Background: The modified Stoppa approach was first described in 1993 by Hirvensalo as an alternative to the ilioinguinal approach for treatment of pelvic ring fracture. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 5 patients with unstable pelvic fracture treated with internal fixation using the modified Stoppa approach. Residual displacement of the pelvic ring was measured and graded using the methods described by Matta and Lindahl. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Merle D Aubigne and Pos
Orthopaedic

Chronic sagittal band injury with tendon dislocation of the extensor digitorum communis in the hand often requires operative stabilization. Various surgical techniques have been reported to repair and reconstruct the sagittal band. Nonetheless, most of the techniques are technically demanding and require donor graft. In this case report, we report a novel surgical technique to centralize and stabilize the tendon by reattaching the radial sagittal band with anchor sutures. The advantages of this new technique are simple, no donor morbidity and stable repair to restore the normal biomechanics of the tendon. The patient was able to return to work in three months and no recurrent dislocation was noted at review two years after surgery.

The respiratory tract is primary contact site of the body and environment,and it is ventilated by 10-20 thousand liters of air per day.Inevitably,the respiratory system comes into contact with airborne microbes,which contain the disease-causing pathogens.Airway epithelial cells (AECs) are known to have innate sensor functions,which are similar to the "professional" immune cells,such as alveolar macrophage and sub-or intra-epithelial dendritic cells (DCs).Thus AECs are able to detect invading microbial danger including different types of respiratory viruses,and mount a potent host response,for example,activating type Ⅰ interferon signaling pathway genes.To avoid chronic inflammation and maintain the immunological homeostasis,the pulmonary system has developed intrinsic mechanisms to control local immune responses.Most recently,the role of AECs in control of local immunity has gained much attention,as 1) AECs express the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs),such as Toll-like receptors,retinoic acid inducible gene Ⅰ (RIG-Ⅰ)-like receptor,and so on,thus AECs are equipped to Participate in innate detection of microbial encounter;2) To keep immunological homeostasis in the respiratory tract,AECs behave not only as innate immune sensors but also as immune modulators in parallel,through modulating the sensitivity of innate immune sensing of both AECs per se and sub-or intra-epithelial immune cells;3) Loss of modularity capacity of AECs might be involved in the development of chronic airway diseases.In present review,how the AECs act will be intensively discussed in response to respiratory viruses and modulate the local immunity through cis-and trans-factors (direct and indirect factors),as well as the consequence of impairment of this control of local immunity,in the development and exacerbation of airway diseases,such as acute and chronic rhinosinusitis.