 capsule machine. Litchfield-Wilcoxon’s method was usedto study the acute toxicity effect. The median lethal dose (LD50) value was calculated using themethod of Pearson and toxicity level of was determined according to classification of Sidorov K.K(1973). Human equivalent dose (effective dose) was calculated with according to FDA guidancefor drug-dose conversion. Acute hepatitis – Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage inrats (Skakun et al, 1984); Bile secretion effect was determined by method of Rozuet Jousse, 1980.All value expressed as mean S.E obtained from n number of experiments. The Student’s t-testfor unpaired observation between control and experimental samples was carried out for statisticalevaluation of a difference; p values of 0.05 or less were considered as statistically significant.ResultsTotal nitrogen, amino nitrogen, fat, ash and solution index were measured in liver hydrolysate.The results were accepted standard requirements of MNS 6484:2014. Bovine bile was dried byLabconco freezone L12 freeze drier in Drug Research Institute. The product named Sillichol wasformed combined powder form and capsuled №0 capsule. From the result of preclinical study, ourinvestigational new product is included in practically non-toxic class according to toxicity classificationby Sidorov (1750 mg/kg). Sillichol biological active product was increase bile level which is producedin liver cells and decreased bile cholesterol levels by 2.3-8.0% in the test group compared with thecontrol and reference groups.Conclusion: The biological active product was improving regeneration process of liver cells,normalize cell structure, effect to the anti-inflammatory in damaged liver cells.