Philippines ; Accidents ; Organizations

This study was undertaken to provide basis for the “Psychological Response and Coping Mechanism of Sexually Abuse Teenagers: A Basis for Psychiatric Nursing Care” which discover the different responses and coping mechanism of sexually abused teenagers. Respondents (50) were from the government institutions supervised by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) namely residents of Marillac Hills at Town Center North Gate Avenue, Filinvest, Corporate City, Alabang, Munting Lupa City. Age of the respondents from 11-17 years old was included as the subject of the study.The study used a descriptive correlation research. The instrument used was a personal information sheet which includes their demographic variables, relationship to the Perpetrator, and reason for abused. Statistical measurements used are measures of Central Tendencies and Kruskall Wallis Two Way Anova by Ranks. This determines the respondents of the sample as to different area of functioning and coping mechanism. Also establish differences and correlation between two age groups (11-14 and 15-17 years old) based on the mentioned mechanism.In conclusion, the age group ratio was 3:1 (for 11-14 and 15-17 years old) distributed nationally from four regions of the country. Occupations of the parents were of blue-collar nature (driver, laborer, house maid) belong to the low socio-economic income of the society. Respondent educational attainment falls only up to the primary level of education. Majority of the respondents were abused by their father while other of their family relatives indicating that occurred within the household where the perpetrator tended to have close family relation with the victim. Result show there is no significant difference among the selected sexually abused teenagers when grouped as to birth of origin, father nature of work and five categories of coping mechanism.Based on the findings of the study, special programs for sexually abused teenagers should be conducted by the agency concerned and assisted by the NGO’s (the government centers). Their rights under the existing laws, victims of sexually abused women should be observed and respected. The center/ agency in charge of sexually abused teenagers provide assistance for them to continue their education, constant counseling, ensure reintegration in their family and community. That the agencies in-charge of keeping peace and order should enforce strictly rules in order to avoid/or minimize sexual abused. Further study maybe conducted in other agencies.
Sex Offenses ; Adolescent ; Psychology ; Organizations

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the various factors contributory to the fatalities that resulted from the sinking of the MV Dona Paz.

METHODS: Review of the pre-disaster, disaster and post-disaster events surrounding the sinking of the MV Dona Paz, as well as the subsequent response by the government and responsible agencies to the disaster.

RESULTS: The Sinking of the MV Dona Paz, along with the loss of more than 4,000 precious lives, is but a footnote in the long litany of misfortunes plaguing the Philippine maritime industry. A closer look into the events and circumstances leading to this tragedy demonstrates a confluence of equipment and system inadequacy on one hand and human error and lack of preparedness on the other.

CONCLUSION: Multiple factors account for the occurence of this tragedy, along with other maritime disaster incidents dotting the long maritime history of the Philippines. A cursory analysis of these factors may lead to recommendations that can prevent similar occurrences in the future and mitigate damage to property and loss of life. The policy implications of these findings are discussed in a subsequent paper.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the qualifications and current situations of the medical and health institutions and certified doctors for providing occupational disease diagnosis in China and to provide a reference for developing relevant policies.

METHODSWork reports and questionnaires survey were used to investigate the qualifications of all medical and health institutions and certified doctors for providing occupational disease diagnosis in China and their acceptance and diagnosis of occupational disease cases from 2006 to 2010. The rate for the work reports was 100%, and the response rate for the questionnaires was 71.0%.

RESULTSBy the end of 2010, in the 31 provincial-level regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China, there had been 503 medical and health institutions which were qualified for providing occupational disease diagnosis, including 207 centers for disease control and prevention, accounting for 41.2%, 145 general hospitals, accounting for 28.8%, 69 enterprise-owned hospitals, accounting for 13.7%, and 64 institutes or centers for occupational disease prevention and control, accounting for 12.7%; 4986 certified doctors got the qualification for providing occupational disease diagnosis, with 9.4 certified doctors on average in each institution, and there was 0.65 certified doctor per 100 000 employees. In addition, 16.5% of the institutions got all the qualifications for diagnosing 9 occupational diseases, and 17.1% of the institutions got the qualification for diagnosing one occupational disease. Each certified doctor accepted diagnosis of 16.8 cases of occupational diseases on average every year.

CONCLUSIONA national occupational disease diagnosis network has been established in China, but the imbalance in regional distribution and specialty programs still exists among the qualified medical and health institutions and certified doctors. It is essential to further strengthen the development of regional qualified medical and health institutions and training of qualified doctors.

Objective: To understand the comparability of noise measurement results of various occupational hygiene technical service organizations in Guangdong Province by conducting inter-laboratory comparison of measuring instruments and personnel operation. Methods: In October 2020, the instrument comparison and personnel comparison among 91 occupational hygiene technical service organizations engaged in noise measurement in Guangdong Province were carried out in the form of fixed-point measurement and simulated workplace measurement, and the results were analyzed and evaluated by using the robust z-ratio score. Results: In the instrument comparison, 6 organizations had 1 or 2 outliers in their z-ratio scores, 2 organizations had 2 problematic values in their z-ratio scores, and a total of 8 organizations (accounting for 8.8%) were judged as unqualified; A total of 83 organizations (accounting for 91.2%) with satisfactory z-ratio scores or only one problematic value were judged as qualified. In the personnel comparison, there were 11 organizations with 1 or 2 outliers in the z-ratio score, and 1 organization with 2 problematic values in the z-ratio score. A total of 12 organizations (13.2%) were judged as unqualified and 79 organizations (accounting for 86.8%) with satisfactory z-ratio scores or only one problematic value were judged as qualified. Through comprehensive judgment, 20 organizations (22.0%) were judged as unqualified, and 71 organizations (78.0%) were judged as qualified. There was no statistically significant difference in the qualified rates of instrument comparison results, personnel comparison results and comprehensive evaluation results of non-private organizations and private organizations (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the qualified rates of instrument comparison results and comprehensive evaluation results of qualified organizations and unqualified organizations (P>0.05), there was significant difference in the qualified rate of personnel comparison results (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The noise measurement results of some occupational health technical service organizations in Guangdong Province are generally comparable. To carry out inter-laboratory comparison of noise instrument performance and personnel operation ability of occupational hygiene technical service organizations, can comprehensively evaluate the testing process of each organization and find out the problems existing in each organization.
Humans ; Workplace ; Occupational Health Services ; Organizations ; Hygiene ; Workforce ; Noise, Occupational

Objective: To explore the help seeking efficacy and social assistance willingness of medical staff during major public health events, so as to provide basis for improving the psychological resources and service quality of medical staff and further optimizing the prevention and treatment policies. Methods: In February 2020, a convenient sampling method was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey on medical staff in Henan Province, and a total of 2136 questionnaires were collected. Among them, there were 1940 valid questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate was 90.82%. The questionnaire of help seeking efficacy and willingness to social assistance under epidemic situation was used to investigate the help seeking efficacy and willingness of medical staff. The frequency and rate (%) were used to analyze the overall situation of medical staff's help seeking efficacy and social assistance willingness. The differences among different demographic variables were tested by χ(2) test. Results: Among the 1940 medical and nursing staff, 18.81% (365/1940) did not know how to obtain appropriate psychological assistance. Compared with the low age group, the medical staff in the high age group had the ability of information query, the ability to occupy knowledge resources, the ability to distinguish rumors and facts and the sense of efficacy of obtaining appropriate medical help, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The willingness of medical and nursing staff to actively cooperate with the government, maintain social stability and volunteer work were 99.43% (1929/1940) , 98.81% (1917/1940) and 97.11% (1884/1940) . Conclusion: The medical staff had a higher sense of help seeking efficacy and willingness to social assistance. It is necessary to further strengthen the resource support of psychological, social and humanistic care for medical staff.
Humans ; Intention ; Medical Staff ; Organizations ; Public Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop a timeout protocol as the process of patients verification in the operating room, and to evaluate its effects. METHODS: The timeout protocol was developed based on the experience of practices and the universal protocol of JCAHO 2004. The subjects of this study were 192 surgical members working in the operating room at an university hospital in Daegu, Korea. RESULTS: The timeout protocol was developed in six steps; participants verification, encouragement of compliance, verification of right 3 PSP, agreement of surgical team members, verification of the parties to a patient, patient agreement. The data which have been resulted from the experimental group show significantly higher than those of control group as follows; cognition(t = -6.580, p = .000), contents of performance; progress of anesthesiologist as leader(chi-square = 29.029, p = .000), verification of right patient, right site and right procedure(chi-square = 40.663, p = .000), participation of surgical team(chi-square = 68.412, p = .000), and the number of cases of performance(chi-square = 242.900, p = .000). CONCLUSION: It suggests that medical accidents caused by failures in a preoperative verification process can be prevented if a timeout is conducted active involvement and effective communication among surgical team members for a final verification of the correct patient, procedure, and site.
Cognition ; Collodion ; Compliance ; Humans ; Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations ; Korea ; Operating Rooms

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop a timeout protocol as the process of patients verification in the operating room, and to evaluate its effects. METHODS: The timeout protocol was developed based on the experience of practices and the universal protocol of JCAHO 2004. The subjects of this study were 192 surgical members working in the operating room at an university hospital in Daegu, Korea. RESULTS: The timeout protocol was developed in six steps; participants verification, encouragement of compliance, verification of right 3 PSP, agreement of surgical team members, verification of the parties to a patient, patient agreement. The data which have been resulted from the experimental group show significantly higher than those of control group as follows; cognition(t = -6.580, p = .000), contents of performance; progress of anesthesiologist as leader(chi-square = 29.029, p = .000), verification of right patient, right site and right procedure(chi-square = 40.663, p = .000), participation of surgical team(chi-square = 68.412, p = .000), and the number of cases of performance(chi-square = 242.900, p = .000). CONCLUSION: It suggests that medical accidents caused by failures in a preoperative verification process can be prevented if a timeout is conducted active involvement and effective communication among surgical team members for a final verification of the correct patient, procedure, and site.
Cognition ; Collodion ; Compliance ; Humans ; Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations ; Korea ; Operating Rooms

China ; Occupational Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Occupational Health Services ; Organizations ; statistics & numerical data

The National Licensing Examination for Physicians (NLEP) is a public evaluation tool to determine the minimum professional competence of medical school graduates necessary to practice medicine in the community. Thus, it plays a critical role not only to determine the national standard of health care but also to give a great impact on the level of educational objectives in each medical school. Currently, the Korean NLEP system has been the target of public critics for last twenty years because of its lagging behind expected functions as a national parameter to assess the competencies of the applicants. This failure is largely related to the unrealistic and irrelevant system and ignorance of the changing health needs in the community. Among many other features the followings are the important characteristics of Korean NLEP system contributing to its failures ; (1) qualification and licensing are not separated and are under the control of a same government authority ; (2) Executive process of the examination is managed by the bureaucratic operational body with no adivice from expertees in educational evaluation and no integral coordination or machinary for educational feedback from medical school objectives ; (3) Test Committee remains under the governmental authority only as an advisory body and little opportunity for comprehensive planning or renovative effort ; (4) One day written examination with 340 multiple choice questions cover 5 major disciplines and 8 minors ; (5) Passing level is fixed at 60 percentile of the total scores minimum baseline scores no more than 40 percentile in every disciplines. Despite continuous efforts for better NLEP system and efficient operation since 1975, only a tip of improvement has been made in the administrative aspect of the examination in the present Korean setting. This article outlines a proposal for future renovative plan of Korean NLEP based on the previously identified issues and problems. Followings are the summary of recommendations. 1) Foundation of the National Board of Licensing Examinations for Physician, a semi-independent, non-profit organization, can solve the problems with regard to the educational irrelevance of the present system. Organizational remodelling of the existing Test Committee along with strengthening of the executive and planning functions may be the alternative. 2) Appropriate research and development on future renovative planning should be based on and integrated with medical school objectives and community needs. 3) Specific issues and related resolutional plans regarding roles of the testing body are proposed and discussed along with improvement of system itself and technical renovations. Included are feasibility on the establishment of discipline-based testing subcommittees, independency of qualification and licensing procedures, preview of applicants' quality and of educational institutions, and liaison with medical school dean's council. In addition, appropriate procedures to determine the disciplines to be tested, passing level, tables of specification, number of test items, item bank, automation, recruitment of expertees, improvement of test item construction, and test item analysis are stressed.
Automation ; Delivery of Health Care ; Licensure* ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; Professional Competence ; Schools, Medical