With the rapid advancement of immunology and molecular biology,many new revelations and ideas were drew for clinical immunology in laboratory medicine.In the current circumstances of application of clinical pathway management and individual medical care,how to accurately grasp these changes to build perfect quality system for clinical immunology laboratory,clarify the immunology laboratory pathway and integrate that into clinical pathway management,make solid progress for the promotion and application of individual diagnosis and evaluate the diagnostic value of new technique and item for clinical immunology laboratory accurately might be worth pondering for every people working in clinical immunology laboratory.In this paper,the status quo and reflection of clinical immunology is reviewed.

With the development of molecular biology and molecular genetics,more attention has been taken to the advanced techniques which can be used to detect minority mutations.In recent years,many techniques such as amplification refractory mutation system,PCR clamping,pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization,co-amplification at lower denaturation temperature-PCR and digital PCR have been developed,which will make the hereditary disease diagnosis,cancer detection,noninvasive antenatal diagnosis step into a new stage in the near future.This review presents an overview of the principles,aoolications,advantages and disadvantages of these techniques.

Five medicines for prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures were introduced.They are bisphosphonates,calcitonin,selective estrogen-receptor modulator,estrogen and active vitamin D.The pharmacologic effects,safety,application and causions were explained according to principles of evidence-based medicine.

Hypertension is a common chronic disease which can lead to cardiac, cerebrovascular and renal damage; it is seriously harmful to human health. Cardiovascular disease caused by hypertension has become the first cause of death of residents in our country, the burden of disease has become more and more serious, how to manage hypertension has become an important public health issue in our country. In this review, the development and current situation of the community health management of hypertension at home and abroad are described and analyzed, the experience and practice worthy of learning are summarized to provide evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension in community.

BACKGROUND: In order to improve the medication safety and remove export obstacles of Chinese preparations contained heavy metal and arsenide (cinnabar, realgar), it is necessary to carry on the evaluation on the efficacy and safety of cinnabar and realgar. At present, it has not been clear concerning to the pharmacodynamic mechanism of cinnabar and realgar in compound prescriptions yet.OBJECTIVE: To study the differences in cinnabar and realgar in angong niuhuang wan in the organism physiologically and pathologically so as to probe into those pharmacodynamic mechanism.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of one university.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in January 2003. Totally 51 male SD rats weighted varied from 250 g to 300 g were employed, provided by Experimental Animal Center of First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.METHODS: SD rats were randomized into 6 groups(8-10 rats/group),named as normal group, normal & angong niuhuang san (integral recipe) group(278 mg/kg), normal & cinnabar and realgar omitted angong niuhuang san(disassembled recipe) group(222.7 mg/kg), cerebral edema model group(ligature on unilateral carotid artery by injection of pertussis bacilli (PB), 2 500 million/kg), model & integral recipe group (medication 278 mg/kg was done 1 hour before model preparation), model & disassembled recipe group(medication 222.7 mg/kg was done 1 hour before model preparation) . Five hours later after once medication(4 hours later after PB injection in model group), blood was collected and brain homogenate was prepared.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain tissues, serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and percentage enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH1-5).RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the general activity of LDH in normal & integral recipe group and normal & disassembled recipe group was significantly improved by 32.4% to 38.4% ( P ＜ 0.05); percentage enzyme activity of LDH1,2 was significantly increased( P ＜ 0.01 ), and that of LDH4, 5 was reduced( P ＜0.01) . Except LDH5, there were no significant differences in enzyme activity of isoenzymes in two groups. Compared with model group, the general activity of LDH in model & integral recipe group and model & disassembled recipe group was significantly improved by 23.4% to 38.5% ( P ＜ 0.01); percentage enzyme activity of LDH5 was significantly increased( P ＜ 0.01 ), there were no significant differences in two groups. In model & integral recipe group, percentage enzyme activity of LDH2,3 was significantly decreased( P ＜ 0.01), and that of LDH1,4 was no significant change. In model & disassemble recipe group, percentage enzyme activity of LDH1,4 was significantly reduced( P ＜ 0. 05, 0.01 ) and that of LDH2,3 was no significant change.CONCLUSION: In normal physiological state, angong niuhuang san produces a certain injuries on cardiac muscle and kidney. In pathological state of infectious cerebral edema, both integral and disassembled recipes inhibit LDH enzymes that have been over-activated, but the significant differences did not presented between both. Cinnabar and realgar in compound prescript provide the effects in various degrees on levels of LDH isoemzymas.

During the period of January 2006 to December 2012 at our department,retrospective analyses of epidemiological and clinical data were performed for 199 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS inpatients and outpatients.The male-to-female ratio was 3.78∶ 1.Their age range was 20-40 years.Migrant workers accounted for a large proportion of infection.Sexual contact was a major route of transmission and it accounted for 88.4％.Most of them had non-marital sexual contact.And all infected marital sexual contacts were women.Asymptomatic patients accounted for 55.8％.Pulmonary infection was the most common clinical manifestation.There were more males than females locally.Most of them were young and middleaged.Sexual contact was a major route of transmission.Out-of-town migrant population was important for transmission.

Objective To study the role of homeobox A2(HOXA2) gene in cell growth,cellcycle and apoptosis of hepatoma cells, and discuss the feasibility that HOXA2 gene would be a potential therapy target of hepatoma. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and revers transcriptional polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine HOXA2 expression in tumorous and non-tumorous tissue of patients was matched with liver cancer. siRNAs were chemically synthesized to interference HOXA2 in PLC/PRF/5 and MHCC-97L cells. Growth curve and soft-agar colony formation assay were performed to evaluate cell growth, and cell cycle and apop-tosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results HOXA2 was upregulated in HCC samples compared with matched non-tumor tissues(P<0.05). Two siRNAs against HOXA2 gene were designed and synthesized to specially knock-down HOXA2 in PLC/PRF/5 and MHCC-97L cells. HOXA2 knockdown inhibited cellular growth and soft-agar colony formation in PLC/PRF/5 and MHCC-97L cells. And Fowcytometry analysis revealed that HOXA2 knock-down by RNA interference could result in G1 arrest and S decrease and promoted cellular apoptosis. ConclusionHOXA2 gene has an important role in cell growth of hepatoma cells.

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics in primary hyperparathyroidism of different pathologic types through retrospective analysis of 280 cases diagnosed in PUMCH during 1958 to 2005.Methods Totally 280 patients were diagnosed as PHPT biochemically and proved by pathology.Serum PTH,TCa,P,25(OH)D,TRAP,plasma ICa,24 h urinary Ca and HOP were measured.Results M/F ratio was higher in carcinoma group(P

AIM: To study the expression and change of growth hormone receptors in experimental cirrhotic liver in rats. METHODS: Thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats. The expression of growth hormone receptor and its mRNA was investigated by radio-ligand binding assay, revere transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and digital image analysis in liver tissue or hepatocytes taken from normal control or cirrhotic rats with different stages of cirrhosis. RESULTS: Growth hormone-specific singular binding sties, namely growth hormone receptors, were detected in liver tissue or hepatocytes from rat samples with cirrhosis. The binding capacity of growth hormone receptors in rat cirrhotic live tissue was significant lower than that in normal control, and it decreased gradually along with the accumulation of collagen in the process of formation and development of liver cirrhosis. The binding sites of growth hormone receptors in rat cirrhotic liver cells were significantly lower than that in normal control. The expression of growth hormone receptor mRNA in rat cirrhotic liver tissue was also significant lower than that in normal control. CONCLUSIONS: The growth hormone receptor was expressed in cirrhotic livers at a reduced level in isolated hepatocytes or live tissue of cirrhotic rats, and lesser expression of growth hormone receptors was found in later stage of cirrhosis. The suppressed expression of growth hormone receptor was partly due to the reduced expression of its mRNA in cirrhotic liver tissue.

Objective To observe the effect of Chinese medicine to wash, acupressure and Avene cream to moistur-ize for infantile eczema.Methods 100 babies who were diagnosed infantile eczema were chosen and separated to interven-tion group and control group randomly.The control group was treated by Chinese medicine to wash, acupressure and cream to moisturize, and the intervention group was treated by hormone medicine and Avene cream to moisturize.Observe the treat-ment effect after 7 days, 14days and 1 week after cured.Results The severity,effective rate and cure rate of two groups after 7days haven′t the statistical difference(p>0.05), and the severity of intervention group after 14days was lower than that of control group (p<0.05),the effective rate of intervention group after 14days was higher than and that of control group (p<0.05), and the recurrence rate of intervention group was lower than that of control group (p<0.05).Conclusion Combi-ning traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment can promote the treatment effect of infantile eczema , and reduce the recurrence, should be generalization.