1.Bio-psychological perspectives of eating disorders and obesity: a revisited
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2008;9(1):33-41
Food is closely related with emotion. It often provides comfort and satisfaction. Some individuals choose to turn to food to curb their negative emotion, resulting in disturbances in
eating patterns, such as overeating which lead to obesity and severely controlling food intake,
which culminate in eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating.
These disorders are not related to the eating problems per se but often due to underlying or
complicated by psychological factors, namely depression, anxiety, impulse control problems
and personality. The roles of psychological factors in eating disorders and obesity should
therefore not be downplayed. These disorders should be managed comprehensively involving
multiple approaches, including not only biological but also psychological interventions provided by a professional team comprising endocrinologists, psychiatrists, dietitians, exercise
physicians and surgeons.
2.Anorexia nervosa with comorbid borderline personality disorder, major depression and homosexuality in a young Malay man: a case report
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2008;9(2):126-128
We aimed to report the first case of anorexia nervosa in a young Malaysian Malay homosexual man with underlying borderline personality disorder and major depression. Patient and parents were interviewed. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV was used to generate
Axis-I diagnosis. The Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of depression. His parents had marital discord. His father was overinvolved. Regarding anorexia nervosa, he had 163 cm height, 46kg weight and a body mass index (BMI) of 17 kg/m2
. His four limbs had multiple scratch marks. Laboratory test results showed anemia, leukocytosis
and hypoalbuminemia. Family pathology, borderline personality disorder and homosexuality
could be the risk factors of anorexia nervosa in this patient.
3.Anorexia nervosa with comorbid borderline personality disorder, major depression and homosexuality in a young Malay man: a case report
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2007;8(1):126-128
We aimed to report the first case of anorexia nervosa in a young Malaysian Malay homosexual
man with underlying borderline personality disorder and major depression. Patient and
parents were interviewed. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV was used to generate
Axis-I diagnosis. The Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of
depression. His parents had marital discord. His father was overinvolved. Regarding anorexia
nervosa, he had 163 cm height, 46kg weight and a body mass index (BMI) of 17 kg/m2. His
four limbs had multiple scratch marks. Laboratory test results showed anemia, leukocytosis
and hypoalbuminemia. Family pathology, borderline personality disorder and homosexuality
could be the risk factors of anorexia nervosa in this patient.
4.Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life among family caregivers of hospice patients with cancer: a home based community preliminary study
Osman Che Bakar ; Eizwan Hamdie Yusoff ; Ainsah Omar
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2008;9(2):78-84
Objective: This descriptive cross-section, community-based study examined the prevalence of
psychiatric morbidity and quality of life (QOL) and the associated factors among family caregivers of hospice patients with cancer. Methods: Subjects were 50 family caregivers of cancer
patients under the care of Hospice Malaysia homecare. Home visits were done in Klang Valley. Psychiatric morbidity was detected using GHQ-30 English and Bahasa Malaysia versions, and the QOL was assessed by the Short Form 36 items (SF-36) questionnaire. Results:
The study results showed that 54% of respondents had psychiatric morbidity. The educational
status and the relationship between family caregivers and the cancer patients were statistically
significant (p<0.05) associated with psychiatric morbidity. Among the respondents, scores of
all domains of QOL were lower than those of the general Malaysian population. There were
statistically significant associations between the relationship of family caregivers and cancer
patients, as well as bodily pain and mental health domains (p<0.05) and between gender and
social functioning domains (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that caregivers of
cancer patients are at risk for psychiatric illnesses and low QOL.
5.Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life among family caregivers of hospice patients with cancer: a home based community preliminary study
Osman Che Bakar ; Eizwan Hamdie Yusoff ; Ainsah Omar
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2007;8(1):78-84
Objective: This descriptive cross-section, community-based study examined the prevalence of
psychiatric morbidity and quality of life (QOL) and the associated factors among family caregivers
of hospice patients with cancer. Methods: Subjects were 50 family caregivers of cancer
patients under the care of Hospice Malaysia homecare. Home visits were done in Klang Valley.
Psychiatric morbidity was detected using GHQ-30 English and Bahasa Malaysia versions,
and the QOL was assessed by the Short Form 36 items (SF-36) questionnaire. Results:
The study results showed that 54% of respondents had psychiatric morbidity. The educational
status and the relationship between family caregivers and the cancer patients were statistically
significant (p<0.05) associated with psychiatric morbidity. Among the respondents, scores of
all domains of QOL were lower than those of the general Malaysian population. There were
statistically significant associations between the relationship of family caregivers and cancer
patients, as well as bodily pain and mental health domains (p<0.05) and between gender and
social functioning domains (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that caregivers of
cancer patients are at risk for psychiatric illnesses and low QOL.
6.Obesity among patients with schizophrenia, attending outpatient psychiatric clinic, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Salmi Razali ; Ainsah Omar ; Osman Che Bakar ; Shamsul Azman Shah
ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry 2007;8(2):90-96
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among patients with
schizophrenia and its association with the demographic profile. Methods: This is a cross
sectional study. Subjects were selected using systematic sampling. Patients attending the out
patient psychiatric clinic, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, who fulfilled the criteria
and able to give consent were included in this study. Diagnosis of schizophrenia was made
using Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) for DSM-IV. Demographic profiles of the patients
were obtained and anthropometric measurements were measured and classified according to
Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) of Asian population. Results: A total
of 97 patients were included. The prevalence of overweight (BMI: 23.0- 27.4 kg/m2) was
39.2% (n=38), and the prevalence of obesity (BMI: >27.0 kg/m2) was 35.1% (n=34). BMI
was higher among non-Chinese (Malay and Indian, p=.03) and those who had low total
household income (p=.03). Sixty-two patients (63.9%) had high WC, which was associated
with male (p=.003) and non-Chinese (p=.03). Conclusions: Obesity is highly prevalent among
patients with schizophrenia. The risk factors for obesity include male, non-Chinese and those
with low total income. The high WC among non-Chinese and male patients suggests that they
are at a higher risk of developing obesity-related physical illnesses. These findings support
that obesity is a common critical issue among schizophrenic patients, and it warrants serious
clinical interventions.
7.Seropositivity and Serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and DNA among Patients with Schizophrenia.
Ainsah OMAR ; Osman Che BAKAR ; Nor Fatini ADAM ; Hakim OSMAN ; Arina OSMAN ; Ahmad Hatim SULEIMAN ; Mohd Rizal Abdul MANAF ; Mohd Ikhsan SELAMAT
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2015;53(1):29-34
The aim of this cross sectional case control study was to examine the serofrequency and serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) IgG, IgM, and DNA among patients with schizophrenia. A total of 101 patients with schizophrenia and 55 healthy controls from Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia and University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) were included in this study. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The presence of Tg infection was examined using both indirect (ELISA) and direct (quantitative real-time PCR) detection methods by measuring Tg IgG and IgM and DNA, respectively. The serofrequency of Tg IgG antibodies (51.5%, 52/101) and DNA (32.67%, 33/101) among patients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than IgG (18.2%, 10/55) and DNA (3.64%, 2/55) of the controls (IgG, P=0.000, OD=4.8, CI=2.2-10.5; DNA, P=0.000, OD=12.9, CI=2.17-10.51). However, the Tg IgM antibody between patients with schizophrenia and controls was not significant (P>0.005). There was no significant difference (P>0.005) in both serointensity of Tg IgG and DNA between patients with schizophrenia and controls. These findings have further demonstrated the strong association between the active Tg infection and schizophrenia.
Adolescent
;
Adult
;
Aged
;
Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood
;
Case-Control Studies
;
Cross-Sectional Studies
;
DNA, Protozoan/*blood
;
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Immunoglobulin G/blood
;
Immunoglobulin M/blood
;
Malaysia
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Schizophrenia/*complications
;
Seroepidemiologic Studies
;
Toxoplasma/classification/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification
;
Toxoplasmosis/*epidemiology/immunology/*parasitology
;
Young Adult
8.Seropositivity and Serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies and DNA among Patients with Schizophrenia.
Ainsah OMAR ; Osman Che BAKAR ; Nor Fatini ADAM ; Hakim OSMAN ; Arina OSMAN ; Ahmad Hatim SULEIMAN ; Mohd Rizal Abdul MANAF ; Mohd Ikhsan SELAMAT
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2015;53(1):29-34
The aim of this cross sectional case control study was to examine the serofrequency and serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) IgG, IgM, and DNA among patients with schizophrenia. A total of 101 patients with schizophrenia and 55 healthy controls from Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia and University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) were included in this study. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The presence of Tg infection was examined using both indirect (ELISA) and direct (quantitative real-time PCR) detection methods by measuring Tg IgG and IgM and DNA, respectively. The serofrequency of Tg IgG antibodies (51.5%, 52/101) and DNA (32.67%, 33/101) among patients with schizophrenia was significantly higher than IgG (18.2%, 10/55) and DNA (3.64%, 2/55) of the controls (IgG, P=0.000, OD=4.8, CI=2.2-10.5; DNA, P=0.000, OD=12.9, CI=2.17-10.51). However, the Tg IgM antibody between patients with schizophrenia and controls was not significant (P>0.005). There was no significant difference (P>0.005) in both serointensity of Tg IgG and DNA between patients with schizophrenia and controls. These findings have further demonstrated the strong association between the active Tg infection and schizophrenia.
Adolescent
;
Adult
;
Aged
;
Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood
;
Case-Control Studies
;
Cross-Sectional Studies
;
DNA, Protozoan/*blood
;
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Immunoglobulin G/blood
;
Immunoglobulin M/blood
;
Malaysia
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Schizophrenia/*complications
;
Seroepidemiologic Studies
;
Toxoplasma/classification/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification
;
Toxoplasmosis/*epidemiology/immunology/*parasitology
;
Young Adult