OBJECTIVETo investigate the difference between straight wire appliance and edgewise appliance treatment outcome.

METHODS80 cases finished with two-arch straight wire or edgewise appliance between 1994 and 2001 were selected. The PAR index on pre- and post-treatment dental casts and PAR score was recorded respectively. According to the same pre-treatment PAR score and extraction pattern, the samples were divided into two groups, straight wire group and edgewise group, and each group had 40 cases. The data were analyzed statistically.

RESULTSEstimated with the post-treatment PAR score of posterior teeth alignment, the treatment with straight wire appliance was lower than that with edgewise appliance (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in other recorded PAR score between two groups. For the mean treatment duration, straight wire appliance (3.95 months) was shorter than edgewise appliance.

CONCLUSIONAs for the posterior teeth alignment, the straight wire appliance was more accurate, and the straight wire appliance was more efficient than edgewise appliance.

Humans ; Malocclusion ; Orthodontic Wires ; Treatment Outcome

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of the use of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) on labial segment malocclusion in determining the need for orthodontic treatment among 8 to 10-year old children. Convenient sample of one hundred and six (106) children (54 boys and 52 girls) were examined extra and intra-orally. Their skeletal and dental discrepancies were assessed in all three dimension planes. Any presence of mandibular displacement was identified. The IOTN score was determined for each child. Respectively it was found that 39.6%, 49.1% and 11.3% of the children presented with skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusion(p<0.05). Inter-arch relationship showed a significant difference of the midline condition of the upper arch and the presence of anterior and posterior crossbite (p<0.05). About 17.8% of the children had increased overjet of more than 6 mm. Increased overbite was seen in 55.7% of the children with 7.6% presenting with palatal contact. There was a higher prevalence (57.5%) of crowding in the mandibular arch, while the maxillary arch had a higher prevalence (62.2%) of spacing. More than half (62.2%) of the children were in need of treatment (IOTN Grade 3, 4 and 5).This study showed a high prevalence of labial segment malocclusion among 8 to 10-year-old children which indicate orthodontic intervention. The IOTN is not a suitable index for mixed dentitions to be used for developing occlusion for the population group.
Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need ; Malocclusion ; Child

OBJECTIVETo introduce a new modified twin-block advancement appliance and investigate the effects on respiratory variables in patients with OSAS.

METHODS29 patients with OSAS participated in the study and were fitted with modified twin-block appliances to hold the mandible in an anterior and inferior position. Polysomnography was performed with and without appliance insertion. And questionnaires were used for registration of patients subjective symptoms. Pair-t analysis was used to evaluate the effects of appliances in patients with OSAS.

RESULTS26 patients responded to the appliance therapy. Apnea-hypopnea index, apnea index and hypopnea index were reduced significantly (P < 0.01). Lowest arterial oxygen saturation improved significantly (P < 0.01). Discomfort with mandibular advancement disappeared within one week.

CONCLUSIONSModified twin-block advancement appliance is a conservative, successful treatment alternative that could benefit patients suffered from OSAS.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) into Turkish, validate the questionnaire, and provide a cross-cultural adaptation. METHODS: The translation process included the following steps, which were performed by a translation committee: (1) translation into Turkish, (2) back translation into English, (3) pretesting, and (4) cross-cultural adaptation. The Turkish version of the PIDAQ was produced subsequent to the translation process. Validity and reliability were measured using the Perception of Occlusion Scale and the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The questionnaire was administered to 260 individuals (age range, 18-30 years; mean age, 20.50 ± 1.9 years). Structural validity was assessed via factor analysis, and internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure, with factor loadings for included items ranging from 0.380 to 0.868. Few questions were shuffled among domains various factor loadings. Cronbach's alphas for the Turkish version of the PIDAQ ranged from 0.534 to 0.904. Mean scores for the PIDAQ subscale and total scores differed significantly according to Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and Perception of Occlusion Scale scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided a Turkish version of the PIDAQ, which could be a useful tool in the evaluation of the psychosocial impact of malocclusion in young Turkish adults.
Adult ; Esthetics* ; Humans ; Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need ; Malocclusion ; Psychology ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the occlusal outcome and duration of fixed orthodontic therapy from clinical trials in humans with the Objective Grading System (OGS) proposed by the American Board of Orthodontics. METHODS: Nine databases were searched up to October 2016 for prospective/retrospective clinical trials assessing the outcomes of orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to the Cochrane guidelines, random-effects meta-analyses of the mean OGS score and treatment duration were performed and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 34 relevant clinical trials including 6,207 patients (40% male, 60% female; average age, 18.4 years) were identified. The average OGS score after treatment was 27.9 points (95% CI, 25.3–30.6 points), while the average treatment duration was 24.9 months (95% CI, 24.6–25.1 months). There was no significant association between occlusal outcome and treatment duration, while considerable heterogeneity was identified. In addition, orthodontic treatment involving extraction of four premolars appeared to have an important effect on both outcomes and duration of treatment. Finally, only 10 (39%) of the identified studies matched compared groups by initial malocclusion severity, although meta-epidemiological evidence suggested that matching may have significantly influenced their results. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this systematic review suggest that the occlusal outcomes of fixed appliance treatment vary considerably, with no significant association between treatment outcomes and duration. Prospective matched clinical studies that use the OGS tool are needed to compare the effectiveness of orthodontic appliances.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Bicuspid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Orthodontics ; Population Characteristics ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to compare the treatment outcomes in patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion by applying different anchorage methods via three-dimensional model measurement.

METHODSA total of 46 patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion treated with bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions and high anchorage were selected. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups according to the type of anchorage applied, which included implant, extraoral, and Nance arch anchorages. The maxillary dental models were made before treatment and after space closure of maxilla. The movements of the maxillary central incisors and first molars were measured via a three-dimensional model measurement, and the amounts of movement were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThe sagittal lingual movements of the maxillary central incisors were (-6.661 ± 1.328), (-5.939 ± 1.806), and (-5.788 ± 2.009) mm for the implant, extraoral, and Nance arch anchorage groups, respectively, with no significant difference among the three groups (P = 0.121). The corresponding vertical movements of the maxillary central incisors were (0.129 ± 1.815) mm intrusion, and (-2.162 ± 2.026), (-2.623 ± 1.776) mm extrusion. Significant difference was found between the implant anchorage group and the other groups (P < 0.05). The corresponding sagittal mesial movements of the maxillary first molars were (0.608 ± 1.045), (1.445 ± 1.462), and (1.503 ± 0.945) mm. The corresponding vertical movements of the maxillary first molars were (0.720 ± 0.805) mm intrusion, (0.076 ± 0.986) mm intrusion, and (-0.072 ± 0.690) mm extrusion. Significant difference was found between the implant anchorage group and the other two groups (P < 0.05). In the transverse direction, the first molars all moved lingually with no significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONImplant anchorage may be superior in the vertical control of the maxillary incisors and in the sagittal, as well as in the vertical control of the maxillary molars, compared with the traditional anchorages during the treatment of patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.

Bicuspid ; Cephalometry ; Humans ; Incisor ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the position change of upper molars and incisors in order to evaluate the stability of posterior anchorage with the application of micro-screw implant.

METHODSEight adult patients with severe maxillary protrusion were included. Upper first premolars were extracted and upper posterior anchorage was reinforced with micro-screw implant in all patients. Cephalometric and cast analyses were carried out to record the position change of molar and micro-screw.

RESULTSDuring treatment the micro-screw implants kept stable in sagittal and vertical plane. Neither the mesial-distal movement nor the tipping of the upper molars during the treatment was statistically significant (P > 0.05). The edge of upper incisors was retracted by 6.86 mm and the tipping was reduced by 18.03 degrees . The center of resistance was intruded by 3.28 mm on average. Significant change was observed (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSMicro-screw implant could provide good anchorage control in the orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; therapy ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the correlation between dental treatment need as assessed by the components of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and a self-evaluation questionnaire in a population selected from the dental clinics of Shiraz, Iran. METHODS: The dental treatment needs of 240 participants (120 men and 120 women) were measured on the basis of the IOTN dental health component (IOTN-DHC), IOTN aesthetic component (IOTN-AC), IOTN AC determined by the examiner (IOTN-ACE), and a self-evaluation questionnaire (SEQ). The correlations between the treatment needs assessed by all the methods as well as the correlations of the treatment needs with age and gender were assessed using a Spearman's correlation coefficient (alpha = 0.01). RESULTS: All methods were significantly correlated (p < or = 0.001). The associations of IOTN-ACE with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were moderately significant (rho = 0.49 and 0.41, respectively). The associations of IOTN-AC with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were weakly significant (rho = 0.24 and 0.35, respectively). The IOTN-DHC was moderately associated with SEQ (rho = 0.53). Gender and age were not associated with treatment needs estimated by any of the methods used (p > 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The correlations between the self-evaluation and the IOTN components in young adults were close to those reported in children, and IOTN-ACE was more reliable than IOTN-AC.
Child ; Dental Clinics ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans ; Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to illustrate the circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) as a removable maxillary retainer with good potential patient compliance and to evaluate the discomfort of the retainers including distorted speech, gagging sensation and appliance discomfort. METHODS: Sixty-six orthodontic patients (male, 23; female, 43; mean age, 23.42 +/- 10.19 years) who received orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly assigned to two groups after debonding, a conventional wraparound retainer (CWR) group that fully covers the palate with an acrylic plate and a highly polished surface, and a circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) group which has a horseshoe shaped base plate with three folds on the anterior region. A questionnaire that had a visual analog scale (VAS) which consists of a 100-mm horizontal line with 2 end-points labeled "no discomfort" on the left and "worst discomfort" on the right, with regard to distorted speech, gagging sensation and discomfort, was administered to patients after 4 weeks of retainer wear. The Mann-Whitney test was used to test the hypothesis that there was no difference between the two retainers. RESULTS: Comparing distorted speech and discomfort, the CCR group significantly had lower values than the CWR group (p < 0.05). Comparing gagging sensation, the CCR group had lower values than the CWR group but there were no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.146). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results suggest that the circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) might facilitate patient compliance and thereby improve the maintenance of the fixed orthodontic treatment outcome.
Female ; Gagging ; Humans ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Palate ; Patient Compliance ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sensation ; Treatment Outcome

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the treatment outcome after surgical-orthodontic treatment of the maxillary impacted incisors using multiple regression analysis. The study enrolled 83 patients who had surgical-orthodontic treatment in impacted maxillary central incisor between January 2005 and December 2015. Possible explanatory variables related to the prognosis of impacted incisor were age, gender, tooth developmental stage, height, position and angle of the teeth.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that as the height of the stem cell from apical papilla (SCAP) increased, the tooth length ratio increased by 0.345 units (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in gender, tooth development stage, distance and angle between the center line and the tooth, and the height of incisal tip of the tooth. In conclusion, the height of the SCAP of the impacted central incisor is factor affecting the tooth length after orthodontic traction.
Humans ; Incisor ; Orthodontic Extrusion ; Prognosis ; Stem Cells ; Tooth ; Traction ; Treatment Outcome