No abstract available.
Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous*

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the newborn hearing screening program in The Medical City based on the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) 2007 Position Statement Quality Indicators. Methods: Study Design: Cross - Sectional Survey. Setting: Tertiary Private Hospital. Participants: All newborns who underwent newborn hearing screening in The Medical City for the year 2015. Results: Of 2,010 patients delivered in the hospital in year 2015, 1,986 (98.8%) were screened. Among the 59 babies with initial “refer” results, 15 (25.42%) “referred” a second time while 24 (40.68%) “passed” the rescreening. Twenty (33.89%) did not undergo rescreening (10 were classified as dropouts, while another 10 did not undergo rescreening for various reasons. Of those who “referred” during rescreening, only 9 (60%) had further evaluation done with ABR/ASSR. Among these, 4 (26.66%) had hearing loss and proceeded with the appropriate monitoring and management while 5 (33.33%) had normal hearing. Conclusion The current newborn hearing screening program in the Medical City was able to reach JCIH 2007 quality indicators for screening but not for confirmation of hearing Loss. All patients with hearing loss were managed with early rehabilitation.
Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem

Tinnitus-the perception of sound in the absence of an actual external sound-represents a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a single disease. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Tinnitus generators are theoretically located in the auditory pathway, and such generators and various mechanisms occurring in the peripheral auditory system have been explained in terms of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, edge theory, and discordant theory. Those present in the central auditory system have been explained in terms of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the auditory plasticity theory, the crosstalk theory, the somatosensory system, and the limbic and autonomic nervous systems. Treatments for tinnitus include pharmacotherapy, cognitive and behavioral therapy, sound therapy, music therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, massage and stretching, and electrical suppression. This paper reviews the characteristics, causes, mechanisms, and treatments of tinnitus.
Auditory Pathways ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Cochlear Nucleus ; Massage ; Music Therapy ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Tinnitus

Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) signal can be used for diagnosis of hearing loss so that it has an important clinical value. Continuously using sweeping primaries to measure DPOAE provides an efficient tool to record DPOAE data rapidly when DPOAE is measured in a large frequency range. In this paper, locally weighted least squares estimation (LWLSE) of 2f1-f2 DPOAE is presented based on least-squares-fit (LSF) algorithm, in which DPOAE is evoked by continuously sweeping tones. In our study, we used a weighted error function as the loss function and the weighting matrixes in the local sense to obtain a smaller estimated variance. Firstly, ordinary least squares estimation of the DPOAE parameters was obtained. Then the error vectors were grouped and the different local weighting matrixes were calculated in each group. And finally, the parameters of the DPOAE signal were estimated based on least squares estimation principle using the local weighting matrixes. The simulation results showed that the estimate variance and fluctuation errors were reduced, so the method estimates DPOAE and stimuli more accurately and stably, which facilitates extraction of clearer DPOAE fine structure.
Algorithms ; Hearing Loss ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Regression Analysis

OBJECTIVETo study how to perform the hearing screening on the infants in the rural area.

METHODSThree thousand nine hundreds and twenty-two infants, about 84% of them from rural, were born in the People Hospital of LaiZhou City from January to December in 2004. The infants were performed fast hearing screening by transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) after the birth in 2-7 days. The fail cases were checked again after 4-6 weeks, and then were diagnosed if they still failed after following-up.

RESULTSThe infants (3612/3922, 92.1%) have been checked by TEOAE, and the examination was free in the poverty cases. The rate passed on the first check was 69.96% (2527/3922), but 1085 infants failed (30.4%), while 310 infants have not been checked (7.9%). In the 1085 cases that should be rechecked, there was only 633 cases (58.34%) accepted the check on time, while 452 cases (41.66%) missed. In the 163 cases with high-risk infants in 2004, 114 infants (69.96%) were checked, but 49 infants (29.04%) were not checked. Fourteen cases failed in the recheck, and 11 of them were checked by ABR. Two cases were found to be moderate and severe hearing loss in binaural respectively and 4 cases with mild hearing loss in monaural while 3 cases were normal.

CONCLUSIONSIt is necessary and viable for the infants on hearing screening in the rural area It should be set up and perfected the model for infants on hearing screening in rural area as soon as possible; it should be free for the poor infants to make sure everyone enjoy the health care.

OBJECTIVE: To find mechanism of tinnitus and explore effective treatment for tinnitus. METHOD: The 133 tinnitus patients were assigned into two groups by relationship between Distortion product otoacoustic emissions and frequencies of tinnitus: relationship group (73 cases) and non-relationship group (60 cases). All 133 cases were treated with drug, such as injection of Lipo PGE1, Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B12. After 14 days of treatment the efficacy of the medicines in two groups was observed. RESULT: The effective rate of two groups mentioned above were 75.3% and 36.7% respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, effective rate was correlative to the course of the tinnitus. CONCLUSION Drug therapy can be a choice for patients who have relationship between DPOAEs and frequencies of tinnitus, especially for acute tinnitus. Personalized treatment should be provided.
Adult ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Tinnitus ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between blood levels of lead and the function states of cochlear outer hair cells (OHC). METHOD: Two hundred and fifty-six children lived in Pb-Zn mine area and Yiliang country, aged from 6 to 7 years were enrolled in this study. Blood lead (B-Pb) levels were measured. Otoacoustic emission (OAE) tests including transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and distortion products otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) were also measured in these children. RESULT: The difference in B-Pb levels between the school children who lived in mine area and children lived in country was significant (P < 0.01). There were negative correlations between the B-Pb levels and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) on DPOAE test in children who lived in country and those lived in mine area (P < 0.01). The difference in relative coefficients of B-Pb levels between the children lived in mine and children lived in country were significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The B-Pb levels of children who lived in mine area were higher than that of those lived in country. SNR decreased in plumbism cases. Long-term Pb expose may influence the function of cochlear OHC and higher B-Pb levels may lead to worse function of OHC.
Audiometry ; Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between passing rate of otoacoustic emission (OAE) and pure tone thresholds. METHOD: OAE including both transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and distortion products otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) as well as pure tone thresholds were measured in subjects with normal hearing and sensory hearing loss. The passing rates of OAE were calculated in subjects with different age groups and different pure tone thresholds. RESULT: TEOAE can identify hearing loss at frequencies of 2 kHz and below. For TEOAE and 2 kHz DPOAE, passing rate has no difference between different age groups. For 4 kHz DPOAE, the passing rate in age over 50 years group is lower than other groups. The passing rate decreased as the pure tone threshold increased. When TEOAE and DPOAE suggest " pass", 70%, 81%, 79% subjects had pure tone threshold lower than 25 dB HL and 94%, 96%, 93% lower than 40 dB HL respectively. When they suggest "refer", 93%, 84%, 87% subjects had pure tone threshold higher than 25 dB HL and 71%, 58%, 68% higher than 40 dB HL respectively. CONCLUSION TEOAE is sensitive to hearing loss at middle and low frequencies but not at high frequencies. Measuring both TEOAE and DPOAE might provide more information of hearing loss at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kHz. It is worth noting that even OAE suggest "pass" or "refer", because there is still exist the possibility of hearing loss.
Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Auditory Threshold ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous

Animals ; Cochlea ; pathology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Hyperlipidemias ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous

In order to observe the DPOAE of guinea pigs under awake and anesthetic conditions, we invesitigated the amplitude of distortion product emission and I/O function curves and made a comparative analysis of their changes under different conditions. It was found that the amplitude of DPOAE and I/O curves did not show difference in the guinea pigs under awake and anesthetics conditions. We deem it credible and simple to measure DPOAE in the guinea pigs under awake condition, which is similar to measuring DPOAE in the guinea pigs under physiological condition.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Cochlea ; physiology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; physiology