BackgroundIn the present time Photodynamic therapy is a largely experimental treatment modality which is under development for application in both of neoplastic and non–neoplastic diseases. PDT involves a light-sensitive compound (photosensitizer), light and molecular oxygen. The photosensitizer is excited to its singlet state by light of the appropriate wavelength. Responses to photodynamic treatment are dependent on the photosensitizer used the an illumination conditions, the oxygenation status of the tissue and the type of cells involved.CoalTo study new photosensitizers from the pyrazole derivatives which is based on chlorine and porphyrin and produced from sea algae to the lung cancer cell (A549) that is cultured in vitro medium and tested by two ways that are light treatment and dark treatment. Furthermore we define how the photosensitizer dictate cancer cells by test MTT/3-/4.5-dimethylthiazole-2- yl/-2.5-biphenyl tetrzolium bromide a yellow tetrazole/, and how to change the cell morphological characteristics by its micro photo and determine potosensitizers that dictates on the least doze of the cell.Materials and MethodsThe cell line tested was A549 (human lung carcinoma cell). The cell line was obtained from the cell line bank at Seoul National University’s Cancer Research Center (Korea) and were grown in medium RPMI-1640 (Sigma-Aldrich) with 10% fetal bovine serum, glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin at 37 0C in humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Sigma-Aldrich), microscope (Olympus, CK40-32 PH, Japan), Laser irradiation (BioSpec LED 670-700 nm, Russia), ELISA-reader (BioTek, Synergy HT, USA), trypsin-EDTA solution, incubator (37 0C, 5% CO2) were used. The PDT was carried out using a diode laser generator apparatus (BioSpec LED, Russia) equipped with a halogen lamp, a band-pass filter (670-700 nm), and a fiber optics bundle. The wavelength was set at 670±1 nm. Duration of the light irradiation, under PDT treatment, is calculated taking into account the empirically found effective dose of light energy in J/cm2. Figure 1 shows micrographs from an optical microscope illustrating the morphological changes of A549 cells at different points of time after PDT.ResultsThe morphological changes for all tested photosensitizers were revealed by the same patterns, hence we have shown the morphological changes for compound 8 in this paper (Fig 1). Untreated A549 cells as a control did not show any significant morphological changes. The changes in the state and activity of cellular organelles induced by PDT were clearly observed after 3 h. PDT treatment against A549 cells induced plasma membrane disruption and cell shrinkage, indicating the plasma membrane as the main target for the photosensitizer: the membrane of A549 cells began to shrink immediately after PDT, and cell death processes commenced with cytoplasm leakage around the membrane for the first 3 h. After 24 h, the membrane had disintegrated, confirming the loss of cell viability.СоnclusionThe morphological changes were determined in 3 h, 24 h and 48 h after PDT. The bioactivity of 23 new photosensitizers was examined. Among them, 8 photosensitizers showed a promising effect for PDT, therefore, their in vitro biological results are displayed in this study. It was observed from the experimental results that the tested photosensitizers showed more promising effects for PDT or light toxicity. These photosensitizers inhibited more than 50% cells at 2.5 μM after 24 h. Untreated cells as control did not show any significant morphological changes. The PDT treatment cells induced to plasma membrane disruption and cell shrinkage. After 24 h of treatment the membrane was disintegrated, and confirmed the loss of cell viability.

Background: The investigational new medicine “Chlorphenos 100 ml” is being developed to treat allergy, flu, and inflammatory diseases.[1] The main biologically active substance chlorphenamine maleate blocks histamine H1 receptors and reduces tearing and swelling of the nasal mucosa.[7,9] In this study, “Chlorphenos 100 ml” was tested to see if it met standards for a syrup medicine published in national and international pharmacopeia.[1,7]Goals: The aim of this study was todevelop a new generic syrup medicine technology and standardization procedures.Materials and Methods: “Chlorphenos 100 ml” was prepared following general methods used to produce syrup medicines.[4] Based on the standardization protocols of national and international pharmacopeia, the presence of chlorphenamine maleate was determined using thin-layer chromatograpy and the chlorphenamine maleate content was established using spectrophotometer techniques.[2,3, 8] The pH and the density of the syrup medicine were determined using potentiometric and hydrometric methods respectively. [4,5]Results: The Rf value of the sample from the syrup medicineandthestandardchlorphenaminemaleatewas identical. The main active ingredient chlorphenamine maleate concentration was determined to be 0.43 mg/ ml. The pH of the syrup was measured to be 4.17 and the density was 1.174 mg/ml.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the investigational new drug Chlorphenos 100 ml meet the standards set forth in the national and international pharmacopeia. Theseresult also validate thetechnological protocol used to produce Chlorphenos 100 ml syrup. Therefore this medicine is determined to be suitable for factory production.Key words: Chlorphenaminemaleat, Chlorphenos syrupReferences1. China pharmacopeia 2005, page 185 chlorphenamine maleate2. Derivative Spectrophotometry for Simultaneous Analysis of Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Phenylephrine HCl, and Phenylpropanolamine HCl in Ternary Mixtures and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Maryam Kazemipouraand Mehdi Ansarib*3. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of paracetamol, phenylephrine and chlropheniramine in pharmaceuticals using chemometric approaches. Khoshayand M.R., Abdollahi H., Ghaffari A., Shariatpanahi M., Farzanegan H.4. Erdenetsetseg G, Khandsuren S, “Medicinetechnologicalvolume I”sweet juice syrup, page 3145. Mongolian national pharmacopeia 2011 page 541, 5446. Friedrich Kluge, Etymologisches Wörterbuch derdeutschen Sprache 2002, 24. Auflage.7. Gisela Wurm, Galenische Uebungen, 1989, 12Auflage, S 1588. EuropianPharmacopia, Fifth edition, Volume 1, S 609

WHO informed that across world an average of 565 young people aged 10 to 29 die every day through interpersonal violence. Some studies mentioned that anxiety was most frequently occurred as one of the psychological consequences among victims of child abuse. Recent research on effects of adverse early life experiences on central nervous system as stress systems (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis-HPA) has provided a greater understanding of the link between childhood abuse and susceptibility to anxiety disorder. Therefore, this research was done to study anxiety among abused adolescents, some physical parameters and level of cortisol in saliva.There were selected 20 abused children and 40 non abused children aged between 11-16 years old and lived in Ulaanbaatar city. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997) is a 38-item self-report questionnaire that assesses multiple symptoms of childhood anxiety disorders based on current diagnostic criteria. All participants were measured the cortisol in the saliva by Cortisol ELISA kit, Sigma, Average age of all subjects in the study was 13.52±1.57 and 59% of them were female and 41% were male. All anxiety symptoms of case group was statistically significance higher (p<0.01) than control group. The average amount of salivary cortisol of case group was (18.65±7.08) statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) than average amount of control group (32.15±20.99).Anxiety was more frequently occurred among abused children and blunted cortisol responses might indicate a level of impaired HPA functioning that could constitute a vulnerability to psychopathology with exposure to anxiety.

IntroductionThe research was performed with a purpose of assessing the reality of first aid during road accidents in urban and rural areas, knowledge, attitude and practice of the population and risk groups and preparedness of primary care facilities.Materials and Methods30 cases were researched by epidemiologic approach. The observation covered 64 drugstores and shops in urban and rural areas and the action methods were applied to 1068 rural and urban people. ResultsThe percentage of totally-injured pedestrians is 66.7% in 30 cases of 23.3% received first aid. Although the first aid given to 40 percent of accident victims were people who accompanied them, such as drivers and other people, 66.7 percent of those first aids were not performed correctly while there was no the first aid available to the remaining 60%. There was no first aid material in all these cases. 50.7% of the total of 1068 participants involved in the KAP test had no knowledge on first aid, although a quarter of them attended a related training, 69.9% of them have never performed first aid personally, one of every two people had no material for emergency or there was such problem faced that they had no enough knowledge and experience of first aid. There is a first aid corner in 58.3% all drugstores and shops in Ulaanbaatar city and in 30.3% in rural places. Conclusion: As a result of the study, it shows that citizens have no enough KAP on first aid to provide during accidents and injuries: they have no materials for first aid. Training for the first aid is required for citizens. It is necessary make complex sets of first aid materials available in all trade units and to improve their usage commonly.

BackgroundOn the basis of criteria and indicators of national and international pharmacopoeia pharmacopoeia medicament in syrup determined the composition. On formulations of sweet juice syrup medicine Tomuun received 100 ml. Improved composition drazhzhe “Tomuun 5g,” which made us and added substance has antihistaminic action - chlorphenamine maleate. This additional structure of the flu as well as infectious and inflammatory diseases have a symptomatic effect, that is, reduces tearing, nasal swelling of the nasal mucosa. As the research result shows, Tomuun syrup 100 ml contains ascorbic acid 10.2 ml / mg, paracetamol 2.5 mg / ml, chlorphenamine maleate 0.41 mg / ml.GoalsThe aim of this study was to develop a new generic medicine’s technology and standardization producers. Materials and MethodsSeveral methods have been used for technological producers and chemical analysis in this study. “Tomuun 100 ml” syrup medicine prepared for general cooking techniques syrup medicine. Indicators for Standardization syrup medicine “Tomuun 100 ml” developed on the basic documents of national and international pharmacopoeia. The thin-layer chromatography and HPLC methods used for determining the content of paracetamol and ascorbic acid.ResultsWe have researched the indication syrup medicine for production technology and projected the standardization producers on syrup medicine according to national and international pharmacopoeias.ConclusionAs results from this study shows that “Tomuun” syrup medicine is suitable for several above mentioned criteria and used technological and chemical methods such as HPLC and thin layer chromatography are acceptable for generic medicine’s standard documentation for this medicine.

Background:Bacteriophages act only host bacterial pathogen selectively not affecting the normal microflora of the human digestive tract, not causing allergies. Also found that the bacteriophage preparations don’t have taste, smell and preparation technology doesn’t affect the structure of bacteriophage. Using of bacteriophages for treatment is safe and has established that they are very effective against multi-drug resistant bacteria according to conducted clinical studies. In our country is using the Bacteriophage preparate which is based on local strain of Salmonella Typhi. Nowadays there is no research data whether environmental physical and chemical factors can affect the Bacteriophage activity.Aim:To study whether the environment physical and chemical factors might influence on Bacteriophage of Salmonella Typhi.Materials and Methods:In this study, were used the test strains of the Salmonellatyphimurium, Salmonella typhi and Bacteriophage of Salmonella Typhi. All procedures are performed according to Mongolian National Standard MNS ISO 2416-94, 3317-94 and Bacteriophage of Salmonella Typhi.Our study was established that physical and chemical factors: temperature of water bath, chloroform action time interval, procedure to kept biopreparates all can affect bacteriophage lysis activity.Conclusions:Any use of bacteriophages did not reveal any adverse effects. From the Bacteriophage of Salmonella Typhi preparations kept up to 3 years can be isolated bacteriophage strains by our improved method.

WHO informed that across world an average of 565 young people aged 10 to 29 die every day through interpersonal violence. Some studies mentioned that anxiety was most frequently occurred as one of the psychological consequences among victims of child abuse. Recent research on effects of adverse early life experiences on central nervous system as stress systems (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis-HPA) has provided a greater understanding of the link between childhood abuse and susceptibility to anxiety disorder. Therefore, this research was done to study anxiety among abused adolescents, some physical parameters and level of cortisol in saliva. There were selected 20 abused children and 40 non abused children aged between 11-16 years old and lived in Ulaanbaatar city. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997) is a 38-item self-report questionnaire that assesses multiple symptoms of childhood anxiety disorders based on current diagnostic criteria. All participants were measured the cortisol in the saliva by Cortisol ELISA kit, Sigma, Average age of all subjects in the study was 13.52±1.57 and 59% of them were female and 41% were male. All anxiety symptoms of case group was statistically significance higher (p<0.01) than control group. The average amount of salivary cortisol of case group was (18.65±7.08) statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) than average amount of control group (32.15±20.99). Anxiety was more frequently occurred among abused children and blunted cortisol responses might indicate a level of impaired HPA functioning that could constitute a vulnerability to psychopathology with exposure to anxiety.

BACKGROUND OF STUDY: Not only in developed countries but also in Mongolia it is vital problem to decide how to improve human life’s quality, to make clear the measurement to take, discover human body’s change, aging mechanism and predict from these diseases. The research on herders’ biological aging which is connected to the geography, nature, environment, climate, inhabitant, culture and labor’s specialty hasn’t been done yet. So it causes the basis to write this research. AIMS: Defining the nomadic herder’s biological aging MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: All the herders in Gobi-Altai were included in this research. They wereclassified into ages such as 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69, and 202 female and 212 male herders were chosen accidentally. The model types of research “Cross-Sectional” method is used for this, the equipment called “Tanita” which is used for measuring body is used for collecting information and also SPSS-22programmis used for producing result. RESULT OF STUDY: 1. 49% of all research participants are male, 51% are female. 2. Herder’s biological aging is 50,4+9,4 and it shows that 6,3 older than calendar ages. 3. Herders’ aging was different for male and female herders. 81,8 percent of the male herders get older very fast whereas 69,4 of female herders get older slowly. CONCLUSION: • Male herder’s aging is 14 years older than womenThe older female and male herders get, the less their difference in their biological age becomes. • The percentage of the herders whose aging is getting fast is 21-26 % older than biological aging of the UB city’s people. • Biological age and sex’s connection (r=0,0001 p=0,00488) between biological age and weight’s index is (r=0,00488, p=0,001) is different and statistical significant.

Introduction: Health care workers of First Central Hospital of Mongolia have vaccinated with three different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. We detected SARS-CoV-2 N and S-RBD antibodies after 30-90 days of second dose of vaccination. Method: Quantitation of antibodies to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was performed for the detection of adaptive immune response in 291 HCWs vaccinated with Covishield, Sinopharm and Pfizer Biontech. Detection and quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 N and S antibodies were performed by the electrochemiluminesce assay Cobas e411, Roche. Result: SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD IgG titer were negative 0%, weak positive 0.4%, positive 17.5%, strong positive 82.1% of 246 HCWs vaccinated with Covishield and were negative 2.8%, weak positive 8.5%, positive 57.1%, strong positive 31.4% of 35 HCWs vaccinated with Sinopharm.
In all HCWs vaccinated with Pfizer Biontech SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD IgG titers were strong positive. Conclusion Humoral immunity was produced in HCWs after two doses of Covishield vaccine 100%, Sinopharm 97.0%, Pfizer Biontech 100% respectively. Antibody titer was higher among younger age workers.

Background: Kidney transplantation has being performed in Mongolia since 2006. However there is currently no published data available on long-term graft and patient survival. Objective: Our aim was to assess the long-term graft and patient survival rate correlation with HLA-A-B-DR matching. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 70 adult kidney transplants performed at our hospital from August 2006 through January 2014. The data was retrospectively collected from patient files, including characteristics of the recipient and donor, post transplant features and HLA-A-B-DR DNA based typing results. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze graft and patient survival. Results: The mean patient follow-up period after kidney transplantation was 39,6±25.9 months, and the mean kidney graft follow-up period was 36.6±23.7 months for 70 cases. Overall graft and patient survivals were 52 (74.3%) and 60 (85.7%) respectively in 70 cases. Five-year graft and patient survivals were 23 (67.6%) and 29 (85.3%) respectively in 34 cases. The group with four to six mismatched were found to have a significantly lower 3 and 5-year graft and patient survival (71%; 35%); (80%; 40%) compared to 0 to 1 mismatched group (100%) (p=.030; p=.015). Furthermore we analyzed the association of HLA matching, immunosuppressive therapy and long-term graft survival. We selected CNI mono-therapy group for long-term survival analysis and observed a similar pattern. In mono-therapy group, the group with four to six mismatched were found to have a significantly lower 3 and 5-year graft and patient survival (75%; 30%); (65%; 30%) compared to 0 to 1 mismatched group (100%) (p=.037; p=.001). Conclusion The results showed that graft and patient survival rates were lower compared with results from established centers. Statistically highly significant effect of HLA matching on kidney graft and patient survival rates was found in our analysis. Five years after transplantation the graft survival rate of first adult kidney transplant with 4-6MM was 65-70% lower than that of grafts with 0-1MM. Longitudinal cohort study needed in the future to exhibit an improved transplantation outcome.