BACKGROUND Inflammation, ulcer and cancer are the popular diseases of stomach. The number of stomach cancer was placed on the second place after liver cancer and if reached a peak of 14,7% of all kind of cancer. Unfortunately, the number of these cases about stomach cancer took the second place, also the number of death caused by stomach cancer took the first place by it is happening. In Mongolia, because of stomach cancer around 500 people pass away. Helicobacter infection is considered as a main reason of stomach cancer and besides that, there are so many influencing factors such as smoking habits, nutrite, abuse of salt, genetic parameters. METHODS 537 patients have endoscopy done and 121 of them have analyze of helicobacter infection taken randomly in the 1st season of 2017 in gastroenterology department of Medipas hospital. The number of patients who have taken helicobacter analyze was computed by theorem of Japanese scientist Taro Yamane. Results of research was processed by spss-v.24. RESULTS 65 of patients, who were participated in this research were male and other 56 were female. Most of them were at the age between 40-50. 64% of them haven’t known about helicobacter and have never taken this analyze, 36% of them have taken analyze helicobacter in blood but they haven’t treated fully and haven’t known about infection of helicobacter by the way of transferring.

Purpose: The etiology of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) remains unknown until today. A few studies have suggested passive smoke inhalation may be a risk factor, although the association is not confirmed and a causal relationship has not been established. Most mothers who smoke during pregnancy may continue smoking after giving a birth, it would be difficult to determine to what extent passive smoke inhalation adds to the risk of LCPD in these children. The causes of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease are largely unknown, but this pediatric disease seems to result from interruption of the blood supply to the proximal femur and is considered a vascular disease. Because maternal smoking during pregnancy influences fetal development and is associated with cardiovascular diseases in offspring, we hypothesized that this exposure and passive Tabaco smoke exposure are risk factors for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and also investigated other markers of impaired fetal development and early-life exposures. Methods: We prospectively recruited total 96 patients, among those 32 patients with LCPD as a case group and 64 patients attending the hospital for other orthopedic complaints as control group. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between the exposures and risk of LCPD. Results: The main risk factors for LCPD were family background, indoor use of a wood stove, having a family member who smoked indoors (passive smoke) and smoke during pregnancy. Children from the middle socioeconomic group appeared to be at a greater risk of developing LCPD. Conclusions This study provides further evidence that environmental tobacco smoke is associated with an increased risk of LCPD. Family background and exposure to wood smoke also appears to be risk factors. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and other factors indicated by impaired fetal development may be associated with an increased risk of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. However, it remains unclear why there are profound differences in the incidence of the disease between regions when the prevalence of smoking is comparable and why bilateral involvement is infrequent, and it needs further study.

BackgroundIgA nephropathy and MPGN are common glomerulonephritis in the world that progresses slowly andrenal function can even remain unchanged for decades. Clinically, it presents by isolated hematuria,proteinuria. Histologically, IgA nephropathy presents with acute glomerular damage, mesangial cellproliferation, endocapillary leucocyte infiltration, and crescent formations, these lesions can undergoresolution with sclerotic healing. Since 2013, renal biopsy has been done at the First Central Hospitalof Mongolia a few times. However, the confirmative diagnosis of IgA nephropathy and MPGN remainunknown in Mongolia by renal biopsy. Therefore, we intended to test renal biopsy techniques andconfirm its diagnosis by renal biopsy at the Second Central Hospital of Mongolia.MethodsUltrasound guided renal biopsy had been done for four patients by nephrologist at the Departmentof Nephrology of the Second Central Hospital of Mongolia. All four specimens were evaluated assatisfactory which show more than 8 glomerulus under the light microscopy. Each renal cortical tissuewas divided into two tips: one piece for routine H&E stain and special stains, including Masson’strichrome, and PAS stain; another piece for immunofluorescence by frozen section, which werestained with IgG, IgM, IgA and complement component 3 (C3). Each case was screened by threepathologists.Results:The case which shows mesengial widening, mesengial hypercellularity under the light microscopyor mesangial granular deposition of IgA and C3 by immunofluorescence was diagnosed as IgAnephropathy. We obtained crescent formation with glomerular adhesion in most cases. In addition, weobserved secondary MPGN in one case, which is caused by hepatitis C virus infection.Conclusion: Probably, it is a new step for developing pathologic diagnosis for nephrology in Mongolia.We needs further study for improving renal biopsy technique and confirming the diagnosis of IgAnephropathy and MPGN using electron microscopy and pathological report by oxford classification forIgA nephropathy.