The sequelae after stroke often have resulted in limits in functions and social integration of the patients. Objectives: (1) to estimate sequela prevalence and (2) to describe the re-integration status of the hemiplegic patients. Method: Medical records of 120 patients presented at Bach Mai Hospital between 1996 to 1999 had been reviewed retrospectively; 64 patients had returned to followed up examination and 25 had been examnined at their home. Among them, 62.5% suffered from shoulder pain, 43.6% having the elbow contracture and 58.1% with wrist spastic flexion. 44.6% to 50% of the patients have difficulties in bathing and cloth changing. 51.8% were independent in ambulation. 35.42% of the patients at working age have income-generating activities. About 75% of the subjects have been socially integrated. Conclusion: These relative good results depended of active involvement of the patients and their family members in rehabilitation in-and after hospitalization.
Stroke, Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

Humans ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

OBJECTIVE: The authors study evaluated the effect of a cognitive rehabilitation program designed to enhance the attention skill of chronic schizophrenics. METHODS: Dependent variables included measures of perceptual sensitivity and response criterion derived from the Vigilance test of Vienna test system. Each of 10 subjects received 10 sessions of repeated training with computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation program(REHACOM). Eleven subjects were assigned to a control group. All subject were rated on measures of positive and negative symptoms before training. RESULTS: Significant changes on the outcome measures were observed following attention training. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that cognitive rehabilitation with chronic schizophrenics should stress the possibility of remediating deficiencies in basic abilities, such as attention.
Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Rehabilitation*

In this last paper of the series about risk of bias assessment, we introduce the application of risk of bias assessment results. Risk of bias assessment is one of the key steps in the assessment of quality of evidence. The risk of bias assessment results could be the "diagnosis" of individual studies, which helps decision making related to the inclusion and exclusion of individual studies, as well as the data analysis in the systematic review process. This paper focuses on how to incorporate risk of bias assessment results in the GRADE assessment for quality of evidence, including the principles and the tips for the application.
Bias ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Risk Assessment

No abstract available.
Blood Transfusion* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care)*

There have been 91 papers on risperidone in Korea, which were composed of 21 reviews, 9 preclinical studies, 18 case reports, and 43 clinical trials, since this new antipsychotic was introduced. Case reports focused mainly on adverse effects of risperidone, and clinical trials on it's efficacy and safety. Review of Korean clinical trials revealed the paucity of well designed controlled studies which examined the effective dose and compared the efficacy of risperidone with those of other drugs. Future research should adopt more reliable and standardized methods. The efficacy of risperidone for various clinical populations needs to be elucidated. Researchers need to make an effort to implicate the clinical use of risperidone. Long-term outcome studies are expected.
Korea* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Risperidone*

No abstract available.
Fecal Incontinence ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

PURPOSE: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and to test the measurement properties of the Korean version of International Knee Documentation Committee (K-IKDC) Subjective Knee Form. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation, translation and backward translation of the English version of the IKDC Subjective Knee Form were performed. After translation into the Korean version, 150 patients who had knee-related problems were asked to complete the K-IKDC, Lysholm score, and Short Form-36 (SF-36). Of these patients, 126 were retested 2 weeks later to evaluate test-retest reliability, and 104 were recruited 3 months later to evaluate responsiveness. Construct validity was analyzed by investigating the correlation with Lysholm score and SF-36; content validity was also evaluated. Standardized mean response was calculated for evaluating responsiveness. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability proved excellent with a high value for the intraclass correlation coefficient (r=0.94). The internal consistency was strong (Cronbach's alpha=0.91). Good content validity with absence of floor not ceiling effects and good convergent and divergent validity were observed. Moderate responsiveness was shown (standardized mean response=0.689). CONCLUSIONS: The K-IKDC demonstrated good measurement properties. We suggest that this instrument is an excellent evaluation instrument that can be used for Korean patients with knee-related injuries.
Humans ; Knee ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

Background: In 2008, the Department of Health (DOH) issued Administrative Order 2008-0023 that called for an “effective and efficient monitoring system that will link all patient safety initiatives”. However, there are still no explicit and harmonized targets to measure effectiveness and to provide benchmarks that assess whether previous efforts were helpful. Objective: The study aimed to describe the status of patient safety performance measures and indicators on the international patient safety goals (IPSGs) in select hospitals in the Philippines. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to investigate currently used performance measures and indicators. Data collection included administration of a Hospital Patient Safety Indicators Questionnaire (HPSIQ) that summarized the currently used patient safety measures and indicators in the sampled Level 2 and level 3 hospitals and triangulation by review of documents such as hospital databases, protocols on reporting, and manuals for information gathering regarding patient safety. Performance measures were categorized using the Donabedian framework. Core indicators were identified through review of standards that cut across the six IPSGs and evaluation of overarching processes and concepts in patient safety. Results: Forty-one level 2 and 3 hospitals participated in the study. Most performance indicators were process measures (52%), while structure (31%) and outcome measures (17%) accounted for the rest. There is an obvious lack of structural requirements for patient safety in the hospitals included in this study. Less than half the hospitals surveyed implement risk assessment and management consistently. Reporting of events, near- misses, and patient safety data are widely varied among hospitals. Data utilization for quality improvement is not fully established in many of the hospitals. Patient engagement is not integrated in service delivery and performance measurement but is crucial in promoting patient safety. Conclusion Mechanisms to improve hospitals’ capacity to monitor, anticipate, and reduce risk of patient harm during the provision of healthcare should be provided. Having a unified set of definitions and protocols for measurement will facilitate reliable monitoring and improvement. Leadership and governance, both internal (e.g., hospital administrators) and external (e.g., DOH) that recognize a data-driven approach to policymaking and improvement of service delivery are crucial in promoting patient safety
Patient Safety ; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care

The research on the relationship between single exposure and health outcomes is not comprehensive without a capability of systematically revealing the cause. At present, some studies have explored the relationship between exposome and health outcomes. However, due to the large data of exposome and the correlation among exposure factors, there is still a lack of effective methods to analyze the relationship between exposome and health outcomes. This study reviews the previous literature, combs the analysis methods of the relationship between exposome and health outcomes, and points out that agnosticism combined with middle-level information can significantly reduce the false positive rate, so as to provide a reference for accurately identifying the influencing factors of health outcomes in extensive exposome.
Exposome ; Humans ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care